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Articolul face referire la distrugerile suferite de biserici şi alte clădiri cu caracter religios din zona Bugeacului în anii celui de‑al Doilea Război Mondial. Ţinta studiului este stabilirea celor responsabili pentru distrugerile provocate pe durata conflictelor din regiune.
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Anul 1940 a marcat apogeul efectelor politicii dezas- truoase duse pe plan intern şi extern de către guvernele impuse de regele Carol al II-lea, începând cu 10 februarie 1938. Între 26 iunie şi 7 septembrie 1940, România s-a aflat la cheremul puterilor europene care hotărau, prin acţiuni politice, diplomatice şi militare, soarta unui continent scăpat de sub controlul democraţiilor lumii (SUA, Franţa, Marea Britanie), hipnotizate parcă de personalitatea şi acţiunea unor lideri ai forţelor extremiste, naziste, fasciste şi comuniste.
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Studiul de faţă are ca obiect de cercetare mediul intelectual din Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească (RSSM) în perioada anilor '50 – '80 ai secolului al XX-lea, văzut ca parte componentă a mediului intelectual din sistemul sovietic. Obiectivul urmărit este axat pe sublinierea transformărilor identitare de tip etnic şi social ale intelectualităţii din RSSM prin prisma constituirii şi evoluţiei sistemului totalitar de tip comunist, cu scopul de a evidenţia schimbările care au intervenit în acest grup social.
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Purpose: Identification of the connections between tenant participation in social housing and the theory of social capital and social sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: Critical analysis of Polish and foreign literature on tenant participation, social capital and social sustainability. The authors adapted various concepts of social capital as the theoretical basis. Findings: In the literature on the subject, two meanings of the term social sustainability may be distinguished – the so-called soft application of the term and a more “severe” one, which covers the issues of changing the balance of power and profound social changes. The authors have attempted to delineate the third perspective, putting forward a thesis that the most useful for research on social housing is Coleman’s concept of social capital, where social capital is related to the capital of an individual. In studies on the housing environment in the social housing stock, it is necessary to identify the social capital of residents in the context of the environment, i.e. housing estates, by examining the level of participation of tenants in the decision-making process. Originality and value: The concepts of tenant participation, social capital and social sustainability are frequent subjects of research. However, these terms are rarely combined, which determines the originality of the proposed approach. The study is of practical importance in relation to social housing, since increasing the social capital of tenants through their participation in the decision-making process is one of the steps towards overcoming the impasse in the field of social sustainability.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the purchasing power (housing affordability indicators) of young people (up to 35 years old) on the local housing market. Design/methodology/approach: The author has conducted a critical review of the literature on the economic situation of young people in terms of the possibility to meet their needs on the housing market. The author has taken into account the problems resulting from the situation of young people on the labour market and their housing preferences. Furthermore, the article also presents the situation on the local residential real estate market. Findings: Based on the results of the analysis of the situation of young people on the labour market, their income and the data illustrating the situation on the local residential real estate market, it may be concluded that dwellings in urban areas are relatively expensive, which means that only a small group of people can freely meet their housing needs. For most young people, buying a preferred dwelling becomes an overwhelming challenge. The indexes reflecting purchasing abilities may explain the choice of suburban locations as places of residence. Originality and value: Research concerning young people on the residential real estate market usually focuses on their needs and preferences. Additionally, it is indicated that young people constitute the largest age group among buyers. On the other hand, the media image of the residential real estate market focuses on growing prices and purchases, ignoring the difficult situation of many people under the age of 35. Therefore, the study attempts to fill this gap and indicates the need to discuss the consequences of the current state of affairs (e.g. limiting housing purchases, parents and adult children living together for long periods of time).
