İNGİLİZ ARŞİV BELGELERİYLE KARADAĞ’IN OSMANLI HÂKİMİYETİ İÇİNDEKİ YERİ

Author(s): İbrahim Yilmazçelik,Ali Gökçen Özdem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 63-64/2014

As its strategic location, geography and economy were not given so much importance, Montenegro, under the realms of Otoman Empire following 1496, was not taken into consideration and interfered in its social life as long as it paid its taxes regulary. The position of Montenegro in Ottoman Empire was begun to be discussed in parallel with the transition from tribal life to govermental life and the rebellions aimed politically. Following the beginning of XIX. century, the issue of Montenegro turned out to be an important problem, this issue was discussed in many Congress. Despite not given importance even by historians, the examine of the problem of sovereignty Montenegro which was brought out at every opportunity and carried the international stage will be discussed from time to time. This issue will be examined by using Ottoman archive and British archive sources. Archives which obtained from Foreign Office Archive in London will be put as Annexes.

MISIJA AHMED DŽEVDET-EFENDIJE U BOSANSKOM EJALETU 1863. i 1864. GODINE

Author(s): Adnan Velagić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 63-64/2014

Krajem XVIII i početkom XIX stoljeća Osmansko carstvo je bilo opterećeno mnogim unutrašnjim i spoljnim problemima. Na unutrašnjem planu bilo je više destabilizirajućih izvora. Janjičari su se od zaštitnika prijestolja pretvorili u osnovni izvor nestabilnosti. Oni su smjenjivali i ubijali reformski opredjeljene sultane, te destabilizirali esnaf, baveći se nezakonitom trgovinom i zanatstvom. Vojnu nemoć janjičara koristile su bande krdžalija, koje su često napadale i pljačkale stanovništvo u varošima. Također, i spahije su bile retrogradni elementi. Svaki pokušaj reformi oni su odbijali nastojeći da zadrže privilegije. Ovaj društveni sloj bio je toliko ojačao da su sultani morali voditi pravi rat protiv pobunjenih spahija u pojedinim provincijama. Na spoljnom planu, Osmansko carstvo je bilo opterećeno teškim ratom protiv Habsburške monarhije i Rusije (1788-1791).

BERLİN ANTLAŞMASINDAN SONRA MÜSLÜMANLARIN KARADAĞDA KALAN ARAZİLERİ MESELESİ

Author(s): Zübeyde Güneş Yağci / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 63-64/2014

Osmanlı Devleti, bir Balkan Devleti olarak gelişmesini idame ettirdi. Devletin kurulduğu ilk zamanlardan itibaren temel hedeflerden bir tanesi yine devletin kuruluşunun temel taşlarından biri olan gaza ideolojisinin gerçekleştirebileceği bir alan olan Balkanları ele geçirmekti. Bu manevi katkının yanı sıra Balkanlara doğru yayılma politikası izleyen Osmanlı Devleti için Balkanların güvenliği devletin güvenliği ve muhafazası ile eşdeğerdi. Ayrıca Balkanlarda üretilen tarımsal ve hayvansal ürünler, Edirne, Bursa ve İstanbul gibi büyük şehirlerin iaşesi için vazgeçilmez olduğu kadar ordunun ve sarayın ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması açısından da elzemdi. Bütün bunlara ilaveten zengin Balkan toprakları devlet hazinesinin önemli gelir kaynakları arasında yer almaktaydı. Buna Avrupa’da meydana gelen teknolojik gelişmeler ve fikirlerin Balkanlar yoluyla Osmanlı Devleti’ne girdiğini ilave etmek gerekmektedir. 1390’larda silah yapım teknolojisinin Raguza Cumhuriyeti üzerinden Osmanlı Devleti’ne girdiğini burada misal olarak gösterebiliriz. Bu durum XIX. yüzyılda bile kendini göstermektedir ki, Aydınlanma Çağı fikirleri, Fransız ihtilalinden sonra ortaya çıkan milliyetçilik akımı yine önce Balkanlar’da kendini göstermiştir.

