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Ash Amin: Land of Strangers. Cambridge-Malden, Polity Press, 2012, 205 oldal.
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The article discusses the theoretical issues of migration: the existing definitions of migration, its forms, methods of control, factors and causes of change of residence. The article contains material of a sociological survey of urban residents of the Komi Republic. Proposed measures and directions of state regulation of migration in the northern territories are offered. The article ends with the suggestions on priority measures and objectives of science and the public on the migration management.
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The accession to EU in 2004 has initiated the unprecedented in the Polish newest history mass emigration to the Western Europe – far beyond 2 millions of our countrymen reside temporary out of our state borders. Growing tendency is permanent, emigrants do not want to return to their homeland. At the same time the total fertility rate in Poland decreased dramatically in comparison to the beginning of the economic transition period (the beginning of the nineties). These demographic tendencies represent a serious threat to the future of Poland. Official forecasts suggest that in 2050 the population in Poland will decrease to the level between 32 and 36 million of people, and its age structure will be highly unfavorable. And now, since 2014, we have witnessed the unexpected new migration trend in the Ukraine-Poland direction. The estimates indicate that today about 1 million Ukrainians reside legally or illegally on the Polish territory, and their number raises. The author tries to indicate some significant statistics in order to provide necessary data for further considerations on the issue.
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Emigration from Serbia to Germany for work purposes is been established processsince the seventies. In some periods emigration took place in the background of political instability in the country, the economic crisis and the low living standard which affected the volume of migration during the 20th century. The aim of this paper is precise overview of migration flows, using data of the country of origin and destination, as well as pointing to the importance of the process of international migration and its continuous monitoring in order to establish control, define the strategy of immigration policy and solve the problem of institutional organization in data collection. The relationship among demographic phenomena, cultural identity and the concept of a multiethnic society in a time of dynamic migration movements in the world is a very important research issues.This picture does not provide a complete picture of migration flows due to limitations of data collection and their coverage.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze several myths about immigration, especially illegal immigration, in America. These myths are as follows: Immigrants come to America to improve their lives, and in doing so, they improve the lives of Americans; America is a Nation of Immigrants; Immigration improves the national economy; Immigration enhances, does not harm, American culture. In summary, the Author points out that America will experience dire political, economic, and cultural disturbances, if it does not stop the inundation of illegal immigrants at its southern border. The Author draws attention how illegal immigration is straining, if not breaking, America’s political integrity, its economic strength, and its cultural identity.
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According to the Author the haeceitas of present immigration is evangelization, global evangelization. He points out that not evangelization to a globe far away that must be traveled to, as the ancient missionaries once did, but to a globe that has arrived on our doorstep and must be cared for on our doorstep. Cared for, indeed, not just with food and clothing and shelter, but above all and primarily with truth, the truth about the faith that teaches the feeding and clothing and sheltering.
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The article is part of a social debate on Poles’ tolerance towards different cultures, races, and religions, which has a special meaning in the context of the potential possibilities of the settlement in Poland of refugees from African and Middle east countries, people from different cultural circles (mostly Muslims). The article presents data from three editions of the lubuskie Social Survey (2005, 2009 and 2014). The analysis carried out in 2005 showed that residents of the lubuskie voivodship are characterized by a relatively high level of tolerance (compared to other Polish regions) towards immigrants, foreigners and ethnic minorities. The article presents changes in the perspective of 2005–2015, when many events took place in europe and worldwide which could signi cantly change attitudes towards the indicated category. A further objective of this article is to answer the question whether and to what extent the sense of Polish identity with europe and public con dence determine opinions about immigrants in Poland.
