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Tolerance as Core Value and Communication Principle

Author(s): Elina Minnullina,Zhanna Vavilova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to study the phenomenon of tolerance as an ethical and communication principle. There are some risks of appealing to tolerance. It can be argued that moral relativism does not allow for justification of norms of tolerance. One of the consequences of taking tolerance as the fundamental principle of interactions is that it can turn into a cultural separatism that alienates people. In total accord with the idea that relativistic tolerance makes criticism impossible, we would like to further develop the concept of tolerance and to consider a different angle. Relativistic interpretation of this notion leads to an ambiguous position, when tolerance does not lead to stabilizing relationships, but conditions separation between people, arbitrariness, and permissiveness, including admissibility of social injustice. We could call such kind of behavior a «seeming tolerance» that is replacing in reality the concepts of indifference and passive concession.

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Improvement of Coordination Abilities through Dancesport among Middle Schoolers

Author(s): Cristina Elena Moraru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the process of educating body stance included within aesthetic-artistic education, dance occupies an important role because it embodies harmoniously music, movement, and coordination between the two. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the education of coordination abilities of middle schoolers in order for them to obtain a correct and harmonious body stance. The sample for this research comprised 16 female students aged between 10 and 14; I followed their evolution throughout a school year and the progress achieved regarding the education of coordination abilities. Practices comprised steps and step structures specific to dancesport, such as slow waltz, Viennese waltz, quickstep, samba, and cha-cha. The tests applied to the group were as follows: the test for skill speed (relay), the rhythm test, the Matorin test, and the motor memory test. Upon interpreting the results, it is worth pointing out an improvement of average values and standard deviation in relay from 19.685 ±0.913 to 19.064 ±0.842, an increase in grades to the rhythm test from 9.06 ± 0.771 to 9.75± 0.447, and an improvement of average values to the motor memory test from 8.18 ± 0.75 to 9.12 ± 0.619. To the Matorin test performed leftwards, an evolution of the average was observed from 345.714 ±31.735 to 362.5 ±27.368, and to the one performed rightwards, the mean value increased from 351.071 ± 24.975 to 371.428 ± 17.697. As a general conclusion, it may be stated that the means of dancesport contributed to the education of certain coordination abilities, which stands to confirm the hypothesis of this study.

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Relationship between Self-Actualization and Loneliness in Young Adults

Author(s): Carolina Perjan,Sergiu Sănduleac,Victoria Plămădeală / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present study is aimed to test the relationship between loneliness and self-actualization of young adults. Three different instruments of loneliness investigation for a total 8 scale were completed by a sample of young adults, based on a Moldovan university-student sample of 304 participants aged 20 to 25 years (m=22.59, SD=2.07). The integrated research of phenomenon of loneliness uses the benefits of one-dimensional scales as well as the benefits of the multidimensional scales with the reference to the type of the loneliness. To make an emphasis on the integrated approach of the loneliness in research it was used both, one-dimensional and multidimensional scales. One-dimensional scale UCLA correlates with self-actualization factors: time ration, self-regard, human values, spontaneity, sociability, nature of mankind, flexibility. Subscales of multidimensional Schmidt – Sermat Differential Loneliness Scale correlate with the following self-actualization factors: time ratio, self-regard, spontaneity, nature of mankind, sociability, human values, self-acceptance and human nature. All the scales of the Korchagina’s loneliness scale correlates with: time ratio, human nature, cognitive ratio, self-acceptance, self – regard. General indicators of loneliness (UCLA, Schmidt – Sermat Differential Loneliness Scale scale, Korchagina’s loneliness scale) are in a straight relation with the general self-actualization indicators. However, a weak self-actualization has a direct influence on the probability of the loneliness symptoms. The present research shows that loneliness in its different contexts of manifestation is in strong relationship with self-actualization factors. The present paper suggests developing and implementing a psychosocial intervention program with the aim of self-actualization growing in order to diminish loneliness in young adults.

