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This article is about Ștefan Negrea's activity and work as a reputed biologist and scientific researcher. It contains the CV and the list of his publications.
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The academician Gleb Dragan presents a short curricula and the major acheievements of Nicolae Caranfil, a stonemark in the history of Romanian energetic industry.
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A central character of the 20th century, Nicolae Caranfil contributed significantly to the development of the exact sciences. He was an important electrical engineer and manager. He was also the remarkable manager of the gas works in Bucharest (1930). He wrote also inlightning pages during confusing times for the economy and social consciousness. He was the first Minister of the Air and Marine. He was an important intellectual. In the last 34 years of his life he was not allowed to return to Romania. He is buried in New York.
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In 1809, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) was publishing his Philosophia Zoologica. It was the fruit of a mature reflection on the natural history as it was known by his contemporaries, as well as of the acquiescence of the necessity for a new theory that would explain the increasing complexity of the organisation of the living matter as well as the speciation. Father of the evolutionism, than called transformism, and of the term of „biology”, Lamarck was time after time noticed, discarded and ignored for two hundred years. Never the less, some aspects of his theory are making a comeback, more fashionable than ever, highlighted by a new current in natural sciences and by breakethrough in epigenetics. An evolutionist ahead of his time and, most of all, before Darwin (The Origin of the Species will be published only in 1859), the man that was Lamarck deserves to be acknowledged for his assiduous and hard work, his discerning genius as well as for his survival as a scientist during the murky times of the French revolution.
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Joanna Helander, ur. 1948ɳ fotografka, reżyserka filmów dokumentalnych, reporterka i tłumaczka,ɳ w 1968 r., w trakcie studiów na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim, zostałaaresztowana za protest przeciwko inwazji wojsk Układu Warszawskiegona Czechosłowację,ɳ w 1971 r. wyemigrowała do Szwecji, gdzie w Göteborgu ukończyła studiafotograficzne...
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Wojciech Drzyżdżyk, ur. 1963ɳ absolwent studium optycznego i pedagogicznego,ɳ pracował jako optyk, nauczyciel rysunku i WF‑u w szkole podstawowejoraz nauczyciel w studium optycznym,ɳ fotografią zajmuje się od prawie 30 lat,ɳ w 2004 r. kupił pierwszy aparat cyfrowy i zyskał możliwość komputerowejobróbki zdjęć,ɳ używa „ciężkiego” sprzętu, zwłaszcza dużych obiektywów, aby jak najmniejzakłócać spokój bohaterom swoich zdjęć,ɳ jego fotografie opublikowane zostały w kilku książkach,ɳ swoje prace prezentował na dwóch wystawach indywidualnych i kilkuzbiorowych.
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In this paper, we try to modestly, but strictly, using a mathematical approach, show that life was createdwith a certain goal and that the possibility of accidental origin of life is equal to zero. To calculate theprobability of accidental creation of only one protein molecule, the basic building block of living systems,we selected a hemoglobin molecule that, because it is well studied, has become the standard for proteinresearch. For comparison, together with this calculation, we also made a calculation of the probability ofthe systematic stacking of chaotically scattered playing cards from a certain height on a certain surface, aprobability that is generally accepted as - improbably!
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Jean Baptiste Lamarck is the pioneer of the transformism theory through his famous work “Philosophia Zoologica”, published in 1809. He is the first man of science who put forward the idea concerning to species transformation influenced by environment conditions. Lamarck’s principles concerning to species transformation was not received as a successfully revelation especially because of the opposition of Georges Leopold Cuvier. After a period, the Evolutionary Theory of Darwin was been substantiated (1859), through the printed version of “Origin of Species”, an important book which successfully promoted this theory. In the same time, the transformism principles elaborated by J.B. Lamarck were being rediscovered. A new group of Neo-Lamarckian trends were initiated for the development of Lamarck’s ideas (Mechano-Lamarckism, Mnemysm, chemical Lamarckism, Ortho-Lamarckism). Although the transformism principles were not accepted by the Synthetic Theory of Evolution, there appeared some modern Neo Lamarckian trends which tried to highlight some of Lamarck’s principles of transformism.In our community, we try to analyze the paradox concerning the permanence of Lamarck’s theory until present day.
