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The goal of the paper is to denote the fundamental questions and problems of the (anthropological) interpretation of post socialism, commencing from its initial moment, that is, the identification of the event that indicates the establishment of transition as a social, political and cultural process. After assessing the circumstances of interpreting transition as a change of a global nature, particular consideration will be focused upon the local: how, principally in the Croatian social and humanist sciences, the question of "shift" is being reproduced considering the idiosyncrasies of the Yugoslav socialism.
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Unlike other transitional milieus, countries of the former Yugoslavia have had contact with privately owned business in their pre transitional period, i.e. in the era that preceded their economic, social and cultural transformation into capitalism. Private entrepreneurs in Serbia have always had a unique status from a legal, social, and culturally cognitive position. In the essay, preconditions and motives, through a cultural conceptualization viewpoint, are discussed.
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The process of privatization, in other words the transformation of the former state owned, into private property, represents an element of the "transitional package" that brings about expectations of procurement for the ex-socialist societies into a state of "new economic normality" that is, in today’s societies and economy, represented by liberal capitalism. In the examination and analysis of the privatization through the economic, governing and expert milieus, this process is frequently situated in the context of economic and political study. In doing that, the investigation of the social and cultural implications of the process that stems from privatization representing not only a modification of the ownership structure, but a complex process in which there is an encounter of the different business and organizational cultures of "east" and " west", and through which they are subject to a reexamination and revision of some of the basic cultural categories, such as time, the idea of a person, concept of production, labor, as well as the questions of responsibility, freedom, creativity, independence, is recurrently being disregarded. From such a perspective, that is pursued by many anthropologists who deal with post-socialist countries, it comes about that privatization will foster, not only, a novel mode of ownership and a new breed of business, but primarily, a new category of social individuals, that are expected to epitomize the new economic and social order, in which they are successfully integrated, so as to reproduce it. In other words, the "disciplining" of the manufacturers, is intrinsically linked to the transformation of the logic of economy that is based upon the"independent consumer" that twists privatization into an ambiance in which questions of responsibility, choice, freedom and coercion, are discussed and negotiated. In this paper such queries will be inspected through a privatization of a local brewery in 2003, by a known, but not a leading world beer and beverage producer.
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The acknowledgement of post socialism as a specific culture that rose upon the remnants of the political and social system of Eastern Europe and Asia, was until the 90's, a marker of Western anthropological theory, as well as its ethnographic terrain. The proliferation of such a anthropological paradigm was frequently executed undermining the local practices. They were perceived as uninformed or nationalistic, and in the case of the Balkans, even indirectly responsible for the war and ethnic cleansing. Such denial of the local discourse, on the other hand has unlocked a contradiction through which it is perceived that the socijalist matrix was responsible for nationalism, even dough it was based upon class, and not a national identity. But such a paradox is a product of a more fundamental anthropological embeddedness in the Enlightenment etiquette that was built into the foundations of anthropology. Negation of the practices of others, and the introduction of "rational, better, more informed and advanced", is a precondition for the formation of the other in anthropology. Even if it seems that in the anthropology of post socialism we perceive a reinvention of such Enlightenment/colonial discourse, it can be exposed through the examples of the Dalmacija depiction by Albert Fortiss and Ivan Lovric that such development commenced long before, almost at the dawn of anthropology in Eastern Europe.
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One of the most important security problems observed in the post-Cold War international system is ethnic conflicts and ethnic conflicts. Ethnic identity have become one of the most interested issues after the Cold War. Kurdish issue in Turkey as population characteristics reaching beyond the borders, was focused on the PKK being a terrorist group and democratisation issues and developments in northern Iraq, with an increasing focus on values such as the protection of human rights and minorities, have become an important foreign policy issue.
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Description of structural Problems of the Serbian political System by Marko Nikezić, former member of the Yugoslav Central Committee of the League of Communists.With a detailed introductory chapter by Latinka Perović
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Despite the diplomatic, military and political defeat of the Greater Serbia project of Slobodan Milose-vic's regime, despite the fact that he is answering to the international tribunal today for crimes commit-ted in his conduct, crimes involving genocide in Bosnia, myths created by Milosevic's propaganda in an attempt to conceal their tracks, they survived in significant parts of the Serbian public to this day.
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1989 marked the beginning of a short but intense period of thorough geopolitical changes in the eastern part of Europe. The simultaneous weakening and liberalisation of the communist regime in the USSR led by Mikhail Gorbachev, the gradual limitation of Moscow’s economic and political support but also its shrinking control over the countries in the Soviet bloc and domestic political crises inside these countries led to a rapid downfall of the communist governments in Central-Eastern Europe. The military, economic and political structures of the Soviet bloc were dissolved within a timeframe of just two years, and the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist in December 1991, to be replaced with fifteen new independent states. The Russian Federation became the main successor to the USSR as it, albeit seriously weakened, inherited a large section of the Soviet empire’s resources and had to redefine its interests in the new post-Cold War European and global order that was being formed.
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Rok 1989 zapoczątkował krótki, ale intensywny okres głębokich zmian geopolitycznych we wschodniej części Europy. Jednoczesne osłabienie i liberalizacja reżimu komunistycznego w ZSRR pod przywództwem Michaiła Gorbaczowa, stopniowe ograniczanie wsparcia gospodarczego i politycznego, ale też kontroli Moskwy nad państwami bloku radzieckiego oraz wewnętrzne kryzysy polityczne w tych państwach doprowadziły do szybkiego upadku rządów komunistycznych w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. W ciągu dwóch lat zostały rozwiązane struktury wojskowe, gospodarcze i polityczne bloku radzieckiego, wreszcie w grudniu 1991 r. przestał istnieć sam Związek Radziecki, na miejscu którego powstało 15 nowych niepodległych państw. Głównym sukcesorem ZSRR stała się Federacja Rosyjska, która, choć poważnie osłabiona, odziedziczyła dużą część potencjału radzieckiego imperium i na nowo musiała zdefiniować swoje interesy w kształtującym się postzimnowojennym ładzie europejskim i globalnym.
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