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Ergenlerin Gözünden Göç

Author(s): Asiye Dursun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2023

Migration is a structure that has an impact on all developmental stages. In the globalizing world, recently increasing migration events for different reasons draw attention. In this process, it can be said that the perceptions of migration, migration experiences, plans and perspectives towards migration in their future lives of adolescents who are preparing to become adults of the society gain importance. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to investigate adolescents' perceptions of migration. The research sample consists of a total of 105 participants, 40 (38%) girls and 65 (62%) boys. The data of the research were collected through the qualitative questionnaire, which was prepared by the researcher. In the first part of the research, descriptive analyzes of the questions asked about immigration were presented. Content and metaphor analysis were used for data on the reasons and perceptions of the participants who wanted to migrate. When the research findings are examined, it has been observed that some adolescents and their families have experienced migration, and it has been learned that some of the adolescents have migration plans based on different reasons for the future. In addition, eight different categories named as discovery, escape, expatriate, beginning, change, need, compelling and mobility were obtained from 102 different metaphors created by the participants about migration. Suggestions were made in line with these findings.

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Depopulating Villages and Mobility of People in the Garhwal Himalaya

Author(s): Saurav Kumar,Vishwambhar Prasad Sati / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Rural out-migration is a worldwide phenomenon that is also visible in many mountainous regions, creating the impression of an abandoned landscape. In order to achieve sustainable mountain development, it is crucial to understand the various drivers and implications of out-migration in the mountains. Using both secondary and primary data on migration, this study examines different aspects of migration in the Garhwal Himalaya. Secondary data on migration were derived from a report published by the Rural Development and Migration Commission of Uttarakhand in 2018 that included migration statistics for the Garhwal region from 2011 to 2018. Primary data were collected through field surveys. Several types of migration were observed in the region, including semi-permanent migration, permanent migration, and in-migration. The study reveals that out-migration is a serious problem in the Garhwal Himalaya, as it has caused many socio-economic problems in the region. If these problems are not addressed immediately, the number of uninhabited/ghost villages in the region will increase rapidly, and the population of many villages will decline significantly. Finally, various policy measures were proposed to minimize the high rate of out-migration from the Garhwal Himalaya.

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The Golden Visa: Anatomy of making a long-term home in the UAE

Author(s): Emina Osmandzikovic / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

While traditionally governed by the ‘kafala’ system of sponsorship for non-nationals, the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have diversified their visa portfolios in the past few years, in line with rising global trends. The launch of the Golden Visa in the UAE has marked a historic shift in the way the country approaches its non-national community. Building this research on the novel aspirations-capabilities nexus within the often-overlooked lifestyle migration theoretical corpus, I unpack the short-term impact of changing residency policies on the UAE’s Golden Visa recipients – medium- and high-skilled non-nationals from various backgrounds and industries. I employ semi-structured interviews with twenty-five recipients. My research inquiry finds that, while it does not provide a structural break in the whole-of-life approach to UAE’s non-residents, the Golden Visa does, indeed, act as an enabler of its recipients’ capabilities to fulfil their long-term aspirations and (re)construct their desired life(style) in the country. Hereby, this research dampens the paucity of inquiry on the backend processes before and after obtaining the Golden Visa through the lens of lifestyle migration, making a new mark on the GCC-focused literature as well.

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Recent Immigration from the Republic of Moldova and Arab Countries to Romania. A Stakeholders’ Perspective on Local Integration

Author(s): Monica Roman,Ioana Manafi,Laura Muresan,Elena-Maria Prada / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Romania, a net emigration country, has witnessed a significant increase in immigration over the last decade. The objective of this paper is to highlight the facilitators and barriers to local integration faced by recent immigrants to Romania, as expressed by relevant stakeholders. Their often neglected views hold particular relevance for improving the well-being and integration of migrants in Romania. We focus on young immigrants from the Republic of Moldova and from Arab countries, relying on the data from 13 interviews conducted in 2021 with various stakeholders. The results of the paper reveal different integration mechanisms for the two groups. Some barriers are similar, being mainly related to document validation and lack of family support. Other factors act differently for the two groups of migrants. For Moldovan youth, language and cultural familiarity facilitate their access to the labour market and education, whereas asylum seekers from Arab countries need longer for achieving local integration.