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Formative Valences of Presentation Graphics Software between Myth and Reality

Author(s): Ana Maria Aurelia Petrescu,Gabriel Gorghiu,Ioana Stăncescu,Laura Monica Gorghiu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the context of the on-going reform of the Romanian education, the use of modern educational means (audio-video – mostly in digital format, virtual experiments and simulations, educational software) represents an obvious sign of connecting the school to the imperatives of the contemporary society. The teacher of the 21st century cannot call the attention of the students just using traditional means of learning and teaching strategies, mainly when applying rigid methods, even coercive ones. The modern teachers should possess a range of professional skills which must enable to achieve an educational quality process: communication skills, ways to identify the students’ needs, the aspirations and the potentialities of each student, socio-emotional skills, integrated approach to the curriculum, planning, organizing and analyzing abilities, monitoring and evaluation abilities, and not in the end, digital skills. Coming near the digital skills, it has to be noticed that in recent years, the use of presentation graphics software (using Power Point or Prezi by example) in academic lectures and seminars, becomes more common, understood as in accordance to the student’s centered educational paradigm and the actual trends of higher education modernization. The paper aims to illustrate an analysis concerning the advantages and limits of using presentation graphics software, as qualitative criteria in the teaching-learning process. In this sense, a questionnaire was developed and applied to a representative sample of students, in order to identify their perceptions about the effects of academic lectures and seminars where teachers use presentations – designed with the help of presentation graphics software – as teaching and learning resources.

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Olympic Games in Time of Cold War

Author(s): Cristina Lucretia Pop / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Cold War ran from roughly 1947 until the USSR collapse in 1991. Those years were marked by the arms race and the fear of a possible nuclear war between the USA and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Sports were used as a vehicle for superiority of one political regime over the other. Champion athletes image and results were used as propaganda means because the international visibility, the public interest in major sports competitions and the national pride they aroused. U.S.A., after losing the top nation position in favor of Soviet Union in 1956 and 1960, considered winning in Olympic Games a matter of national prestige. The athlete for whom the flag is hoisted and the national anthem is sung, is the bearer of this prestige and his or her performance is inevitably associated with the country and system effectiveness. In the Olympics arena, the Cold War culminates in the boycott of the 1980 and 1984 Games. The main research question of this paper is if in present time we can address the sporting Cold War as an historic, past issue or a new stage of rivalry still persists influencing the Olympic movement? The changes that were made in the international political landscape since 1989 were reflected in the Olympic Games in Barcelona 1992 participation, when for the first time since 1972, no country boycotted the Olympic competition. Throughout the Cold War, U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. have used the Olympic Games and their athletes as opportunities for promoting their political agenda. The end of the Cold War could not prevent the politics to interfere in sport, especially in Olympic movement.Keywords: Olympic movement, political tensions, boycotts, propaganda, nations top ranking.

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Analysis of the Influence of Sensorimotor Coordination Development on Floor Acrobatic Training in Women’s Artistic Gymnastics

Author(s): Vladimir Potop / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to highlight the influence of sensorimotor coordination development on biomechanical characteristics in double back somersault executed on the floor by junior gymnasts aged 12 to 15 years. The following methods were used to achieve the goal and objectives of the research: analysis of specialized literature; method of pedagogical observation; method of pedagogical experiment; method of tests; video computerized method of biomechanical analysis; statistical-mathematical method and method of graphical representation. A number of 3 tests of evaluation of sensorimotor coordination were used during this study: test 1 –”Briuk” test, static balance; test 2 – static-kinematic stability and test 3 – stuck landing. The biomechanical analysis was made by means of Physics ToolKit program, monitoring the key elements of sports technique used in double back somersault on floor. The study findings show the level of sensorimotor coordination development in terms of spatial-temporal orientation, vestibular coordination and balance, kinematic and dynamic analysis of sports technique key elements regarding body segments trajectories, angular speeds and force momentum during double back somersault on floor. Also, the evaluation of sensorimotor coordination consistent with the biomechanical analysis of sports technique of floor acrobatic elements in the case of junior gymnasts aged 12 to 15 highlights their influence on the technical training and performances achieved in competitions.