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Celebrating two centuries since the birth of the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, the first part of this paper presents briefly his origin, his childhood, his adolescence and his studies followed by an even shorter description of his journey around the world on the brig-sloop „Beagle” (27th of December 1831 – 2nd of October 1836) and the ulterior activity until his death. This continues with the summary of Darwin’s evolutionary conception and it ends with the enumerations of the postdarwinian evolutionist theories.
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Continuing the ideas of evolutionists (Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon) and of heredity theory (Jean Baptiste Lamarck), Charles Darwin succeeded enriching the causality fenomenon. He observed and demonstrated that all plant and animal species evolved in time from common ancestors, under the pressure of the natural selection. His observations, made during his 57 months long journey around the world, allowed him not only to define the evolution theory but also to understand the movement of the Earth’s mantle, the formation of the coral reef barrier and of the vulcanic islands. Based on the paleontological data he established the evolution of the beings to be made gradually and not saltatory. After the discovery of the genetic laws and especially of the population genetics in 1920, it was demonstrated that the mutations do not transform species. They offer basic elements on which natural selection works. During 1930–1940, anatomists, geneticians, paleontologists, ecologists and ethologists created the modern synthetic evolutionary theory according to which the new species appear due to the action of the natural selection on the gradual accumulations of mutations in isolated populations. After 1950, molecular genetics appeared, studying the proteic sequencies and it points out the gene’s importance in evolution. In 1977 the phylogenetic tree is redefined based on the genetic similarities and not only on the morphological resemblances. Therefore, by DNA sequencing and establishing molecular philogenies the life tree includes three sections: Eubacteria, Archaea and Eucariota. By sequencing the human genome it was established that man and chimpanzee had a common ancestor. Synthesis led to the restriction of the numerous currents in the evolutive thinking and the concept of panselection appeared as an acceptable evolutive mechanism in which macroevolution is considered only the result of the extensive microevolution. By the approaching of the cybernetic systems to those of the structuralist evolutionism the importance of the self-organisation processes revealed as factors which directed the path of evolution. Today, in order to understand the mechanisms of the biological evolution history, Darwin’s inferences are no longer necessary; they have been read in the genetic code. DNA confirms the evolution’s reality and shows the level where mutations are developping.
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In 1907 the Romanian astronomy had for the first time two major events: the first popular astronomical journal “Orion” was issued and the first Astronomical Society was founded, achievements at which a major contribution Victor Anestin had. We present the steps of Romanian Astronomical Society “Flammarion” fondation, give its statutes and its members list, their activity being reflected in the “Orion” journal issues (from 1907–1912), which was for while its bulletin. We give also a brief description of the content of this journal of wide up-to-date information about the sidereal environment, being focused on popular astronomy. Victor Anestin, the editor en chief of the journal, was in touch with the amateur astronomers, through it giving them assistance with advices and publishing in it their results. We mention also that the society and the journal were very appreciated in the epoch.
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The term of “Human being Aura” is generally utilized for defining the phenomenon known under many names, namely: “spiritual form”, “energy field”, “astral body”, “subtle form” and was made obvious through different technical and scientific means. The Aura with its beautiful spectrum of colors is a representation of past, present and future, representation that can be read and understood through knowledge. The authors Doina-Elena & Aliodor Manolea in the work “THE ENERGY AURA – manual for detecting and decoding the energy aura of the human being” offer a pertinent view on the concept of aura, a structural vision on a personal model describing the existence and dynamics of human aura. A complete and precise work, well organized, with exemplification of different aura visualisation and reading techniques, as well as means of maintaining the auric fields within normal limits. The authors are expressing their views based on personal observations gathered and verified during an extensive period of practice.
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As a matter of Scientific Ethics, the article presents the life and work of biologist George D. Vasiliu in the communist period between 1949, the year when he was arrested by the Securitate (the Secret Service of Communist Romania), and 1989, the year of his death, as well as the consequences his arrest had especially on his scientific career. The article also raises the issue of false cooperation, which he and other Romanian scientists in that time had to resort to in order to see their work published and the volumes signed by their real authors.
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The author recalls a sum of memories from 1941 to 1991 about the writer and historian Dumitru Almaş (1908–1995) – at 100 years from his birth.
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