ЈАВНОСТ - лист за наукe и политику (1873/2)
Крагујевац, 10. Новембра 1873. год.; Рад скупштинских одбора; Политички преглед; Београд, 8. Новембра; Различности; ''ЧИТАОЦИМА'' ЈАВНОСТИ;
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Крагујевац, 10. Новембра 1873. год.; Рад скупштинских одбора; Политички преглед; Београд, 8. Новембра; Различности; ''ЧИТАОЦИМА'' ЈАВНОСТИ;
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Крагујевац, 12. Новембра; Од кога долази наша сиромаштина?; Рад скупштинских одбора; СЕСТРЕ (приповетка); О скорашњем запетом стању у Француској (Наставак на бр. 1.); Нек се зна; Различности; Наредба; ЧИТАОЦИМА ''ЈАВНОСТИ'';
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Рад скупштинских одбора; Рад скупштине; О скорашњем запетом стању у Француској (Наставак); Различности; Уписницима ''Јавности'';
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Крагујевац, 17. Новембра; Рад народне скупштине; У Шапцу 12. Новембра; О скорашњем запетом стању у Француској;
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Скупа правда; Рад народне скупштине; Шабац 24. Новембра 1873. год.; Карагујевац 28. Новембра 1873. год.; На знање;
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Крагујевац, 5. Децембра; Рад народне скупштине; ОДГОВОР - Г. Јовану Бели Марковићу;
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Rodina je základní společenskou jednotkou, která se jako pojem velmi obtížně vymezuje. K zápisu rodokmenů používáme graf (viz ilustrace 1.2), který by měl být alespoň dvougenerační. Muž se zapisuje symbolem trojúhelníku, žena symbolem kruhu. Neurčitý počet dětí, či jenom všeobecný zápis potomků značí symbol čtverce. Jedinec se nazývá ego a jeho generace se nazývá nultá. Graf čtený z hlediska jedince se nazývá egocentrický. Graf čtený z hlediska potomků je grafem prokreační rodiny – jinými slovy se orientuje na budoucnost. Graf z hlediska předků je grafem orientační rodiny čili je orientovaný na minulost.
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In the middle of the 19th century, a large number of Bulgarian Renaissance scholars, which included Ivan Seliminsky, Petar Protich and Gregor Parlichev, created poetry in Greek. The works which are presented by the three Hellenists in the present study are a valuable a source for some of the characteristic features of the Balkans, as well as the language characteristics and the particular style from each of them. P. Protich’s satire focuses on the dangers hidden in Hellenistic phenomena of the Balkan intelligentsia. The poems of Greg. Parlichev are distinguished for their rich poetic language and describe the struggle for liberation from the centuries long yoke of slavery, while Iv. Seliminsky presents events in Wallachia since the middle of the 19th century. In the life and spiritual attitude of these three Hellenists there is something very common – they attend Greek schools, they study at the University of Athens, live and work for the political and spiritual regeneration of the Bulgarian people.
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In north-east Slovakia, complex as well as simply-forged crosses have survived at sacral buildings and in museum collections. Craftsmanship and artistic sense of the blacksmiths in the 17th to 19th century made from forged crosses, placed on churches, bell towers and chapels an interesting picture of folk plastic art, which however was conditioned by theological teaching, regulated, and controlled by church dignitaries. The basic types of crosses are enriched by a lot of other symbols and signs crafted as one unit. Some forged crosses can be found at their original place and in their original function even today, some others are not complete, or crosses of the basic shape replaced them later, because the signs and symbols gradually lost their importance in human mind or because the Christian learning and its interpretation changed. The basic types of crosses, the signs used and the symbolism of the crosses and combinations thereof say something about the time of their origin. The applied signs created an ideogram, but mostly more ideograms connected into one unit. Every forged cross not only is a set of signs or ideograms, but – to a certain extent – also an artistic element making the whole building complete.
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The present study deals with an important point in the history of the educational activities in the old capital city of Turnovo, namely the opening of a Hellenic school in 1821. The analysis of the data of its chronicle reveals the significant role of the Orthodox clergy, headed by the bishop of Turnovo, in relation to the establishment, organization and maintenance of the school. By the middle of the 19th c. it was not only the most authoritative centre of education in the city but it also had a leading role in the public and economic life of the Bulgarians.
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The main cultural threshold to Romanian books from the Bessarabian space is represented by religious texts. These constitute the link between the Romanian background and the new historical context of Russian origin of the 19th century. These texts have had a dual role in the maintenance and development of Christianity on the one hand, and in the propagation of cult variants of the Romanian literary language on the other. This study will analyse the first Romanian book produced in this political framework dominated by the Russian Empire, a liturgical book printed by the Metropolitan Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni in 1815, in Chișinău. The Liturgy is written in Cyrillic script, in Romanian, but it strictly followed the compositional structure and formal organization of Russian books.