Отварање рудника Самоков и Мајданпек 1691. године

Author(s): Srđan Katić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 27/2006

Закуп риболова дунавске моруне у XVI веку

Author(s): Dragana Amedoski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 27/2006

Osmanlı Arkeolojisinin Tarihi: Arkeologların Kazmadığı Topraklar

Author(s): Filiz Tütüncü Çağlar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The history of Ottoman archaeology is yet to be written. The existing scholarship is lacking an exhaustive account on the subject and is in need of a critical outlook to the current discourse. There is ample literature taken into account by Turkish historians on the history of the Ottoman Imperial Museum (Müze-i Hümayun) with a particular focus on the period following Osman Hamdi Bey’s appointment as director of the museum in 1881. Turkish archaeologists, on the other hand, have remained remote to the early history of archaeology prior to the Republican era due to practical and ideological reasons. As a result, the field has been dominated by historians, whose approaches and areas of interest greatly differ from those of archaeologists. The concentration of historiographical interest on Osman Hamdi Bey and his role in the protection of antiquities lying in the Ottoman territory has overshadowed the merits and contributions of other pioneering figures in the field, most of whom with more in-depth knowledge and substantial technical expertise on archaeology. This paper aims to draw attention to the major issues prevalent in the Turkish historiography of Ottoman archaeology and calls for expanding the sources and areas of study in the field. Writing the disciplinary history of archaeology in Turkey is not an easy task; it requires language skills – the majority of the archival sources are in Ottoman Turkish, familiarity with historical methodology as well as a good understanding of archaeological method and theory. Thus, it is essential to engage archaeologists in the field and integrate different strands of evidence obtained from both literary and archaeological sources in order to produce an accurate narrative of the history of Ottoman archaeology.

Bir Rahibin Kaleminden Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın Sarrafı Manuk Mirzayan Bey

Author(s): Silvart Malhasyan,Aysel Yıldız / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

FIKIH TARİHİ BAĞLAMINDA OSMANLI TECRÜBESİNİ DOĞRU ANLAMAK

Author(s): Süleyman KAYA / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2016

Some mistakes are seen in the studies regarding Ottoman legal history. In this work, we discussed some issues that we see as reasons for these mistakes such as omission of tradition of al-‘ilm(science), ignorance of the distinction of absolute legal reasoning-madhhabilegal reasoning, counting literature of Hanafi fiqh as uniform, degradation of fiqh into law, ignorance of the positive law, lack of studies on Ottoman ilmiyyah (the religious scholars class) system, absence of knowledge of historical background, the discourse of fanaticism of madhhab (school of law), ideological periodization and the rhetoric of decline.

MJERILO/KRITERIJ ISTINE

Author(s): KÂTIB ÇELEBÌ / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 28/2006

Mîzânu l-úaqq fî iþtiyâri laúaqq (Mjerilo Istine u izboru najistinitijeg) od autora HADŽDŽI HALÌFE ( ili KÂTIBA ÇELEBÌJA), završeno je u novembru 1656. godine u Istanbulu. Predstavlja sažet odgovor o zamršenim vjerskim problemima o kojima se raspravljalo tokom XVII stoljeća u Istanbulu i u Osmanskoj imperiji. HADŽDŽI HALÌFA (KÂTIB ÇELEBÌ) je živo pratio tu žučnim raspravama pocijepanu scenu i svojim djelom Mîzânu l-úaqq fî iþtiyâri l-aúaqq dao svoj doprinos razumnom i umjerenom prosuđivanju o pitanjima zbog kojih su fanatične grupe njegova vremena napadale tekije i džamije i međuse se ubijale.

Andrićevstvo, turkofilija, turkofobija

Author(s): Ivan Lovrenović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 95/2017

Mislilo se do sada da je o Ivi Andriću čaršija „znala“ sve: za hrvatsko-katoličku bio je nacionalni prebjeg i vjerski konvertit, posrbica i prodana duša, za građansku srpsku – fra Ivan-beg, politički suncokret koji je iznevjerio kralja i monarhiju, a za pun tanjur i miran život prihvatio Tita i komuniste; za bošnjačko-muslimansku – mrzitelj islama, Bosne i muslimana. Još koješta se nadodavalo. Neki su mudri hrvatski književni povjesničari pouzdano znali da je fratarsko kopile, bošnjački znalci su ih korigirali: ne, no je begovsko pa mu otuda genijalnost, a osim toga napisao je po naredbi Udbe roman Derviš i smrt, to kukavičje jaje koje je morao potpisati Meša Selimović da bi muslimani lakše progutali prijevaru (vidi: Lažni pisac Meša Selimović, na www.ivanlovrenovic.com). A u svim čaršijama jednako se „znalo“ i da je bio beskrupulozni erotoman, mizantrop, škrtac, itd.