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Educational Responsibility in Efficient Implementation of European Policy Concerning the Energy Market

Author(s): Victoriţa Rădulescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Economic and energetic trans-border exchanges, specialists educated in universities from the entire world represent now a reality. Only international exchanges can ensure economic growth in medium or long term. This article, divided into six parts aims for highlighting the importance of international energy exchanges. The European legislation developed by the Report of High-Level Reflection Group of Energy Community, in accordance with the European Market was implemented in Romania. The national authority creates permanent feedbacks transformed into concepts transmitted to students, future European Union specialists. The Pan-European energy market represents a target for all countries, members or not of the European Union. Some proposals and implementation rules, connected to the Romanian free Energy Market represent another target for teaching the students. Two dimensions of flexibility must interfere. The European acquis needed to be adapted to the socio-economic situation of the Contracting Parties. Creativity and homogeneity will be well balanced at each individual state case. The Energetic Community believes institutional changes are necessary. Some investments in the “citizen benefits” complete the actual image of the Romanian Energy Market, as part of the European Energetic Community. The framework implementation and some government agreements may provide further assurance to the energetic guarantors. They will act as a complement to another initiative such as the Action Plan for Growth in Central and SE part of Europe. One of its roles will be to provide a “one-stop-shop” for the mobilization of finance directed to the priority projects. Finally, some conclusions and main references are presented.

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Policy and Improper Management of the Dams realized by Local Materials with Possible Risk in Exploitation

Author(s): Victoriţa Rădulescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present paper presents a study case of improper rehabilitation and inefficient management of the water volume from two hydropower lakes, with dams realized by local materials. Romania has hydraulic potential, water being one of the most available resources. Realization of dams by local materials represents one of the most economic and efficient solutions, well used at large scale in Romania during ‘80. In this article is presented a study-case with two dams improperly executed and maintained. Nowadays, local authorities are confronted with infiltration and erosion appeared into both lateral sides of the dikes. The article structured into seven parts intends to cover some theoretical and practical aspects referring to the exploitation and modeling of the appeared problems. The dam execution was not correlated with the local geographic conditions, climatic parameters, soils and water characteristics, but mainly with the basic geologic considerations. The numerical model was calibrated based on these observations. Some mathematical aspects, based on three theoretical models of infiltration through materials with different shapes, characteristics, and dimensions are scheduled. The flow through cross-sections is a permanent flow, due to constant infiltration. Some obtained results for infiltration velocities and streamlines are illustrated. Several proposed and tested solutions to reduce the erosion and infiltration and to optimize the management of the lake are mentioned in sixth part. The conducted study is a request of local authorities, in order to improve the performance of these hydropower lakes. Finally, the paper ends with some discussions, conclusions, and references.

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The Impact of Social Media Engagement Metrics on Purchase Intention: A Study on Brand Fan Page Followers

Author(s): Zoha Rahman,Kumaran Suberamanian,Sedigheh Mogavvemi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Research on the impact of social media users’ engagement action on purchase intention still remains in its infancy. It is necessary for a company to gauge whether or not its efforts to stimulate user activity on its fan pages are successful in generating output. This study utilized the Uses and Gratification (UGT) theory and Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) as a foundation to explore the social media engagement actions and examined the effect of users’ engagement actions alongside their purchase intention. An online survey was carried out on four popular companies’ fan page followers in various industries in Malaysia, and a total of 307 questionnaires were collected and analysed. The findings indicated a significant relationship between fan page engagement and Purchase intension. The results will help e-commerce marketers identify the importance of social media engagement on sales, while guiding e-marketers on their decision pertaining to e-marketing tools, particularly for engagement metrics in increasing sales. The study will also provide marketers with a descriptive idea on users’ activities. Overall, the study serves as a basic fundamental guideline for academicians and researchers to interpret the concept of engagement metrics and its effect on purchase intention, as well opening a vast area of unexplored researches on the subject of social media.

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An Analysis of Public Pay Policy from the Perspective of Ethical and Legal Principles. Case Study: Draft Law on Public Employees’ Pay

