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THREE FAMILIES OF CRISES SUPERPOSED, INTERDEPENDENT AND MUTUAL INTERFERING IN THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Iulian Chifu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Coronavirus or Covid-19 pandemic has launched a health crisis with an important impact by accelerating three categories of crises: the dormant and rampant ones that were here long before this crises; the correlated crisis coming from the pandemic explosion and the ways to limit its impact; and the independent crisis, not directly related by Covid-19 but prompted and accelerated by the pandemic. As a result, this lead to a maximum complication for the decision makers since it created overnight premises for a completely different International Relations Perspective. The scenarios for the world of tomorrow and the possible arrangement for a global governance are the aims of our study.

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THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

Author(s): Viorel ORDEANU,Lucia Ionescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Transmissible infectious diseases are caused by living biological agents that can be transmitted in different ways from the source, causing outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics. The current epidemiological situation, the COVID-19 pandemic is serious due to its rapid transmissibility, strong complications, and the fact that it is an unknown disease. Given its characteristics, similar in parts to a biological agent used as a disabling weapon, in this paper, we will address the current COVID-19 pandemic as an ongoing “situational experiment” in order to simulate a targeted biological attack (on a strategically important locality) with infectious effects that extends nationally and internationally. This type of pandemic has destructive potential through the created health crisis, followed by the economic crisis, aggravated by the information crisis (infodemics) and finally the social crisis with unpredictable consequences

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THE EVALUATION AND DETECTION “A MAN IN THE MIDDLE” CYBERATTACK

Author(s): Meda UDROIU,Mihail Dumitrache / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Abstract – How common is a man-in-the-middle type of attack in the wild today and how can it be detected and prevented? What is the security impact of HTTPS interception given that more and more organizations and antivirus products intercept and inspect traffic? This paper aims to provide an answer to these questions by presenting results and conclusions of the study conducted to detect man-in-the-middle attacks on a number of popular internet websites.

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USEFUL TOOLS FOR MEASURING AND MONITORING CYBERSECURITY

Author(s): MANTEA Paula-Diana / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Cybersecurity is one of the new dimensions of security, the one responsible for ensuring a secure online space, a space which can be used safely in all areas of people’s lives - from finance to social media, education, economy, politics, information, debate and even military. Because over 50% of the population is connected in 2020 to the internet, both for work and personal purposes, as numerous transactions are being registered in the cyberspace every second, government and private sector alike need to work together to secure this space to develop early-warning systems and protect the IT infrastructure of any kind of attacks. There are tools for measuring and monitoring cyber-attacks, which need to be explored and constantly improved. But this is not enough as the use of these tools needs to be completed by the joint efforts in raising the users’ awareness in protecting against any attacks. Additionally, exploring and taking advantage of the benefits a digital economy and society can offer should be supported by investments in education and training while maintaining an updated and secure infrastructure.

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PHYSIOGNOMY OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY OPERATIONS IN THE CURRENT OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Cosmina-Andreea Neculcea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In an ever-changing world, national security systems must recurrently adapt their capabilities to meet the new challenges of the international security environment. The way of approaching conflict and the physiognomy of military actions can be configured only through a thorough understanding of the current operational environment. Studies on demographic trends suggest that most future armed conflicts will take place in urban areas, whereas urbanization and unrestricted access to the Internet make the world become increasingly interconnected and interdependent.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING IN THE SECURITY AND DEFENCE. WHAT IS MISSING IN THE ROMANIAN CSDP RELATED TRAINING?

Author(s): SIMINA Ovidiu Laurian,Bogdan MARINESCU,Grigore SILAȘI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the importance of training for the success of Romania’s contribution to the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) of the European Union. At the time when the EU Member States are taking concrete measures to implement the European Compact for a Civilian CSDP (2018) and the second annual progress report is planned, Romania is still struggling with the inter-institutional negotiation of the would-to-be National Strategy for the Implementation of the Civilian CSDP Compact, not yet approved by the Government. However, training is not seen as a strong point in the future strategic document, probably because there is not real coordination in the field. Despite the increased interest in CSDP related training (the number of the Romanian members of the European Security and Defence College multiplied five times in just two years), the training institutes are not working in a coordinated way and most of their CSDP training seems mostly related to individual projects or targets and not following a national policy, nor national objectives related to the Civilian Compact implementation. The debate opened by this paper aims to increase the awareness at the national authorities’ level and to suggest the way ahead in liking training to the Romanian policy on CSDP.