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the costs of maintaining a dwelling by retirees and disability pensioners compared to other households in the years 1993–2019. Design/methodology/approach: In order to determine the amount of housing costs for retirees and disability pensioners as well as for other households, the author has collected data on the costs between 1993 and 2019 based on the publication of the Central Statistical Office (now known as Statistics Poland) entitled “Budżety gospodarstw domowych” (Household budget survey). Findings: The costs related to the maintenance of a dwelling constitute the second largest group of expenses following consumption. The cost analysis in the period between 1993 and 2019 showed a constant increase in housing costs, with the largest group of costs being those related to heating. On the other hand, the highest cost growth dynamics was related to water expenditures. The housing expenditure of retirees and disability pensioners was the highest or one of the highest among all the surveyed groups of households, which results, among other things, from the lack of adjustment of the living conditions of seniors to their needs (in terms of the number of rooms, flat area or architectural solutions), as well as from the poor technical condition of the dwellings, which also translates into higher maintenance costs. Originality and value: The issue of the cost of maintaining a dwelling by seniors is not frequently discussed in the scientific literature. The main areas of research concerning the elderly in the context of housing resources are most often related to architectural maladjustments. However, the topic of increasing housing costs in senior households is an important social problem and should be the subject of more research and analysis.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to present the concept of the silver economy and basic solutions in the field of gerontechnology utilised in senior housing, as well as to depict the situation in commercial retirement homes in Poland in terms of the use of devices related to gerontechnology. Design/methodology/approach: The author has conducted literature studies in the field of demography, the concept of the silver economy and gerontechnology. Additionally, an empirical study has been carried out with the use of a standardised questionnaire. The research population consisted of institutions providing round-the-clock care for disabled, chronically ill or elderly people. These institutions operate as part of business activity or paid statutory activity from at least January 1, 2017, with minimum 75% of the total population being people aged 65 and older. Findings: The sector of private retirement homes in Poland takes advantage of technological solutions to improve the quality of life of residents and the level of services provided. However, the catalogue of existing solutions is significantly limited and used primarily to support and monitor health. Solutions for the automation and control of the home environment are applied to a small extent, and the use of solutions for the exchange of information and recreation is marginal. Originality and value: The demographic changes taking place in Poland, as well as the growing costs of supporting older population groups and meeting their diverse needs may raise concerns about the productivity of the economy, its competitiveness and the condition of public finances. However, the existing scientific studies and foreign experience allow to conclude that if the silver economy is considered as a field of strategic activities, the existing threats can be perceived as opportunities. Gerontechnology is a vital element of this economy, and modern technological solutions aimed at seniors are an inherent and increasingly popular element of senior housing and will become one of the basic directions for improving the real estate market.
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Purpose: The aim of the article is to answer the following research questions in the context of strong factors, both external (COVID-19 pandemic) and internal (restrictions): 1) What is the current professional situation of people associated with the real estate market? 2) What is the general situation on the real estate market? 3) What are the prospects regarding the professional situation and the market itself? Design/methodology/approach: The author has used the diagnostic survey method and the survey technique (electronic questionnaire) in the study. The research was carried out in the second quarter of 2020 (i.e. in the period of the strictest restrictions) on a sample of 247 people representing mainly the professions of a real estate agent, property appraiser and real estate manager. Findings: Pandemic restrictions, including in particular the restrictions on the functioning of selected aspects of the economic sphere (lockdown), drastically worsened the professional situation of people associated with the real estate market and had a negative impact on the overall economic situation. A shock occurred, above all, on the demand side of the market, disrupting the functioning of entities dealing with the professional service of the market, including primarily people working in the profession of a real estate agent and a real estate sales specialist in real estate development companies. A common feature of the professions in question is the work model based on direct contact with clients. In this case, remote work turned out to be possible only to a limited extent. The overall assessment of the situation on local real estate markets and their individual segments was utterly negative. Originality and value: The first weeks of the pandemic were characterised by very high dynamics and frequency of changes, which caused chaos and disrupted the functioning of entities operating on the real estate market. It was considered crucial to obtain the opinions of the people directly involved in and creating this market. The conducted research was one of the first in Poland which comprehensively allowed for a preliminary assessment of changes on the selected market.
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This presentation provides evidence of the influential role of urban planning in directing human activity, which, if not adequately studied, may lead to instability in identity and social integration, and the role of urban planning in transforming cohesive groups into dispersed social groups, distinguished by class, creed, or wealth, and their direct role in fueling hatred futurism is a concrete prelude to conflict. Also, it presents some international examples applied in this field.
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The beginning of the 21st century was faced with the demands of the technical revolution 4, environmental problems and ensuring sustainable development. This situation is caused by the extremely rapid growth of the human population and the enormous use of natural resources. At the same time, over the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has slowed down the countries' economic development. To restore countries' economies, Recovery and Sustainability Plans have been proposed. The report aims to show and analyze the challenges facing the construction industry regarding the implementation of the National Development and Sustainability Plan.
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The study aims to analyze the reaction of legal systems to the convulsions in European society caused by the Covid-19 health crisis, the war in Ukraine and the revocation of abortion rights in the U.S. With a cross-cutting approach, the article seeks to leave in the reader's mind a non-exhaustive overview of the limits of his rights through the sometimes-disproportionate reactions of the state. Extraordinary events, however, they are not a novelty for humanity. The question therefore arises as to whether the "violence" of restrictive measures on fundamental human rights could be prevented. Then, by approaching a state of emergency as normal, have human rights undergone a transformation in their substance? From a subjective point of view, the study takes stock of the legal war waged by the international community against the armed war since the end of World War II. War sometimes waged in the name of human rights, through the belligerent events of Eastern Europe, proves to us that it is not over yet and new appropriate legal measures are required. What will be the legal consequences of these is another issue discussed in the article.