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The Renaissance spirit of Veliko Tarnovo leaves its marks not only on the medieval Bulgarian art, but also on the art of the Bulgarian National Revival period. Its traces are noticeable even in the work of painters that have not had anything in common with the city. This is exactly the case with an icon by Nikola Vasilev – the most well-known icon painter from Shumen – painted in 1891. There the Holy Brothers are portrayed against the backdrop of a fantastical capital city named to be Preslav, but containing a sufficient number of credible elements to link it with the current appearance of Tarnovo at that time. The landscape consists fortress walls that look like those of Tsarevets and Trapezitsa and several large buildings, one of which resembles the Usta Kolyo Ficheto’s Konak. Tree Bulgarian national flags placed on decorated pillars crown the whole composition and remind of the Tarnovo Constitution, turning the image to a memoir of the spirit of that time. Although the icon was mentioned by Asen Vasiliev it has not been studied in details yet. Here it will be presented in the context of the iconography of St. Cyril and Methodius typical of Nikola Vassilev whose favorite storyline is the pictures of the Brothers.
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The publication examines the use of personal seals during the Bulgarian National Revival in the Middle Rhodopes. The specificity in the graphic layout of the inscriptions on the stamps is shown. The spelling patterns of the anthroponyms are presented. The symbolism included in the inscriptions is described and characterized.
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The Metropolitan Symeon of Varna and Preslav worldly known as Odysseas Papanikolaou (1841–1937) is one of the representatives of the Bulgarian renaissance culture who authored work in Greek. From the literary heritage of Metropolitan Symeon, have been preserved works in Greek from the time of his studies at the Holy Theological School of the island of Halki. This present communication addresses these passages as a source of linguistic features and personal style of the author.
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This article studies the reasons for the emergence and development of the Mahjar literature in the historical context of the United States from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. The creation of communities to support the Arab and national spirit and culture and many other organizations, whose primary purpose is to preserve the language, religion, and culture of Arab immigrants is considered as well. The role of periodicals, which play a central role in the development of the Mahjar literature is also pointed out. The migrant writers operated in more organized way through the literary communities that they had established during that time. These literary societies established both in the USA played a significant role in the development and promotion of the Arab literature in the West.
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The current research paper examines the issue, related to the development of education in Sliven during the period of the Bulgarian Revival until the First World War. The topic is very broad encompasses a large timeframe and includes a number of events and processes. Particularly, it traces the creation, the school construction and the personalities, who have contributed to the rise of high-level education. The study begins with the development of the first schools in Sliven during the 19th century. An emphasis is put on the spread of girls' education, the establishment of boys’ and girls’ high schools as well as on the first vocational school. Traced is the activity of the church and city’s municipalities. Briefly examined are facts about notable teachers, involved in the education of the city during this period. There have been used multiple resources, aiming to give a clearer picture and accuracy about the education in Sliven within the period considered.
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The unstable economic situation with frequent financial crises in developed European countries, years of crop failure, and famine among the lower classes, a widespread dissatisfaction with the political situation, the strengthening of national movements, and the spread of liberal ideas created fertile ground for a new wave of unrests in Europe. The first revolutionary sparks ignited in January 1848 in Palermo, and in February in Paris. In the following weeks, they escalated into a revolutionary fire that engulfed much of Europe. The revolutionary turmoil was especially strong in France, the German and Italian lands, and in the Austrian Empire. Different social strata took part in the revolutionary movements, and their core consisted of the citizenry, craftsmen and merchants, workers and peasants, students, and in some places the nobility (for example, the petty and middle nobility in Hungary). Therefore, their goals were also different. Nevertheless, in most countries the main goals of revolutionary movements imbued with liberal and national spirit were the enactment of a constitution (except in France, which had one), i.e. the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, electoral reforms, expansion of the suffrage, abolition of the feudal order (in the countries east of the Elbe, which still had it), introduction of civil rights and freedoms, and creation of unified nation-states.
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Me ardhjen e osmanllinjve, në Ballkan ndryshuan shumë gjëra, ata sollën edhe fenë e tyre - islamin, që për popujt e Ballkanit ishte diçka krejt tjetër. Pra, përhapja e fesë së pushtuesve në vendet ballkanike me kohë mori hov të madh e sidomos tek shqiptarët. Ndonjëherë islamizmi pranohej sipërfaqësisht nga kryefamiljari e më vonë edhe nga meshkujt tjerë të rritur të familjes (por jo nga femrat - gratë), të cilët para pushtetit osman do të njihen me emra të rinj myslimanë për t’u paraqitur para pushtuesit si myslimanë për shkaqe tatimore, kurse në rrethet familjare fshehurazi ishin krejtësisht të krishterë sikur të gjithë të krishterët e tjerë.
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Die deutschen Entlehnungen in der albanischen Sprache sind einer der wichtigsten Belege deutsch-albanischer Kulturbeziehungen von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Hier werden nur die wichtigsten historischen Berührungspunkte seit dem Mittelalter kurz erwähnt.
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Shqiptarët e Rumanisë janë një pakicë etnike që, sipas përfundimeve të regjistrimit të popullsisë të vitit 2002, numuron 520 vetë. Por shifra e vërtetë e tyre besohet të jetë rreth 10.000. Kjo mospërputhje lidhet me faktin që jo pak shqiptarë etnikë vetëdeklarohen rumunë. Afro gjysma e tyre banojnë në qendra të rëndësishme urbane, si: Timishoara, Jash, Konstancë dhe Kluzh-Napoka. Shumica janë të krishterë ortodoksë, të ardhur gjatë shekujve nga Jugu i Shqipërisë, kryesisht nga Korça, por ka edhe myslimanë, kryesisht në Dobruxhë, në rrethinat e portit të Konstancës.
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