Институција апелације у правном систему Османског царства током транзиционог периода

Author(s): Miroslav Pavlović,Ognjen Ž. Krešić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 154/2016

The institution of appellation represented one of the basic principles of the organization of the Ottoman Empire, as well as one of the principal institutions of the Islamic legal system. It was based on the concept of a just rule, or in other words, the principles of legal security and universal access to justice for all subjects of a state. The decentralization process in the Ottoman Empire during the transitional period (XVII–XVIII centuries) caused a change in the relations between center and periphery. That stirred an abrupt expansion of the institution of appellation through the şikâyet (or ahkâm) administration, especially after 1742. This paper attempts to analyze the process of expansion of the institution of appellation and its real role in the Ottoman legal system. On the other hand, the goal of the research is also to position it inside the framework of the provincial proto-political struggles.

DARU-L-FUNUN

Author(s): Kemal Bašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2003

The founding of Daru-l-funun, the first University in the Ottoman state, was not exactly smooth or fast process. The role this University played was not limited to the Ottoman Empire since its influence was seen much farther like for example in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lecturers at Daru-l-funun were some distinguished names. Some of those lecturers were from Bosnia and Herzegovina, such as Ali Fehmi Džabić. At the same time, many well-resc spected Bosnians have also attended this University. Some of them are Mehmed Džemaludin Čušević, Hidajet Kulenović and others. Daru-l-funun has shown to have the greatest influence in the field of education as well as in some other fields. Daru-l-funun is even today a topic of many researchers who still have a lot to say about it.

OTOMANSKA OPSESIJA

Author(s): Bernard Lewis / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 9/2002

U Londonu je 1603. godine izdata The Generalle Historie of the Turkes, obimno djelo sa više od šest stotina listova. Bez dvojbe prva knjiga štampana u engleskoj sa temom o Turcima i evropskim nastojanjima da zaustave njihovo napredovanje bila je ujedno i prvi pokušaj sagledavanja opće historije.

AKTUELNA TERMINOLOŠKA PROBLEMATIKA U IZUČAVANJU OSMANSKOG PERIODA HISTORIJE BOSNEIHERCEGOVINE

Author(s): Ramiza Smajić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2001

Without adequate use of definition of the terms in treating the Ottoman period of the Bosnian history, we cannot achieve their true perception. Definitely, the most present terminological problem is the anachronism of the adjectives turski (Turkish) and osmanski (Ottoman). While some authors have an innocent inclination towards such a fairly leisurely practice, others will give, through an exclusive use of the wrong term, a stamp of narrowly nationalistic state to an universal Ottoman state, a state of the Turks, Bosniacs, Albanians and others.

EDİRNE VİLAYETİ ÖRNEĞİNDE OSMANLI HAPİSHANESİ ÇALIŞANLARI

Author(s): Kurtuluş Demirkol / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

The subject of this article is to examine the prison staff and especially prison guards of the Edirne province by taking the Ottoman prison staff into consideration. The article attempts to emphasize the importance of the need of professional staff for a successful institutionalization in addition to required finance. To do this, it analyzes the Ottoman prison staff by taking the Edirne province as a case. In this respect, it argues that in order to establish a successful institution, making regulations pertaining to staff must be given priority in addition to supplying required finance.