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Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to assess instruments that compensate local government units (LGUs) for the loss of income from shares in personal income tax and shares in corporate tax in connection with changes in these taxes as a result of Polish Deal program. The assessment was made from the point of view of the financial independence of local government units. Design/methodology/approach: The paper begins with outlining the changes in state income taxes in Poland. The next section concerns the method of assessing the “foreign” income of LGUin the context of financial independence. Then the instruments that compensate local government units for the loss in tax revenues were discussed and their assessment was made from the point of view of the financial independence of LGU. Findings: The following consequences of Polish Deal for LGU can be identified: 1) decrease in tax revenues, 2) deterioration of the structure of budget revenues (increase in the share of “foreign” revenues), 3) establishment of “rescue” instruments in the form of a subsidy development part and changes in the allocation of revenues from shares in state taxes. The financial consequences of the changes brought about by Polish Deal vary depending on the level of local government. The municipalities, including cities with poviat status, will feel them most acutely, as they have the highest share in personal income tax. The mechanism of dividing the development part of subsidy favors some local government units because it relates to the population size and not the actual loss of income from shares in state taxes. Instruments compensating the loss of income of LGU in connection with Polish Deal limit the financial independence of LGU and deepen the lack of transparency in the redistribution of income in the public finance sector in Poland.
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Observing the evolution of military actions in the Ukraine conflict, one feels the need to capitalise on the lessons identified as a result of the innovative ways of applying the principles of military art, in the conditions of real war. Thus, within this approach, I set out to identify how the evolution of the conflict in Ukraine influenced military art in general. In essence, this approach is a corollary of the results obtained as a personal contribution to the development of knowledge in the field of military sciences. Analysing the existing situation, following evaluations of the potential national response capabilities in the event of an armed conflict in the vicinity of the Black Sea, I identified didactic ways to update the doctrinal contents. The didactic approach was based on the handiest research validation tool, the war game, by testing some tactical scenarios, experienced in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. From a didactic point of view, the result was useful for updating the analytical programs in the master’s degree programs, however, the benefit from this research comes from the action-structural field, regarding the ways of responding in the maritime environment with existing capabilities or identifying the capability requirements, emphasising the importance of military services and branches cooperation during the joint coastal defence operation.
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Metropolitan Pimen Georgescu shepherded at a time when the Romanian Orthodox Church and our country have crossed a tense period through the prism of the First World War. During the Wars, the Church accompanied the military troops on the battlefield. In monasteries have been established orphanages, hospitals and charity societies that provided both, spiritual and material aid. Romanian priests contributed to the creation of the Romanian National State offering hope to the soldiers to obtain the Glory of our country.
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The circular economy creates new opportunities by introducing ecological principles in manufacturing. The use of technology and artificial intelligence in the circular economy in the environment will contribute to creating new jobs. Digitalization helps to use resources more efficiently and optimize processes and sustainable growth. The skills of the future are directly related to the digital and green transformation of the economy.
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Modern challenges to financial management in the field of health care are related to the organization of the health insurance system. Financial management in health care based on artificial intelligence technologies also brings advantages that arise from the accumulation of a more complete set of knowledge, from the streamlining of the process and the elimination of emotional instability in decision-making, from the reorientation from the routine of activities and dissatisfaction from certain repetitive work tasks to another type of creative activities, from expanding the scope and scale of action, from solving more complex problems in a shorter time, etc.
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The current report examines the place of artificial intelligence and its level of development in the field of OSINT, as well as the advantages, disadvantages and dangers associated with it. The report begins with an introductory statement aimed at those unfamiliar with the concept of OSINT and continues with an introduction to its functions, current use, and later its advantages, disadvantages, and dangers. This report does not claim to be exhaustive on the subject and aims only to present the current state of artificial intelligence in the specific field.
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Cluster development is important with the specificity of the modern innovative economy as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of agriculture and the agro-industrial complex in general. In this regard, this article explains the development of proposals for the introduction of a cluster system in improving the competitiveness of agricultural products.
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Undoubtedly, AI technologies can be applied in various areas of the economy. Regarding the state of health care in the EU countries, Bulgaria is characterized by catch-up development, which requires the creation of appropriate conditions for the functioning of our health system, development and implementation of an adequate health policy. All these questions prompt various researchers to seek and propose new directions for improving the system of financing and management in the field of health care.
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At present, when pandemic enters a new phase, the geopolitical confrontation between the adherents of unipolar and multipolar international security systems takes its new impetus. Besides the pandemic restrictions used widely as a tool of political pressure, the LGBT issue recently gained new importance. LGBTQ activists that announced pride in the Georgian capital have not taken to the main avenue of Tbilisi out of fears of violence. Instead,anti-LGBTQ groups' representatives used physical violence against media representatives because of their perceived pro-LGBTQ/Western stance. As it is known LGBTQ issue has become quite divisive not only in Georgia but in EU member countries. The present paper discusses developments in Georgia and the post-Soviet area as an example of a small proxy state of the former Soviet Union as an arena of struggle between the West and East on values shared by the most Western democracies.
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