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DEFENSIVE SYSTEMS AND POLITICS. THE VAUBAN SYSTEM AND THE CASE OF THE ALBA-IULIA FORTRESS

Author(s): Elena-Loredana Florescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Italian fortress of Palmanova, built in 1593 and designed by Gulio Savorgnan represented a turning point in the studies of the military engineers of that time. The French engineer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, through the fortress of Neuf-Brisach, created the “Vauban defence system”, reminiscing of the layout provided by the fortress of Palmanova, approximatively 100 years later. In this paper I intend to analyse the reason why, in 1711, the appointed architect Giovanni Morando Visconti used the Vauban defence system in designing the Alba fortress in the present-day Romania. Following the political and historical background that led to the building of these fortresses and the strategical points that they represent, I intend to identify the similarities between them and whether following an architecture that is based on the ideal city of Renaissance represents a political statement.

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MEASURING GOVERNANCE AND ASSESSING TRENDS IN DEMOCRACY DURING TIMES OF PANDEMIC

Author(s): Alexandra SARCINSCHI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Bringing to attention the main theoretical landmarks regarding the national governance is a necessity since there are heated debates on the role of the state in the management of phenomena that transcend its borders such as international migration and the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the paper aims to carry out a non-exhaustive analysis, but focused on recent trends in the study of governance, correlating them with the latest events and determining phenomena that manifest themselves in the international security environment. The goal is to determine whether or not and to identify how the pandemic has influenced governance as a whole, the decline of democracy in particular, as well as national security, especially in the case of European states.

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THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PUBLIC SAFETY FORCES FACING BIOLOGICAL THREAT

Author(s): Iulian-Constantin Manailescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that both state structures and citizens have not been prepared to face up a biological threat. The hesitant way in which, at first, action was taken to limit the spread of the new virus led to the emergence of situations that changed the relationship between the state and the population. The trust of a part of the citizens in the state structures has been altered, especially because of the restrictions imposed to limit the spread of the virus. Those who are in direct contact with citizens and who apply these restrictions are the law enforcement and other forces protecting public order and safety. At present, the countries of the world are in a position to think over some strategy meant to restore the confidence of their population in these forces. This distrust, along with conspiracy theories, endangers national and regional security because it is the ground for the proliferation of populism and extremism. The paper presents the sticking points of the relationship between the citizens and the law enforcement and public safety forces that a strategy at the state and regional level should solve in order to restore a level of trust at which security is ensured.

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NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND THE CENTRAL BALANCE: STRUCTURAL SCENARIOS

Author(s): Mihai ZODIAN / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper synthetizes earlier studies and aims to investigate how the nuclear equilibrium between the United States and the Russian Federation may change, because of the process of proliferation. A theoretical perspective combining power transition and rational deterrence theory is used to draw a few scenarios. The main goal is to develop general traits and tendencies, by varying the variable of power distribution and use them to develop a few scenarios.

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THE GREAT POWER COMPETITION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN THE SYRIAN WAR 2015-2020

Author(s): Mara Sofia CRĂCIUNESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Even though the Cold War ended 30 years ago, the Russian Federation and the United States of America continue the competition for power through different means and by using several instruments. The Syrian war is one of the longest and complex events in which the two states have recently exposed their capabilities. On the one hand, the Russian Federation found the Syrian war as an opportunity to improve its economy, extend its military influence and gain more allies by supporting Syrian regime and situating as a counterweight to USA. On the other hand, the United States of America fought to maintain its economic gains, strategic coalitions and limit Iran power in the region, using as motif the establishment of democracy and counterterrorism. All of these represented the most important assets of each state towards increasing their authority outside their borders and consolidating their power status in the last6 years.

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THE DEGRADATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREE PRESS THROUGH THE PEGASUS SOFTWARE IN THE ERA OF SURVEILLANCE, AS A THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY. A DEBATE OF CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CENSORSHIP

Author(s): Maria PÎRVU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The evolution of cyber spying technology presents new and rising dangers; coupled with the easy justification for use of the on-going terrorist crisis these dangers have now become major threats to the international security system. This article aims to provide analysis of these threats, using the new software Pegasus as a focal point of discussion. Developed by the Israeli ‘cyber-warfare’ company ‘NSO’, this spyware signals a danger not only to security but freedom of the press and journalistic integrity. This paper’s focus will centre on how this software is used for censorship rather than to combat terrorism and will examine the social and political ramifications of said use. As highlight, the case of UAE activist Ahmed Mansoor and his contemporaries who were writing against authoritarian governments will be discussed. This article will urge that strict global legislation is needed to stop the abuse of spyware as a tool of censorship