Author(s): Viorel Rotilă,Traian Palade / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this article, we analyze the public pay policy of Romanian public employees from the perspective of certain mandatory principles in this respect. Thus, we consider that a few relevant methodological aspects should be considered in the elaboration of the bill on the salaries of the public employees, in order to minimize the potential negative social impact; these aspects are: a) Through pilot studies, the bill should avoid the effects such as the law of unintended consequences. The unitary wage law of budgetary staff has a public policy nature. Any public policy assumes the risk of confronting the law of unintended consequences, in particular the Cobra effect (governors’ good intention has a contrary effect); b) Evidence-based action. Interventions must be based on prior studies and the political decision must be preceded by technical analysis. The absence of technical analyses is one of the major drawbacks of this political initiative, and evidence of inadequacy is already visible; c) The rules for the construction of the entire project must be defined beforehand. In other words, the construction must be based on clear principles and rules, capable of generating reasonable predictions on its consequences. We reviewed the bill from these perspectives. The study includes short impact assessments both on the medical staff – doctors, nurses and nursing staff – and on the non-medical staff. In this way, we have demonstrated some of the problems faced by this initiative regarding public employee pay policy.

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The Educational Failure in an International School

Author(s): Claudia Sălceanu,Raluca Silvia Matei / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The school failure, as a complex system of manifestations, such as absenteeism, the poor school performance, the lack of interest in different school subjects, difficulties in adapting to the requirements of the educational system is the central core of this research. The study was conducted on a sample of 92 students from two schools in Constanta: an international school and a secondary school of mainstream education. There was developed a questionnaire for the students, containing questions aiming to provide answers to the main objectives of the study. A comparison was made between the two educational systems. The authors aim to capture the following aspects: (1) The identification of the family’s role in the educational process; (2) The identification of the disciplines with worst results at school and the explanation of school failure in these domains; (3) The identification of the obstacles to school progress, perceived by the students; (4) Describing the relationship between teacher and student; (5) The identification of the perception concerning the volume and complexity of homework; (6) Describing students’ attitude towards the process of evaluation and identifying the level of students’ satisfaction / dissatisfaction concerning the evaluation method; (7) Highlighting both positive and negative means of motivating which are preferred by students within the instructive-educational process. In the end of the study, there is a debate on the conclusions and practical implications of the study.

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Farm-based Education: A Comparative Study of Romania and Ukraine

Author(s): Elena Mirela Samfira,Hasan Arslan,Viktor Vus / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Farm-based education represents a relatively new concept for educational research domain. There are many countries where farm-based education activities are well organised, and the results are appreciated by both children and adults. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a survey applied to 303 university students from two universities of Romania and Ukraine, related to farm-based education. The students’ majors were Agriculture, Environmental Protection, and Agricultural Management, because they are closely related to farm-based education. As variables were used age, environment, year of study and major. The analysis was realised with a SPSS software, and results show there are no statistically significant differences in age, year of study and environment, between students from Romania and from Ukraine. This aspect of the research may reflect that, though there are two countries with different cultural models, students think in a similar way, maybe as a consequence of globalization. Using ANOVA multiple comparisons, result present that the mean in the students majoring in Environmental protection is significantly different from that of the students majoring in Agricultural Management. The results may reflect the open-mindedness of future specialists in these domains towards farm-based education activities, which encourage learning in children with different behaviours and mentalities.

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The Relationship of Body Composition and Aerobic Exercise Capacity

Author(s): Cristian Florian Savu,Constantin Pehoiu,Silviu Andrei Badea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Determining multifactorial phenomenon, the physical heritage also depends on hereditary and environmental conditions, in particular economic and social. To this body it is very responsive and therefore physical development can be regarded as an accurate indicator of health. Today, the food supply occurs frequently too extensive consequences such overload the body with fat and overweight installation. Also in the modern world it is confused with the new aesthetic conceptions, new trends in fashion, with frequent exposure to stress and bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs). In this context it may occur body homeostasis disorders or abnormal weight decrease or counterclockwise, bulimia and body fat overload. Regulation of body weight requires permanent control of the main constituents of body lean mass and fat mass, which is dependent evolution of nutrition and physical activity. Keeping an optimum composition is one means of improving and maintaining health. The aerobic capacity is an important component of physical fitness because it reflects the overall capacity of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems to cope with a prolonged and vigorous exercise. In terms of health, the high level of cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with decreased risk for certain diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes, certain malignancies etc. Fight against nutritional disorders can’t be achieved only under physiological adaptation mechanisms of the body. Adaptation theory is based on physiological reasoning. Thus, we believe that differences between individuals arise from mutations or adaptations to particular climatic or geographic conditions that influenced survival at a time.