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Reflecting the Smartphone’s (Imagined) Affordances in Refugee’s Journeys

Author(s): Claudia Lintner / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The paper fosters the extent to which imagined affordances of smartphones help refugees to create meaning and thus maintaining a linearity/ continuity between their present, their past and their expected future. In doing so, the article is based on a social constructionist approach that expand the social construction of reality to include the digital level by reinforcing the necessity to rethink the implications of the digital for its basic concept of the social. In doing so, the article shed light to the importance of smartphones to construct or/and maintain a linearity between refugee’s past, their present and their future. Accordingly the results show, maintaining meaningful relations in the digital space and thus attributing meaning to their past and to their future helps refugees to bear the difficulties of the present. Smartphone thus offers new forms of agency to refugees during their experience of flight in constructing their mediated reality of meaningful relations connecting different temporalities.

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Internal Migration Patterns of National and Foreign Population in Italy. A Local Spatial Comparative Approach

Author(s): Alessio Buonomo,Rosa Gatti,Federico Benassi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

A local spatial comparative approach to study internal migration of national and foreign population in Italy is proposed in the paper. Univariate and bivariate local analysis of spatial autocorrelation of internal migration rates of the two populations is conducted. Results are mapped and crossed with municipalities typologies identified by the Degree of Urbanization (Degurba) classification. The local scale of analysis allows to appreciate specific patterns of internal migrations normally ignored. Specifically, a dual spatial regime emerges between geographical patterns of internal migration of nationals and foreigners in terms of urban-rural divide and level of spatial polarization.

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Resilience Embedded in Psychological Capital of Ukrainian Refugees in Poland

Author(s): Izabela Grabowska-Lusińska,Agata Jastrzębowska,Ivanna Kyliushyk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

By this article we want to say that we still know very little about the migration of war refugees from Ukraine as the process has been happening massively before our eyes. This article contributes to the vast literature on refugees. Firstly, it presents a new non-Western perspective because Ukrainian refugees move predominately from Eastern to Central Europe. Secondly, it discusses the resilience of refugees, which we systematically embedded into the general concept of Psychological Capital (PsyCap), and proves it statistically in an interplay with three other components of PsyCap: self-efficacy, optimism and hope. The article also presents arguments for professionals on the ground to build a support on PsyCap resources, not only on trauma to Ukrainian refugees. The article is based on a small-scale exploratory survey of Ukrainian refugees conducted between March-May 2022 and field reflections of the coordinator of the Ukrainian House in Warsaw.

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Migrant-Serving Organizations: Supporting U.S. Migrants with Safe Digital Access

Author(s): Afshan Paarlberg / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Migrants to the United States face technology, language, legal, cultural, and economic barriers. Without direct voter influence, migrants engage with and depend upon migrant-serving organizations to build identity, address negative scrutiny, overcome obstacles, and acclimate to society. In a growing and shifted digital landscape, migrant-serving organizations are vital to providing digital accessibility amongst migrants. This paper provides a literature review regarding digital accessibility amongst migrants. It offers recommendations for migrant-serving organizations in investigating barriers and program design that support the unique digital needs of migrants.

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Thinking with the hands: LEGO® Serious Play® a game-based tool to empower young migrants integrating

Author(s): Birte Nienaber,Agnes Kriszan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

In recent years, various low-threshold and often creative methods and tools have been developed, considering the specific requirements of vulnerable persons to explore their identities, experiences, knowledge, opinions and needs. The idea of LEGO® Serious Play® is based on play pedagogy. Playing allows to distance oneself from everyday life by sliding into a world of imaginations, ideas and utopias while concurrently keeping the ties to reality (Heimlich, 2015). LEGO® Serious Play® uses metaphors to enable participants to express playfully their thoughts and ideas. As the building process with Lego bricks is physical and haptic, LEGO® Serious Play® is a low-threshold method to work with vulnerable groups (Cavaliero, 2017).The following article will concentrate on the use of LEGO® Serious Play® as creative exploration method and its possibilities and limitations when used to empower young migrants in vulnerable conditions in the Germany and Luxembourg in the H2020 research project MIMY.

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Actualidad y perspectivas de las migraciones en América Latina de Abel Astorga y Marie-Christine Seguine

Author(s): José Roberto González Morales / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2023

El libro pone de manifiesto los diversos factores que han incidido en las movilidades de América Latina. Se considera a la globalización neoliberal como la principal causante de los grandes desplazamientos humanos. En los países latinoamericanos, con la instrumentación de políticas neoliberales, se ha fracasado en la redistribución de las rentas: los ricos se enriquecen cada vez más, y los pobres cada vez se hacen más pobres. Por consiguiente, la migración hacia Estados Unidos se ha convertido en una estrategia de sobrevivencia, ante la falta de oportunidades laborales, la pobreza, los cambios climáticos, el acaparamiento de recursos naturales (por grupos de poder), la inseguridad, las distintas formas de violencia que se vive en los países de origen: la basada en el género, la criminal, de pandillas, la económica, la simbólica, entre otras de tipo estructural.

