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The aim of this article is to analyse the Polish migration policy. However, it is not about the content of the policy but about the gaps, paradoxes and stages of its creation. The thesis of the article is that the Polish migration policy created “from above” is full of paradoxes, which makes it internally incoherent. On the one hand, the economic logic of the market dictates that the policy should be open to foreigners, while the logic of the policy tends to be closed. In the phases of the migration policy-making cycle proposed in the article we cannot go beyond the second phase. “Policy on paper” is our domain. As it is constantly changing, we cannot move to the implementation and evaluation phase. This text is based on methods characteristic for political science and administration (institutional, systemic, decision-making) and legal science (legal-dogmatic).
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The topic of migrant children becomes more popular not only in the public discourse but also in academic research. In Poland, the topic of migrant children has become more popular over the past decade due to mass immigration. However, most of the work concentrates on the macro-level topics, such as changes to the national curriculum, schools and teachers’ preparation and willingness to work with multicultural classes. Less research has focused on the socialization of children with a migrant background. Moreover, most of the existing work deals with adult-centred research, thus ignoring the importance of giving a voice to children in assessing one’s biographical experiences. This article presents the results of the empirical qualitative research based on a child-centred approach. The results come from 20 semi-structured interviews with migrant children in Poland. The analysis presents the main aspects of the perception of the Polish school by migrant children regarding education, socialization, and relations with teachers and peers.
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This article presents the results of a qualitative study based on the humanizing methodology and a transformative approach, conducted in a space of collaborative intercultural, participatory activities of children and university students, as well as female researchers. The intercultural activities and research were implemented in the third month of the war in Ukraine as a response to current challenges faced by Polish schools and universities. The results are obtained from participant observation (3) and semi-structured interviews (34) conducted with university students working with Polish and Ukrainian pupils, using the project method based on L. Lundy’s participation model in the space of the University of Warsaw. The analysis of the results presents the main aspects of how preschool and early childhood education students understand participation in their work with children from diverse sociocultural backgrounds. The study also showed how important it is to include Polish children and children with refugee and migration experience in the activities and joint participation, which allows one to build a safe space for verbal and non-verbal communication (through art) of children with children and adults.
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The aim of the publication is a comparative analysis of the migration crisis of 2015 and 2022, with particular emphasis on refugee policy in Turkey and Poland and in the broadly understood context of the European Union. Embedded in the interdisciplinary field of European Studies, the article is based on the assumption that the dynamics and scale of migration flows in 2022 distinguish this crisis from the events of 2015, and the neighborly location of Ukraine influenced a different assessment of the situation than it was in the case of conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa or the Middle East. The cultural and ethnic proximity of Ukrainians has played a key role and is reflected in EU legislation regulating their status as displaced persons. The conclusions highlight the trend in Turkey and EU countries to renationalise refugee protection measures, the temporary nature of which is becoming a common standard. The research is based on the legal-dogmatic method, institutional analysis, comparative method and discourse analysis, using appropriate research techniques.
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The article examines if Poland can, in accordance with international law, effectively combat pressure on the border with a country de facto supporting an aggressor. Analysis of, among others, the Geneva Refugee Convention, EU law, the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and jurisprudence validate previous findings that right to life and prohibition of torture are non-derogable, permitting to protect borders and fight with terrorism. National procedures are challenged by a need to individualize decisions refusing entry and denying protection. Still, this does not justify violating human rights
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A part of anti-Ukrainian discourses on the Polish-language Internet is related to the perception of migration through the prism of an economic profit and loss account. Before February 24, 2022, threads related to the labor market were popular. Currently, there has been a shift towards narratives focusing on the alleged privilege of migrants from Ukraine – as well as on the “weakness” of the Polish state. In the text, I look at these discourses in detail – both in quantitative and qualitative terms. The publication is based on the results of the Counterhate project carried out jointly by the Centrum im. B. Geremek, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights and Securelex.
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The purpose of the research conducted for the purposes of this article was to examine the respondents’ perception of the increase in the scale of migration from Ukraine to Poland as a result of the invasion of the Russian Federation in 2022. The method of source analysis and diagnostic survey were used in the research process. The results of the research indicate that in the perception of the respondents, the increase in the scale of migration from Ukraine to Poland may pose a potential threat to security, but they positively assessed the actions of public authorities of the Republic of Poland in relation to the analyzed phenomenon.
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This paper deals with the issue of the Polish-Italian-Napolitan trilingualism characteristic of the Polish community living in southern Italy. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the current state of the trilingualism in question, including the characteristics of the contexts of use of each language and the factors determining the code changes. The analyses were also directed at investigating the level of knowledge and the extent of use of the Neapolitan dialect by the young generation of Italians (age category 21-30). The research material was collected through questionnaires made available to the respondents online, and the research had the nature of a pilot study. The results of the study prove that all three language codes are used in the everyday life of multilinguals, and each of them has a specific meaning, particular functions, and occurs in different situational contexts. The statements of the respondents also indicate the contemporary use of dialect, which is increasingly used to emphasise the expressive character of speech, and due to its folkloric nature it is used in ludic and humorous contexts.