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“Yes They Can?” – An Empirical Study on the Effect of Slogans in Brand Awareness

Author(s): Paulo Silveira,Susana Galao,Graca Penteado / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Slogans are a verbal or written expression of the brand marketing positioning and, consequently, should aim to benefit the brand. The brand equity concept includes several dimensions, and those might be developed or reinforced by each branding marketing action. Brand awareness is a component of brand equity and, therefore, might be influenced by marketing communications, which includes the slogan. The main research question addressed in this paper is to analyse if slogans might influence brand awareness. To achieve that goal, an empirical quantitative study was conducted among a sample of three hundred and seventy mobile telecom service consumers, gathering primary data via an on-line questionnaire. The variables considered were slogan recall, slogan recognition and spontaneous brand awareness for three different mobile telecom brands. The results obtained reveal a positive association between slogan recall and brand awareness in two of the brands in study. The results also show that those two brands were the ones with the highest awareness levels.

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The Institutions of Public Administration of Child’s Protection of the Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Andrei Smochina,Tatiana Focsa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The state has a fundamental responsibility towards the destiny of every citizen, especially towards the children that represent the future of the country. The state contribution to the activity of child protection is manifested by guaranteeing the functioning of institutions, services and public or private structures which are responsible for child care and protection. Social protection of people in general and of children in particular represents the key-element of the social reforms and the main direction of the state social policy. As social activity, the public administration fulfills the general interest expressed within the law, accordingly being the activity that organizes and enforces the law till the concrete material fact. The public authorities intervene every time when the child’s development, safety or physical and moral integrity are endangered. The research issue consists in determining the institutions of public administration of child’s protection and analyzing the competences of these institutions regulated in the European acts, in the normative acts of the Republic of Moldova and in many other acts that are subordinated to the law. The analysis of the national judicial practice shows that in all cases which are related directly or indirectly to the best interest of the child, the presence of the guardianship authority is mandatory. The best interest of the child is the principle that represents the supreme concern in the judicial and extrajudicial procedures with children involvement. Thus, all regulations approved in the field of respecting and promoting the child’s rights, as well as any legal act issued or, according to case, concluded within the mentioned field are subordinated with priority to the principle of the best interest of the child. Thus, by the given investigation, the authors tend to reveal which of public authorities is involved in the protection of child’s rights, as well as to analyze the practices of the European states regarding the subject under discussion.

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Students’ Perceptions Concerning their Involvement in Sciences Lessons Learning Activities

Author(s): Ioana Stăncescu,Ana Maria Aurelia Petrescu,Luminiţa Mihaela Drăghicescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the contemporary educational settings, it becomes a priority to have a qualitative education, taking into consideration the students’ real needs and placing them in the center of the educational process. In this context, it is obvious that the learning process, specific to the students, has to support significant changes, following a well-defined trajectory from passive, mechanical learning, extrinsically motivated to an active and proactive, profound and intrinsically motivated learning. Learning in a school context is a complex and not at all easy process, which aims to achieve positive accumulations and transformations in the way of thinking, feeling and acting of the students. To achieve effective learning is extremely important for the teacher to create opportunities for each student in the process of experiencing successful learning, being interesting how students relates to learning outcomes and what are their opinions about the learning activity. In this sense, the paper aims to investigate the upper secondary school students’ perceptions considering their learning process in relation to Sciences lessons. For this purpose, in the context of the FP7 PROFILES project, we pursued an analysis based on the feed-back offered by 529 students to a questionnaire, built with predefined responses placed on a Likert scale with seven steps. The questions were oriented on important issues related to the learning activity, like the manifestation of their skills within the Sciences lessons subjects, perception concerning the difficulty/ease of learning new things, thoughts about the difficulty of school tasks and perception regarding their academic performance, associated with success or failure in the proposed learning activity.