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Immediate and Future-Oriented Tactics of Syrian Students in Istanbul as an Integrational Bridge between the Past and Future

Author(s): Şeyma Karameşe / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study mainly analyses the power relations between native Turks and Syrian students in the public spaces of Turkey. The bulk of the literature sees migrants as passive victims who face exclusion and discrimination. However, this research not only sees migrants as active agents in power relations, but also examines both present and future constructions of migrants. Drawing on in-depth interviews and participant observation of 30 Syrian students in Istanbul, I show how these students produce immediate and future-oriented tactics. While immediate tactics exist to provide temporary protection in daily relations, the migrants also have long-term solutions for the future with their “make a difference” capacity based on the resources they have. In this regard, “future-oriented tactics” not only protect against discrimination but also offer a means of long-term integration into society. This is an important contribution to migration studies in terms of power relations.

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Tribal Migration in Indian Censuses: A Neglected and Litigated Area

Author(s): Avijit Mistri,Sudarshan Singh Sardar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Tribe and caste migration in Indian Censuses did not get proper attention during the colonial as well as post-independence periods. Censuses in the post-independence period have followed a conservative approach to enumerating tribes, castes and religions. The migration data on Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Scheduled Castes (SCs) have been presented since the 2001 Census, but its scope is limited. The enumeration of inter-state migration of STs is entangled in legislative jargon. When tribes in India have dipped into severe poverty and unemployment, forcefully alienated from forests and hills, confronted development-induced displacement, and migrated by distress driven to the urban centres in distant places in search of jobs. When the demand for independent territory or statehood, such as Nagalim, Zale’n-gam and many others, consolidating the tribal inhabited areas bifurcated into three to four neighbouring states leads to insurgency and mass cross-border movement of ethnic groups. The presumption of ST migration within the jurisdiction of the State/UT of enumeration in the Censuses during the post-independence period is delusive and very irrational. The study provides insight into such limitations of Census data on tribal migration, legislative jargon and politics involved with it. It also discusses the nature of provided data on tribal migration in colonial Censuses and the independence period.

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The Perceptions of Migration During the Pandemic: What Twitter Data Tell Us?

Author(s): Sara Miccoli,Elena Ambrosetti / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper aims to analyse sentiments and emotions about migration in Italy using Twitter, by comparing the period of COVID-19 pandemic with the previous year. We take Italy as a case study because it has been severely affected by the COVID-19, it is one of the largest recipients of immigrants in Europe and, is among the few countries that implemented an amnesty for irregular migrant workers during the pandemic. We apply a text mining and sentiment analysis to the tweets with hashtags and keywords related to the migration and to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that tweets related to migration express a sense of emergency and also invasion. No major changes occurred in the period of the pandemic in comparison with the previous period. Indeed, both negative and positive sentiments are present in the tweets in both periods, confirming a certain polarization in the public discourse about migration.

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A Glimpse into the Minds of Thais: Unveiling the Factors Influencing Thai Local Attitudes towards Myanmar Refugees

Author(s): Watchara Pechdin,Mokbul Morshed Ahmad / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The attitudes of refugee-hosting populations towards conflict-induced refugees are an important factor to consider when attempting to create an accepting and welcoming environment for refugees. Previous studies on this topic have primarily been conducted in the Global North context, leaving a gap in research in the Global South, especially in Southeast Asia. This study bridges this gap by examining the factors influencing the attitudes of a refugee-hosting population in Chiang Mai province, Thailand toward refugees from Myanmar. Results by a logit model identified the significant factors determining attitudes as age, ethnicity, income, occupation, and total years of contact with the refugees. Even without legal recognition from the government, these factors continue to play a crucial role in shaping Thai local attitudes, particularly in regard to government policies on refugee management, life security/safety, and employment opportunities. When formulating refugee integration plans, these influences must be taken into account.

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Special Dossier: Everyday practices of citizenship and identity among migrant descendants in Italy

Author(s): Mari Toivanen,Veronica Riniolo,Giulia Mezzetti / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Special Dossier: Everyday practices of citizenship and identity among migrant descendants in ItalyThis introductory piece makes the case for the need to advance our knowledge about migrant descendants’ lived experiences and practices of citizenship through the example offered by Italy. Debates around citizenship, migrant descendants’ identities and mobilisations have gained centre stage in the country in a period marked by increasing polarisation and racist discourses similar to those at the European level. The effects of these broader developments on the inclusion of migrant descendants require a closer examination of their political agency, which this special issue addresses through a collection of ethnographic studies regarding their identity narratives, everyday practices and acts of citizenship.

