Мека и Медина в българския османски архив

Author(s): Slavka Draganova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents in analytical way to Fund of the Ottoman documents about Mecca and Medina, kept in the collections of Oriental Department of the National Library "St St Cyril and Methodius". The documents are grouped in six main sections according to their content. The author presents in annotated form multiple documents of that fund. The paper includes an annex of the inventory of documents from fund Hijaz (Arabia).

Идеята за създаване на исляхханетата и тяхната мрежа през 60-тр - 70-те години на XIX век

Author(s): Margarita Dobreva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Throughout the 15th-18th centuries the Jews, the Christians and the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire paid significant attention to the orphans' and poor children's relief. However, none of the Sultan's subjects set up an orphanage. The children in need were raised as fosterlings. Many extramartial infants were abandoned. If the abandoned children survived until 4 years of age, they entered the gangs. From 1839 onward the Ottoman officials considered the socialization of the orphans, pauper children and delinquents as an essential state affair. As early as 1860s they endeavored to set up industrial or reform schools. The paper of the author focuses on the very idea to establish such schools and casta light on their network in the Ottoman Empire. It summarizes the hypotheses for their origin; the available information about some West European models of social assistance for the children in need; the Ottoman initiative to train orphans, pauper children and delinquents; the role of Midhat Pasha; the origin of the term "islahhane"; the mutual rhetoric and rules of the Belgian and Ottoman reform schools. It advances the suggestion that the islahhanes or the industrial schools embodied the Ottoman attempt effecitvely to manage the periodically increasing number of the children in need. Perhaps the initiative combined the "domestic" model of the Catholic boarding schools, this one of the reform schools run by the Belgian government and the religious imperative for the orphans' and pauper children's socialization. While serving as a provincial governor, in 1863-1866 Midhat Pasha sought to carry out the actual state attempt. From 1867-1868 onward the project was developed by other provincial governors, as well.

Аптечното дело в България през втората половина на XIX век в документалното наследство на унгарския аптекар Георги Силаги

Author(s): Penka Peykova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Information on the 19th century history of pharmacy in Bulgaria is too scarce. Present publication includes documents for the development of pharmacy in Bulgaria from the documentary heritage of the Hungarian chemist Gyorgy Szilagyi, kept in the Bulgarian Historical Archive at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library. Gyorgy Szilagyi's pharmacy existed for a period of eighty years, during which rich archival material accumulated. It is unique as a historical source for the development of pharmacy in Bulgaria, because it highlights the many-sided aspects of a foregn pharmacist's professional activities. Part of Gt. Szilagyi's archival fond are letters from his friends, acquaintances and colleagues that contain information on the fate of Hungarian and foreign pharmacists; they also reveal interesting facts about the relationship between Gy. Szilagui and his colleagues (local doctors and pharmacists) and clients as well. Another part of the fond is the documentation to the half-century-old activity of his pharmacy.

Непубликувани предмети на въоръжението, конското снаряжение и бита от с. Марково, Шуменско

Author(s): Stojan Vitljanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents part of a hoard containing items of armaments, horse trappings and everyday objects discovered accidentally on the land of the village of Markovo, Shumen region. While inspecting the site of the discovery on the surface the author came across an array of heavily decayed iron items from tools, cattle-breeding equipment, animal bones as well as some fragments of building ceramics and pots of engraved linear decoration and polished strips from the VIII-th - X-th c. The Old Bulgarian signs engraved on some of them refer to the same period and have numerous analogies from Pliska, Madara and Preslav. Then the author assumed that a medieval settlement probably existed in the site of the discovery or the objects fell there by obscure circumstances most probably from the nearby large but insufficiently studied Hambarluk fortress from late Antiquity and the Middle Ages which came into existence in the V-th - Vi-th centuries and continued existing until the XIV-th c. The published materials by analogies fall withing the chronological boundaries of the early Bulgarian Middle Ages and specifically in the mid-X-th - late XI-th centuries.

Църква "Св. Никола" в с. Гинци

Author(s): Zdravka Kosturkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The village of Gintsi is located in Western Bulgaria, at the foothills of the Western Balkan Range and at about 50 km of Sofia. Once a road connecting Moesia and the river Danube with Sardica and Macedonia used to pass through the village. There were also fortifications around it, as evidenced by the toponym "Kaleto", relevant to two elevations at both sides of the route to Petrohan pass. According to a record dated from 1490, the village had an entirely Christian population, as did the entire area in the vicinity of Sofia. A Turkish register shows that the church in the village, that can be dated from the Middle Ages, continued to exist. According to its plan, the St. Nicholas of Myra belongs to the most widespread type of churches in Bulgarian lands in the Middle Ages and the National Revival, the single-naved basilica. The church has a semi-circular central apse inside and out, a naos and a narthex (added later). The entrance is one from the west, through the narthex into the naos. It has a barrel vault and has a gable roof with wooden casing and tiles, completely in the style of West Bulgarian single-naved churches in the period from the end of the 12-th to the 19-th century. The building technique is traditional for West Bulgarian lands. The material used was hewn and river stone, joint with white mortar. The church was decorated with murals. There were three distinctive period of decoration, with almost nothing remaining from the first murals. The murals are in three artistic layers.