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ROMANIA AS A BROTHER-IN-ARMS THROUGH FINNISH EYES IN WORLD WAR II

Author(s): Kari ALENIUS / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Very little has been relatively studied about the interaction between Finland and Romania. Most existing studies deal with the interwar period and World War II, but there is still room for complementary interpretations. This study focuses on Finns’ perceptions of Romania, especially from the perspective of brotherhood in arms between the two countries. The theme is worth exploring because, during the Second World War, both Finland and Romania considered the development of mutual relations more important than ever before. This study is based on an extensive number of original sources. The analysis shows that there were different attitudes towards Romania as a brother-in-arms, but the attitude was positive in principle. The differences are explained by the type of goals set for the future development of the relationship between Finland and Romania. It is evident that Romania was valued as a brother-in-arms by a wide range of citizens. The Finnish media and the NGOs behind it conveyed a positive image of Romania and emphasized the common interests of Finland and Romania in the ongoing war. However, the Finnish leadership was cautious about developing bilateral relations, as it considered it necessary to strike a balance between Germany and the Western powers. The brotherhood of arms was therefore not allowed to become too close.

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PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1946 The loss of the Quadrilateral and the Romanian legal arguments

Author(s): Florian Bichir / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Dobrogea Nouă, Dobrogea de Sud or Cadrilater, these are the names under which the southern part of the territory between the Danube and the Black Sea was known, an area that has been, for centuries, at the crossroads of trade routes and the interests of neighboring powers. The province was characterized as an"appendage of Asia, transplanted to Southeast Europe, which opened the steppe gate, as described by AlbertoBasciani (Basciani 2001)As noted by historian Cătălin Negoiță (Cătălin Negoiță 2008) from my student days, precisely because of the extremely fragmented information I had. The moment of the incorporation of this territory into the Romanian state was almost overlooked as if our historians were embarrassed to mention this episode. Even the Balkan wars were not treated extensively before 1989, so the history textbooks were content to record succinctly: the name of Quadrilater became part of the Romanian state». Even more concise was the information about the loss of the province: "Following the signing, on September 7, 1940, of the Treaty of Craiova, Romania ceded to Bulgaria southern Dobrogea, known as the Quadrilater. "All the more so, as if the historians were in a hurry to conclude a subject that did not honor Romania".

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FEMINISM IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Author(s): Corina-Andreea LIRĂ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

From a theoretical point of view, for many decades the discipline of International Relations was dominated by the triad of realism, which remained the overwhelmingly dominant theoretical approach. It was not until 1980 that other political approaches began to gain some momentum. International relations is one of the last areas to accept feminism. This has contributed greatly to its use in almost all areas of research. Compared to other disciplines, the feminist aspect in international relations appeared much later. Feminism is a series of movements aimed at defending equal opportunities for women in the different areas of politics, social rights and other aspects of society. Feminist approaches to international relations became widespread in the late 20th century, and these approaches called for women’s experiences to be ignored from studies of international relations theory. Feminists who study international relations have argued that gender issues apply to international relations. Women succeed through their ambition, diplomacy and oratory to excel in the leadership area, which is the main premise for women to lead fully, dynamically but also in an original way. Throughout history, women have gone through several stages that have finally brought her to the position where the male elite give respect, love and attention to women throughout society. This paper fully demonstrates the vitality and continued viability of feminist projects in a variety of forms and contexts, assesses the challenges facing feminism and strongly advocates its continued relevance to contemporary global politics. The main objective of this paper is to present the importance of feminism today and its role as a paradigm in international relations.

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PUBLIC COMMUNICATION DURING UKRAINE’S INVASION AND ITS EFFECT ON PUBLICS

Author(s): Mihaela Stoica / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Our paper examines the manner in which public opinion is affected by public communication in a very specific situation. The conflict in Ukraine has been on everyone’s mind for the last three months not only due to its unreasonableness but also due to the Ukrainians mastery of communicating to the public, be it national or international. As the conflict has grown stronger in its intensity so has the public communication on the Ukrainian side which took any given chance to address the international political scene through President Volodymyr Zelenski’s speeches in front of numerous Parliaments. While scrutinising the Ukrainian manner of communicating information and asking for humanitarian, financial and military aid, we will also inspect the manner in which the Russian side communicates. We will look into the effect that these addresses have had on the public opinion. The theoretical background of the paper includes the views on public opinion of GabrielTarde, Pierre Zémor’s definition of public communication as well as Jürgen Habermas’ communicative theory. These theories will assist us in our research to demonstrate which side communicates the better and which has the ability to use cultural references that support their message. Our paper studies an ongoing military conflict,i.e. the data that we have included so far could be interpreted differently later.