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The focus of the authors’ attention is the dialogue between emigrant historians and their Soviet colleagues during the International historical congress that was held in Warsaw in August 1933. It was the first congress that took place in a Slavic country. The main sources of research are the reports and accounts of the participants of the congress, presented in the form of publications in Soviet scientific magazines («Historian-Marxist», «Class Struggle»), in emigrant periodicals («Russia and Svadom») and in European reviews («Revue historigue de droit francais et etranger»). The authors also use paperwork documents from the Foundation of the Institute of History of the Comacademy. The Soviet delegation consisted of six members, while there were five emigrant scientists, who were at the same time members of national delegations of other countries where they were living. The common interest of both sides, which appeared behind the congress venues, was recorded, the features of self-descriptions and presentations and self-presentation to the world scientific community were revealed. The constructed corporate portraits of each other were demonstrated. The conclusion was made that there was not a constructive dialogue between different sides. At the same time it was noted that there was not a provocative dialogue either, like one that occurred during the congress at Oslo. The reasons for this stagnation were identified. The authors of this article characterize prevailing atmosphere at the congress (let’s not quarrel) as «communicative plateau», that was connected with the increasingly complicated international situation of the early thirties.
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This article shows the forms of cultural activity of Polish immigrants, the space for the implementation of which remained in Polish parishes which were established and operating in large numbers in Chicago. It focuses on aspects related to the musical life of the local Polish community in the period from the organisation of the first Polish ethnic parish in the city – St Stanislaus Kostka Parish (1867) up to 1914. As communities were formed, various parish organisations and institutions of a socio-cultural nature were established. These included choirs and singing groups focusing on the dissemination of both religious and secular music. Their formation was often initiated by church organists. Performers in these groups enriched the liturgy with their performances, prepared concerts and vocal shows. The best-known figures of the Polish music scene at that time included Antoni Małłek, Andrzej Kwasigroch and soloists Róża Kwasichroch and Agnieszka Nering. Through the emerging musical initiatives, the parish audience was able to participate in cultural life and enjoy their free time. At the same time, thanks to the repertoire presented, which included popular Polish songs as well as songs of a patriotic nature, they had an impact on promoting Polish national identity and shaping the identity of the listeners.
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The current research aims to evaluate the problems immigrant students face in education in Türkiye. To develop practical solutions to the difficulties that immigrant students face, firstly it is necessary to identify them. The literature review method systematically identified the problems and examined the existing studies. The research data were collected by the document analysis method. The five themes generated for the analysis were "language-related problems," "policy-related problems," "schoolrelated problems," "economic problems," and "psychological problems." The data were evaluated for content analysis by using themes. The research results have shown that immigrant students mostly have problems related to language deficiencies in the integration process into education. Second, policy-related problems include temporary solutions, uncertainty in education, lack of information, and lack of cooperation between institutions and organizations was determined. Lastly, it has been reported that there are many economic, psychological, and school-related problems in the literature.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the perception of the effect of Syrian citizens, who are under temporary protection in our country and who have had to migrate to Turkey in groups since 2011, on crime rates in Turkey. For this purpose, the province of Çankırı was chosen as an example province, and first of all, the perception of the citizens about those under temporary protection was investigated in terms of its impact on crime rates. In the study, data were collected by applying a random survey method, and social perception was tried to be understood by evaluating these data, so that the perception of those who migrated (those under temporary protection) was tried to be interpreted from the perspective of the concepts of prejudice, conscious prejudice and discrimination. This study also tried to examine the concept of crime and to draw attention to the relationship between delinquency and immigration. By emphasizing the general logic of the concept of crime, it has been tried to emphasize that the science of criminology is also an effective factor in the formation of judgment. As the Syrian citizens, who were accepted with a certain status in Turkey as a result of the Syrian war, had to migrate due to the forced situation caused by the war, it was inevitable that some negative judgments would emerge in the social perception. In the voluntary-forced migration distinction, it is an acceptable assessment that those who voluntarily migrate to other communities are welcomed with a relatively more positive perspective and add added value to the communities they go to. This study is to investigate what kind of judgment there is about those who have to immigrate.
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It has been reported that 3.6 million Syrian refugees have sought safety in Turkiye since the civil war started in Syria. Experiencing war-related events and challenging phases of migration, refugees face various psychological disorders. Structured and adapted psychological interventions for this group are limited. To ensure the feasibility of Narrative Exposure Therapy in this context, this study aimed to explore the potential challenges during its delivery through a preliminary Focus Group with local professionals working with Syrians in Turkiye. Content analysis was used and the results led to eligibility criteria to select suitable participants for a subsequent study. These criteria include being between the ages of 20-45, fluent in Turkish and literate, having economic relief, and residing in the western region of Turkiye. This preliminary study serves as a roadmap for addressing potential obstacles for the subsequent study and a foundation for future research in this population.