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Self-employment is a common practice in the european Union. In 2014, this form of employment was chosen by about 16.4% of workers (eUroSTAT 2014). An increasing proportion of self-employed persons are women and immigrants, for whom self-employment offers a relatively easy way to enter the labour market. The article focuses on the entrepreneurial behaviour of Polish women in the United Kingdom. it investigates their reasons for setting up their own ventures, their entrepreneurial pro les and strategies, and work-life balance. it also looks at main threats and possibilities associated with running a business and different types of support they obtain in their entrepreneurial activities. By drawing from a variety of sources: current literature, existing employment and migration data, and the author’s own research, the study creates an opportunity to bridge the gap between the sociology of work, gender studies and migration research.
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International migration is a global phenomenon that is growing in scope, complexity and impact. Migration is both a cause and effect of broader development processes and an intrinsic feature of our constantly globalizing world. While no substitute for development, migration can be a positive force for development when supported by the right set of policies. The rise in global mobility, the growing complexity of migratory patterns and its impact on countries, migrants, families and communities have all contributed to international migration becoming a priority for the international community. Labour migration, in the modern world, has undergone and continues undergoing serious evolution. In addition to regional migration, the flows have intensified in domestic and foreign labour market. It should be pointed out that, for migration processes the following factors are critical: progress in the field of transport, development of mechanization and aviation communications as well as modern systems of communication, media and information technology. A fundamental role in the formation of migration potential and its growth in Ukraine play, on the one hand, demographic phenomena, as well as increasing unemployment; on the other hand, significant changes in the global economy, the emergence and development of powerful economic centers of the modern manufacturing industries, the comprehensive development of the service sector. Political decisions to limit labour migration in Ukraine are unlikely to play a significant role in international relations. Neither restrictive measures nor development strategy as a whole will not be able to rein in international labour migration in the short term. Two strong factors contribute to the displacement of population. These factors include the spread of a global culture, the rise of international capital, goods and people. The world community must learn to live in the conditions of mass migration in the near future.
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Regarding international migration, prevailing trend of the last decades has become an increase of migratory movements from the developing countries to the developed states. The European Union is struggling with the migration crisis since 2014 and strives to identify an effective solution to deal with the issue. Some European leaders find parallels between the inflow of the third-countries migrants from the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa to the European Union with the irregular migration from mostly Asian countries to Australia. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to answer the question: Can the Australian migration and refugee policy become a blueprint for the European Union? The article is structured as follows: First, the European migration crisis is analysed, as well as the currently applied legal measures and policies to tackle the crisis. In the second chapter, the Australian migration policy is presented. Finally, the article confronts similarities and differences of both actors, including their geopolitics; numbers of irregular migrants; legislation of the European Union and the one of Australia; as well as their obligations according to the international law. Comparison of the listed aspects allows us to sum up suitability of the Australian model for the European Union.
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The article describes migration policy in Sweden and changes within immigration and integration policies. Sweden uses multicultural model which is based on cherishing both cultures, the culture of majority as well as the migrant´s original culture. Very important part of the integrational process is education, especially language and culture learning. Adults are offered special free courses, children study Swedish language and culture at school as part of the curriculum.
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Austrougarska okupacija Bosne i Hercegovine 1878. godine izazvala je jak pokret iseljavanja muslimanskog stanovništva u Tursku i druge krajeve pod njenom upravom, naročito u Sandžak i Makedoniju. Tačan broj iseljenih, nažalost, nije nikada utvrđen. Računa se da je tokom austrougarske uprave iz Bosne i Hercegovine u Tursku odselilo oko 140.000 Bošnjaka. Bio je to ne samo izraz neprihvatanja novog stanja, nego i znak duboke duhovne povezanosti tog stanovništva sa Turskom.
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Post-accession migration of Poles observed at the local level is complementary with wider social change of Polish post-communist and post-EU enlargement society. Migration processes are components of soft modernization, well seen through the lens of social remittances which stand for all non-material resources such as norms, values, skills, and practices which are transferred between destination and origin. In order to capture them, specific methodology needs to be applied which has been defined in this article as transnational multisited qualitative longitudinal study (QLS). The detailed analysis of methodological procedure got illustrated by empirical accounts of social impact of migration on selected local communities in Poland. The application of QLS unlocks window of opportunities for getting an in-depth access to the heart of migratory processes on both meso and micro levels and facilitates the reconstruction of roles of individuals in these processes.