"Скорозрейно" и "нетрайно" ли е българското развитие?

Author(s): Hristo Matanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper analyses the critically well-known thesis of Prof. Peter Moutafchiev about the raises and falls in Bulgaria's development. We know that, counting the studies of the Russian scholar Alexander Hilferding, Prof. Moutafchiev came to the conclusion that Bulgaria's development was erratic and did not have periods of "peace" - everything featured rapid progress and equally rapid decline and crises. The Bulgarian scholar cited Serbia as an example of slower for more regular progrss. The author attempts to question the general validity of this opinion. First of all, it was dedicated by the historical period in which Prof. Moutafchiev lived and worked. Then Bulgarian history itself was transmitted under the influence of the notion that it consisted of a series of successes and failures. Serbia could hardly be a comparison factor as the main sources about its development are the vitas of its rulers written by their sons and close relatives. Third, there are hardly societies and countries on a European or world scale that have not been subject to the "historical sine" of which Moutafchiev speaks. The author of the article appeals for abandoning the romantic approach in reconstructing the Bulgarian past, which demands rapid events with a fatal outcome. Instead, he offers a narration based on Fernand Braudel's idea of continuity and longue duree.

САЩ, 1865: Робството е мъртво! Да живее робството!

Author(s): Simeon Simeonov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study focuses on the problem of 'master-slave' relations in Modern Times. Analysing the ideology of slave ownership in the United States, the author puts forward the arguments about the continuity of the 'master' attitude in the conditions of the liberal democratic West.

Религиозен живот в Източна Румелия

Author(s): Stanislav Boyanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Eastern Roumelia received its fundamental law drafted by a specially European commission. It is quite a detailed document providing for all aspects of life of the Roumeli citizens. The Organic Statute of Eastern Roumelia defined the new political formation in the Balkans as a state of modern (for that time) bourgeois-liberal type. It had all the features of and independant state: its own government, a representative authority elected by the people and a national army. The sovereignty of the sultan was included in the Statute, but thanks to the efforts of Eastern Roumeli political figures, it soon became nominal, without any serious power in the region. Unlike the neighboring countries (the Ottoman Empire, the Principality of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Romania) there was no legalized and preferred religion in Eastern Roumelia. All religious issues were placed in the hands of the religious communities and the state did not involve itself with them. The only condition was that they should not violate any of the laws valid to the region.

Идеята за славянско единство във възгледите и дейността на Стефан Савов Бобчев

Author(s): Dimitar Sazdov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Stefan S. Dobchev was a noted Bulgarian public figure, scholar and statesman. Even in his early years he established contacts with the Russian Slavic societies. At the end of the 19-th century and the beginning of the 20-th century, when the blocks in the future world war were formed, he became an active participant in the movement for unity of Slav peoples. The idea was that they should not be placed in a confronting position in the world military conflict that that was forming. Stefan Bobchev was one of the active organizers of the Slavic associations of the intelligentsia and other such estates. Stefan Bobchev stood out as an active organizer and political figure in the field of the struggle for Slavic unity. Until the end of his life, he remained a firm believer in the unity of Slav peoples.

Надгробен надпис в чест на шейх

Author(s): Katerina Venedikova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The author makes a short review of publications of Arabic Ottoman inscription in honour of a sheikh. The paper provides a facsimile, a deciphered text transcribed in Latin, a translation in Bulgarian and coments on the monument. The inscription shows that there were members of the Qadiri tariqa (Sufi order) in the 18th century in Plovdiv and maybe that there was a tekke of this brotherhood.

„…nálunk most es a Templomban a nyelvünk tiltva vann.” A moldvai csángók magyar nyelvű hitéletének története és jelene

Author(s): László Diószegi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A szentföldi konfliktus – világrendszer-szemléletben

Author(s): Győző Lugosi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Magyar hozzájárulás a Habsburg állam költségvetéséhez

Author(s): Ferenc Szávai / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

1898. 25 години от обесването на Левски: юбилей и преса

Author(s): Elena Getova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.