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The pandemic and its consequences have affected the lives of people all over the world. But migrants were much more affected than any other population groups. The pandemic has, in the first phase, drastically reduced migration in all OECD countries, a phenomenon noted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, although migrants would have managed to ensure the functioning of some sectors strongly affected by the pandemic, such as the health, commercial and logistic, even during the restrictions period. In the midst of the pandemic, governments took exceptional measures, which limited the mobility of people and in this case, the mobility of migrants. The OECD believes that migrants have been particularly affected by the coronavirus pandemic, and as far as migration is concerned, it has been considerably reduced, an unfavorable phenomenon for both parties: both for the countries providing migration and for those receiving migration. Many of the migrants work in gastronomy, in hotels, in tourism - so exactly in the industries that were most affected by the pandemic. In the so-called HORECA sector in the EU, about a quarter of the employees come from third countries, twice more than in the rest of the economic sectors. The work contracts in the field are often very short-term. As such, the migrants were the first to be sent into unemployment. This paper aims to present an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international migration from Romania starting from the analysis of the phenomenon from the pre-pandemic period, then extending the analysis of this phenomenon for the period 2020-2021.
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For the Nestorians, who lived in and around Hakkâri for many years under the Ottoman rule, World War I represents a significant break. The Nestorians, who took the side of Russia by hoping for independence after the start of the war, had to leave their homeland Hakkâri in the following process, let alone achieving this goal. The Nestorians, who migrated to Iran's Urmia and Salmas provinces in the middle of 1915 after the expected support from Russia did not come, came under the command of the British after the October Revolution in Russia in 1917. They migrated to Iraq, which was under the control of the British. The next most important goal of the Nestorians is to establish an independent state that will include Hakkâri with the support of the British. However, the end of the British mandate in Iraq on May 30, 1932, before the promises made to them were kept, created a significant disappointment for the Nestorians. After that, under the leadership of the League of Nations, studies were started for the collective resettlement of Nestorians in Iraq, in the surrounding countries and in distant continents. But success was not achieved. As a result, the Nestorians, who were in the Entente Bloc and had to leave Hakkâri with their hopes of independence, dispersed to various areas within Iraq after nearly twenty years without achieving their goals and after suffering significant losses. In this study, the migration processes of the Nestorians of Hakkâri will be discussed from the beginning of the First World War (1935) to
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This paper explores philosopher of education Maxine Greene’s position on narratives in multicultural education. Moreover, this paper will look into notions of aesthetic education, social imagination, and “wide-awakeness”: three Greenean concepts that will be examined vis-à-vis multicultural narratives in educational contexts. This triad aims to help both the learner and the educator to emancipate multicultural narratives from the periphery, and to nurture an inclusive philosophy of education in class.
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The article examines the peculiarities of corporate culture formation and development in the modern stage of societal development, which is characterized by high levels of dynamism and conflict. It has been said that culture is something created by Man just as Man is the creation of culture, because culture influences behavior in a person from the beginning of their socialization through the assimilation of norms, values, models of behavior, etc. A person implements all of these in various types of relationships which, in turn, develop structures, organizations, and all individuals, in particular. Corporate culture becomes the basis for the development of organizations at various levels through the application of management theory, especially when considering the current state of international, intercultural relations caused by globalization and migration processes. Corporate culture plays a particularly important role in ensuring the progressive development of science and education, and in preserving the intellectual potential of the state in conditions of social contradiction and military conflict. The development of corporate culture is based on such principles as tolerance, equality and partnership, which are embodied in the relations of any organization, corporation, etc. It has been shown that culture always involves some kind of change, and through such change, corporate culture can act as the criterion that will ensure a group’s integrity under the pressure of external challenges and act as the measure of the internal stability of any team that has determined its goals, tasks and the purpose of its development and the effective implementation of its values and beliefs.
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This article presents an interim report on a study conducted in Krakow to investigate the bi- lingual/multilingual development of Ukrainian children in the context of forced migration. This project has been supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange under the NAWA Urgency Grants and aims to assess language competence in Ukrainian and Polish among 4- and 5-year-old children who have migrated from Ukraine to Poland due to Russia’s armed aggression starting 24 February 2022. In this article, the authors present the results of a vocab- ulary test conducted with 100 children in 2022. The authors highlight the methodology of the vocabulary tests conducted with bilingual preschool children, which shed light on the complexity of learning Polish in the context of forced migration. The results showed that the majority of Ukrainian pre-schoolers had limited knowledge of spoken Polish. On the other hand, the analysis revealed a considerable ability to understand Ukrainian words but a lower mastery of their use, possibly due to the primary use of Russian as a mother tongue. The study contributes to the understanding of bilingual/multilingual development under conditions of forced migration and offers valuable insights into the linguistic competences of Ukrainian preschool children, especially in Ukrainian and Polish. These findings can inform educational strategies and facilitate the integ- ration of migrant children into the host society. Further research is needed to investigate long-term language development and its impact on the well-being and academic performance of Ukrainian children affected by forced migration to Poland.
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