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This paper discusses the challenges of researching peer groups through a multi-focal, temporal lens in a retrospective manner. Embedded in a broader “Peer Groups & Migration” Qualitative Longitudinal Study (QLS), the article focuses on recruiting young respondents (aged 19-34 at present) who originally come from one of the three medium-sized towns in Polish localities and are either migrants or stayers connected to mobile individuals. The respondents are tracked retrospectively and asked to discuss their adolescence, as well encouraged to provide contacts to their youth Peer Group members. Based on fieldwork experiences and field access challenges, four models of recruiting migrants’ high school peer groups are presented. Furthermore, variants and rationales of non-recruitment are also provided. Focusing on the process of establishing a long-term and large-scale peer panel in the QLS, the paper contributes detailed know-how and strategies around participant recruitment.
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The study outlines the processes of migration from Hungary, based on the latest empirical data (2014-2016). First, the paper analyses the development of a willingness to migrate; then it outlines the recent trends in the migration processes (both labour migration and emigration) and the social characteristics of the migrants. The study finds that the proportion of those planning to migrate has continuously increased since the 1990s, while their social characteristics have not changed: the probability of migration is higher in those social groups which have significant effects on the future of Hungary (both demographically and in regard to the conditions of the labor market). They are the young, the unmarried, men and the skilled/educated groups. The paper assumes that migration will generate more and sharper political and social reactions, and highlights that to understand the migration process, (its causes as well as its effects), it is essential to recognize and identify different perspectives and to separate different types of migration (short- and long-term, one-way and circular, diaspora and emigration, etc.).
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The study focuses primarily on the demographic dynamics inter-county migration in Romania and, more specifically, Transylvania, with special emphasis on the ethnic Hungarians from Transylvania. Internal migration processes in Romania played an important role in the changing structure of the population, both from the perspective of the structural change within the localities, and from the point of view of the national minorities. For Transylvanian Hungarians, the most serious challenges were posed by the different rhythm of reproduction and by the fact that the internal migration has fundamentally changed the ethnic composition of the regions inhabited by Hungarians
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In our country, it is known that urbanization has been accelerated after 1950s. However, it is not extensively scrutinized that how has urbanization - shaped by migration from rural to urban- actualised qualitatively. Aforesaid migration processes are evaluated within the framework of generally as linear and pure economic dimension. In fact rural-urban migration processes in our country have gradually taken place with “emotional factors” apart from purely economic factors. In addition mentioned migration processes are different from migration processes in industrialized European countries. In our country the “emotional dimension’ of rural-urban migration process can be understood through the “homesickness” concept. “Homesickness” means the state of “being away from home” and “being away from the place that someone born and lived” or “being in foreign lands” metaphorically. Homesickness perception has undergone a change over time. Being scrutunized of this change is important for determining the main motivation of the periodic variation of internal migration process. In this study, first, it will be scrutinized that how ‘homesickness’ brings forth genuine character to internal migration. Then, it will be touched on the change in internal migration perception and also “homesickness perception” of those who migrated from rural to urban will be put forth.
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The cohabitation in a multicultural society asks for an inter-subjectivity in terms of unity and specificity. It requires that the individual be recognized, and together become authentic partners of dialogue. In encountering others, some points of insertions may be needed but with the necessity to respect the principle of distinction, and to have an objective to look on the risk of separation or the one of confusion. Cultural diversity allows then the dialectic that will be shown in the training liberties by constructive dialogue. When diversity, an archetypal value of cohabitation breaks the challenges of the exclusivist “we” and the one of a bitter “they”, it results in a cross-culturality, as long as self and other gratitude, and to an interior and exterior reconciliation. Living together in a world of a plurality of culture, is not an impoverishment, or a personal ruin, because every cultural identity can reveal itself and transform our life.
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