Савремена Историографија и Тумачење Настанка Османске Државе

Author(s): Aleksandar Jakovljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 53/2006

Although not equally treated, modern historiography offers several different theories about the origin of the Ottoman Empire. The most predominant is P. Wittek’s so-called ghazi-theory. It states that the Ottoman Empire established itself on the idea of Holy War (jihad) against Christians. This theory is still widely acknowledged, although historical critique showed that its basis is not in accordance with historical facts. The intent of this article is to summarize the development and problems of modern historiography regarding the origins of the Ottoman Empire, with special regard to the ghazi-theory. Having analyzed the most important scientific literature, it has been shown in this article that this theory is still the most predominant, and that the results of historical critique are not properly used. Although the question of the origin of the Ottoman Empire is still left open, modern historiography has detached itself from the theoretical approach and returned to the analyzing of historical sources.

Ajanske borbe u Mostaru do 1833. godine (odlomak)

Author(s): Muhamed Hadžijahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2006

Odlomak iz rukopisa “Ajanske borbe u Mostaru do 1833. godine” koji je pronađen u biblioteci Sadika Šehića među knjigama i rukopisima njegovog rahm. oca Huseina. Koliko se zna, rad pod navedenim naslovom do sada je objavljen samo u jednom njemačkom časopisu u Minhenu pod naslovom “Die Kämpfe der Ajane in Mostar bis zum Jahre 1833.”, Südost-Forschungen, XXVIII, München, 1968., 123 – 181; zahvaljujemo gospodinu Sadiku Šehiću iz Gradačca, koji nam je omogućio da ovaj odlomak objavimo u izvornom obliku.

Sahat-kula – reprezentativni kulturno-historijski spomenik grada Gračanice iz osmanskog vremena

Author(s): Mirsad Omerčić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2006

Još u starom vijeku ljudi su osjetili potrebu da mjere dnevno vrijeme. Babilonski sveštenici, koji su bili dobro upućeni u znanja iz oblasti astronomije, podijelili su dan na 12 sati, a svaki sat na 30 minuta1. Noću su mjerili vrijeme pomoću kretanja zvijezda. Izum Babilonaca je i sunčani sat koji je nastao oko 640. godine p.n.e. Nešto kasnije, pronađeni su i pješčani i vodeni satovi koji su se koristili i nakon pronalaska mehaničkog sata. Mehanički satovi se javljaju u Srednjem vijeku i to najprije na tornjevima. Od 11. vijeka grade se ure ili časovnici koji otkucavaju satove. Kasnije se javljaju i stoni satovi.

Nekoliko dokumenata i rukopisa iz biblioteke hfz. Ibrahima ef. Mehinagića iz Gračanice

Author(s): Nedim Zahirović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 20/2005

HAFIZ IBRAHIM ef. Mehinagić rođen je 11. 3. 1894. godine u Prnjavoru. Školovanje je započeo u Osman-kapetanovoj medresi u Gračanici, nastavio u Istanbulu, a dovršio u Sarajevu, gdje je 1918/19. godine diplomirao na Šerijatskoj sudačkoj školi. Službovao je u Zvorniku, Tuzli i Gračanici. Umro je 30. 7. 1976. godine u Gračanici. Biblioteku Ibrahim-efendije počeo je stvarati još ranije njegov otac Arif Hikmet ef. Jedan dio rukopisa i dokumenata iz te biblioteke danas se nalazi u raznim institucijama, kao što je Orijentalni institut (Sarajevo), Narodna i univerzitetska biblioteka (Sarajevo), Filozofski fakultet (Sarajevo), Arhiv grada Sarajeva, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti (Zagreb).

Градот Скопје и османлиска Македонија низ две парадигми на еден автор

Author(s): Makedonka Mitrova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1/2017

The two studies by Stojan Novakovic that are analysed in this article refer to Skopje, but they also cover some aspects of the socio-political life in Ottoman Macedonia. The first study titled: “From Morava to Vardar” (S Morave na Vardar) was written by Novakovic in 1886, while the second one titled “Two Days in Skopje (Dva dana u Skoplje) in 1905. The need of a comparative analysis of these two studies emerges on its own if one take into consideration that they treat the same topic, but in time difference of almost two decades from the time they were written and published. The first study carries features of a geographical-anthropological essay, while in the second one the author’s historical-political discourse on Skopje (and further on the Ottoman Macedonia) dominates.