Perspektywa badawcza w pracy nad kazaniami 2. połowy XIX wieku

Author(s): Renata Bizior / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents perspectives adopted in research related to linguistics studies dedicated to Polish old catholic sermons, mainly preached in 19th century. First part of this paper presents characteristics of newer linguistic research carried on basis of sermons in 19th century in comparison to sermons preached prior to this period. In second part the author discusses the perspective of research that she have adopted during own research on sermons created and published in second half of 19th century. The author considers as the most crucial reference the concept of historical and linguistic, also communicative idea developed by Stanisław Borowski that has been associated with category of communicative community as well as its bonding and shaping communicative processes. Equally important to author’s research is generic perspective, which allows to describe meaning and function of religious statement genre, such as sermon, in order to realize communicative needs of religious communicative community. Direction of research within this area is based mainly on the concept of genres created by Maria Wojtak and Bożena Witosz, especially assumptions of historical genology. Another point of view, allowing to discover interesting possibilities of analysis, brings consideration of historical, cultural and social realities that accompanied creating and functioning of preaching texts. Last part presents sample lingual analysis of hell’s image, in which it is including delineated research perspectives. The paper discusses assortment criterion in analyzing preaching texts that are believed to guarantee representativeness of research material.

Oświęcim i ziemia oświęcimska na dawnych mapach

Author(s): Marta Piber-Zbieranowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Volume I of the monograph of Oświęcim contains a presentation of the history of the surrounding land and an analysis of cultural aspects of the city's functioning. At first the authors analyze changes in the boundaries and routes, and route names from the earliest times to the present, and then show the political history of the region, which repeatedly changed its national, administrative and diocesan affiliation. The second part of the volume discusses the development of architecture and art. in Oświęcim, including the most important monuments and silhouettes of the most eminent artists, as well as the development of education. Also, prominent figures from Oświęcim were presented. The volume closes with a calendar of the city's history.

Oświęcim i ziemia oświęcimska w niepodległej Polsce 1918–1939

Author(s): Joanna Januszewska-Jurkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Volume I of the monograph of Oświęcim contains a presentation of the history of the surrounding land and an analysis of cultural aspects of the city's functioning. At first the authors analyze changes in the boundaries and routes, and route names from the earliest times to the present, and then show the political history of the region, which repeatedly changed its national, administrative and diocesan affiliation. The second part of the volume discusses the development of architecture and art. in Oświęcim, including the most important monuments and silhouettes of the most eminent artists, as well as the development of education. Also, prominent figures from Oświęcim were presented. The volume closes with a calendar of the city's history.

Czas wojny 1939–1945

Author(s): Sylwester Fertacz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Volume I of the monograph of Oświęcim contains a presentation of the history of the surrounding land and an analysis of cultural aspects of the city's functioning. At first the authors analyze changes in the boundaries and routes, and route names from the earliest times to the present, and then show the political history of the region, which repeatedly changed its national, administrative and diocesan affiliation. The second part of the volume discusses the development of architecture and art. in Oświęcim, including the most important monuments and silhouettes of the most eminent artists, as well as the development of education. Also, prominent figures from Oświęcim were presented. The volume closes with a calendar of the city's history.

W Polsce Ludowej do 1956 roku

Author(s): Kazimierz Miroszewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Volume I of the monograph of Oświęcim contains a presentation of the history of the surrounding land and an analysis of cultural aspects of the city's functioning. At first the authors analyze changes in the boundaries and routes, and route names from the earliest times to the present, and then show the political history of the region, which repeatedly changed its national, administrative and diocesan affiliation. The second part of the volume discusses the development of architecture and art. in Oświęcim, including the most important monuments and silhouettes of the most eminent artists, as well as the development of education. Also, prominent figures from Oświęcim were presented. The volume closes with a calendar of the city's history.

Engels — leksikografska bilješka

Author(s): Miroslav Artić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to examine how Friedrich Engels was assessed in encyclopedias, professional lexicons and philosophy textbooks at the time when Croatia was a constitutive part of the former Yugoslavia. The methodological basis for the perception of Engels in Croatia is positioned within the framework of a predetermined concept according to which socialist culture was to be built in Yugoslavia, in all its parts, in the spirit of the ‘socialist worldview’ asserting ‘socialist values’. (Viskovic 2001). The aim of this paper is to evaluate this specific political and cultural period, marked by systematic attempts to create a comprehensive encyclopedic knowledge that would shape and finally define the dominant cultural and political sign empowered by Engels’ work. At the same time, its symbolic power had the task of illuminating the direction for the construction of complex Yugoslav socialist culture. This is only a sketch, but also an incentive for a more complex research of this unique conceptual project on the construction of socialist culture.