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Future Paths in the Study of Migrant Descendants' Citizenship: Engaging with Critical Literature

Author(s): Veronica Riniolo,Mari Toivanen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper discusses how research related to migrant descendants’ citizenship could potentially benefit from recent critical literature towards migration and citizenship. On the one hand, we discuss how such research focusing on the so-called “second generation” and citizenship could draw from conceptualisations that approach citizenship as everyday practices and as lived experience. On the other hand, we reflect on how such research could benefit from calls to de-migrantize migration scholarship. In this paper, we also discuss how such critical approaches allow problematising the research categories, such as “second generation” or “migration background”, and what implications this has in terms of understanding the citizenship among migrant descendants. In the end, we suggest possible paths for future research and theorisation concerning citizenship and migrant descendants.

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‘How much do we need to know?’ On the Ethical implications of Operational Research in Humanitarian Settings

Author(s): Nuni Jorgensen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

International Non-governmental Organisations (INGOs) have long conducted operational research (OR), a mode of investigation that follows specific rationale and criteria. In the present work, I draw on my experience of conducting a survey with Central-American migrants in Mexico in the context of a humanitarian organisation to outline some of the particularities of operational research and examine the ethical dilemmas that arise from this modality of investigation. By centring my analysis on a question often posed by colleagues– ‘how much do we need to know?’ - I explore three interrelated topics. First, I look at the process of obtaining consent, reflecting on the organisation’s dual role as both healthcare provider and researcher. Next, I examine how research questions are defined and in relation to whose interests. Lastly, I discuss the definition of survey categories, examining how OR often contributes to framing migrants’ experiences according to pre-determined narratives of victimhood.

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Emotional Encounters During Fieldwork: Researching Brazilian Women Migrants as a Brazilian Women Researcher

Author(s): Thais França / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper addresses the ethical implications of doing qualitative research among migrant women while being a migrant woman researcher myself. Brennan (2014)’s affective turn shows us how affect (both positive and negative) irradiates powerfully between one subject and another; while Ahmed (2010) reminds us that our affective situation may shape what/how we will feel. Based on experiences and reflections, since my PhD in 2008, on Brazilian migrants’ experiences in Portugal, I borrow Teresa Brennan’s concepts of affect and Sara Ahmed’s notion of emotion to look at how our encounters throughout our fieldwork with migrant women affect our bodies and vice versa. Moving away from the insider/outsider dichotomy, I argue that our knowledge production practice with migrant women is a reciprocal emotional reaction, surrounded by inequality power dynamics, which entails a set of ethical implications when translating these emotional reactions as research outputs.

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ÎNȚELEGEREA EXPERIENȚEI DE MIGRAȚIE: TEORETIZAREA CONCEPTULUI

Author(s): Ina Filipov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of this approach is to establish the meaning of the migration experience. We believe that the migration experience represents the set of actions, facts and relationships that, on the one hand, determine the decision to change the place of living and work, and on the other hand, involve a set of actions related to integration and adaptation to the new chosen place. The territorial movements of individuals unfold in a socio-spatial string, which manifests itself as a space of opportunities, incentives, benefits of life and is associated by them with well-being and quality of life. Also, in order to reveal the complexity of the migration experience, it is important to understand the essence of the concept, the typology and the extent to which it influences the formation of migration behavior.

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Venezuelan migrants in Peru and their entrepreneurial intention during the Covid-19 pandemic

Author(s): Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales,Aldo Alvarez-Risco,Diego Villalobos-Alvarez / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Objective: The article aims to understand the influence of how attitude (ATT), the perception of country support (PCS) for entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship self-efficacy (ESE) support entrepreneurial in- tention (EI) among Venezuelan migrants living in Peru. Research Design & Methods: In total, 305 migrants from Venezuela living in Peru completed the online ques- tionnaire. It contained 21 items that evaluated the variables to explain the EI. In the study, we employed the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Findings: We found that ATT (0.591) and PCS for entrepreneurship (0.204) showed a direct and significant influ- ence on ESE, while ESE showed a direct and significant influence (0.823) on the EI. The research model explained 67.7% of the EI. The analysis using bootstrapping technique showed the significance of the path coefficients. Implications & Recommendations: Current research showed the effect of ATT and PCS on ESE, which govern- ments and organizations can use to create plans to promote entrepreneurship among migrants. Contribution & Value Added: Governments can use the study results to develop and improve new regulations to encourage entrepreneurship. The novelty of this study is the use of the PLS-SEM technique.

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