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The Self-Efficacy of the Emerging Adult, Student or Graduate

Author(s): Mihaela Stomff,Dan Vasiliu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This research aimed to highlight a model of self-efficacy in emerging adults (ages 18/20 – 30 years). We selected a sample of 191 participants, students and graduates. Our goal was to identify the optimum period of intervention to prevent the abandon and capitalization of the latent abilities of these young people. According to a report of the NASOR [14], the rate of academic studies abandon is of 40 per cent. At the same time, there is a significant number of students or graduates who do not succeed to secure a position suitable to their academic training and thus the opportunity of enhancing the development area closest to them. Between the ages of 18 and 26 we noticed a decrease of the records of the perceived self-efficacy, with a minimum between 25 and 26 years. The reasons could be some artefacts coming from their adolescence period, the changing of the paradigm linked to the educational system (different in the academic environment), the tendency towards independence and the confrontation with difficulties in ensuring adequate material conditions, the low perception of the practical utility of the accumulated knowledge. We identified a peak of the high scores of self-efficacy, statistically significant, around the age of 27. The explanation may be due to positive changes such as: the first professional achievements, followed by the emergence of new career opportunities, the future oriented perspective regarding the foundation of a family. We did not ascertain gender regarding differences.

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The Development of the Innovative Potential in the Academic Environment of the Republic of Moldova – a Wish or a Necessity?

Author(s): Alina Suslenco / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper, we made a theoretical and applied insight regarding the concept of innovative potential, creativity, and, we also tried to explain the need to develop the creativity in universities of the Republic of Moldova. Therefore, in order to be competitive, universities need to develop and create ideas, innovative products by capitalizing teachers’ and students’ potential towards the emergence of new inventions, innovative products. The university environment is characterized by creation of a favourable atmosphere for innovation. Nowadays, the universities are in fierce competition, and must demonstrate competence, exceptional abilities and an impressive capacity to capitalize the innovative potential. Only by assuming these values, universities will become real vectors of knowledge and will walk, with firm steps, on the path of sustainable competitiveness.The present paper is focused on the use the following methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, scientific abstraction. In conclusion, we can mention that the university environment must capitalize the academics’ innovative potential. It must also capitalize the students’ potential in order to be competitive and achieve a high students’ employability in the labour market by forming special skills and abilities.

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Consideration regarding the celebration of Dragobete and Saint Valentine in the Oltenia region

Author(s): Bianca-Mădălina Teodorescu,Oprea Valentin Busu,Răzvan - Alexandru Călin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article is a comparative and holistic analysis of two celebrations, Saint Valentine and Dragobete, which have the same subject, namely celebrating love. The main purpose of this article is to explain how these two celebrations are celebrated in Romania nowadays, especially in the Oltenia region. We resorted to different types of researching methods such as: participative observation, questionnaires, interviews and meta-analytical method to prove which of these two celebrations are considered more important in our society. In the last years, Saint Valentine has become an important celebration for Romania’s society and it has almost taken over the meaning of our traditional celebration of love. Based on our research, we wanted to better understand this phenomenon, how an imported celebration as Saint Valentine has created its own rituals in the Romania’s culture. Romanian celebration of love is still considering Dragobete, but it doesn’t have the same intensity as it used to have in the past any more. From our research, we discovered that both Saint Valentine and Dragobete receive almost the same attention from people, but the former one is celebrated more in the cities than in the countryside. People from the countryside are less exposed to the influence of Saint Valentine, so it is celebrated in a few villages in Oltenia. However, the Oltenia villages are closer from the anthropology’s perspective to Dragobete and they are more aware of the importance of the Romanian tradition. Also, we found out that neither Saint Valentin nor Dragobete are celebrated in a few villages from the Oltenia region.

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Defensive Medicine: Myths and Realities

Author(s): Grigore Tinica,Mihaela Tomaziu-Todosia,Gabriel-Catalin Tomaziu-Todosia,Raluca Ozana Christol,Diana Bulgaru-Iliescu,Cristina Furnica / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The phenomenon of defensive medicine existed for decades in the United States but in Romania emerged lately following malpractice litigation and mass media aggression. Defensive medicine develops when doctors prescribe tests or procedures and avoid to treat high-risk patients or to perform certain high-risk procedures in order to reduce the risk of medical liability. This essay discusses the basis and principles of defensive medicine, analyses its causes and effects and debates the major problems affecting Romanian healthcare system, notably cross-border medical assistance. Finally, the authors examine alternatives to prevent defensive medicine practices with emphasis on cardiovascular surgery. Among physicians, some degree of defensive medicine will always exist, as long as malpractice risks shadow the doctors’ every footstep.

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