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THE INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC DECLINE ON MILITARY STRUCTURES

Author(s): Cristian BOGANTOIU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The human factor is the main value-creating resource of an army. The presentation aims to highlight the overall influence of the demographic decline in recent years on the process of generating military structures. By analysing the approach to policies adopted to ensure national security and defence, the causal links between demographic indicators and the evolution of economic development, the trend in population size and the characteristics of age generations, the article highlights the creation of a new perspective on attracting human capital to the military profession. Focusing on the study of the evolution of demographic indicators, trends and forecasts, it also reveals the creation of premises in the development of the employer brand of the military institution on the labour market. With more than 12 years of experience in the field of human resources management in the Romanian Army up to their strategic level, both in the field of recruiting personnel for the military profession and in the field of personnel management, I have observed different behaviours of individuals depending on their origin, professional training, financial motivation, age generations, behaviours that I believe are directly influenced by the evolution of demographic indicators on society in general. The article concludes that it needs to be developed in detail in order to draw up guidelines for promoting the military profession, recruiting human resources and building a predictable and stable military personnel management system.

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THE GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVE AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN THE MILITARY ORGANIZATION, IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Daniela-Elena Hrab / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article focused on offering a preliminary view on the most important areas in which gender equality perspective, one of the sustainable development goals, can contribute to the sustainability of human resources in the military organization and the possible effects. First, the article investigated, through a literature review approach, the conceptual dimensions of defense human resource sustainability, proposing a conceptual model which could be applied by military decision-makers to enhance the efficiency of human resource management and to contribute to the sustainability of military organization, in the context of sustainable development. Second, the article explored relevant documents, to identify the military approach to gendered issues, revealing some commonalities with the subsequent targets of the sustainable development goals and highlighting the emergence of a new military capability, represented by women’s empowerment. Finally, the proposed sustainability model and the military gender equality perspective represented a framework for identifying the contribution gender equality perspective could have to the sustainability of defense human resources. In this respect, recent statistics and the analysis of some specific on-line content offered valuable information on the practical benefits of the gender equality perspective. To conclude, this study highlights the need that the military human resource management adapt its policies, to ensure a positive contribution of the gender perspective to the permanent and functional availability of its human resource.

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PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT – A TOOL FOR STRENGTHENING THE EDUCATION PROCESSES? METHODS OF INTEGRATION INTO THE HMES

Author(s): Alina-Elena Ionașcu (Huluba),Toma PLEȘANU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We argue that the principles and practices specific to the performance management can be used as levers in the education system and in the professional training of military personnel, especially in the higher military education system. We will focus particularly on the most important aspects of performance management: planning and goal setting, monitoring, evaluation and feedback. Beyond the conceptual aspects, we will discuss the implications that these practices have on the teaching-learning process and we will highlight their value in the military academia by elaborating on how they can be applied in three problematic situations. Thus, this article provides teachers and instructors in the military education system with learning-oriented methods that will create a productive classroom environment and highlights the opportunities that students have and the benefits at the institutional level.

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QUESTIONNAIRE TO IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF STUDENTS INVOLVED IN COUNSELING

Author(s): Sorina-Mihaela Mardar,Adriana RÎȘNOVEANU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the aims of the education system is social and professional integration of young graduates. But in the ever-changing world, we live in today, choosing a career becomes a very difficult task. Today's students, subjected to the flow of information from a very young age, enter school with a great deal of knowledge about the world around them. The extracurricular activities in which they participate during the school years open their horizons of thought and many of them may be attracted to several areas, thus being in a very difficult position: what to choose, when I find that I am attracted to more things/professions and I think I can do them well? Therefore, career counseling becomes extremely important in the life of any young person. Counseling refers to a process in which a professional establishes a relationship – based on trust – with a person who needs support. During this process, the young student expresses his/hers ideas and feelings about a problem and receives support in clarifying their meanings, in identifying value patterns based on which solutions will be formulated. The counseling process involves guiding a young person to a profession for which he/she shows interests and skills. At the heart of this process one can find self-knowledge, vocational education, career education, exploration and career planning

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