„Záleží na nás, ako sa dohodneme“.

Author(s): Tomáš Hrustič / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Kapitola o účasti Rómov na súčasnom politickom dianí sa nedá začať inak, ako spomienkou na udalosti nežnej revolúcie v novembri 1989 a úryvok z vyhlásenia práve sa formujúcej Rómskej občianskej iniciatívy (ROI), v ktorom okrem iného stálo: „Bratia a sestry Rómovia! Prebuďte sa! Prišiel deň, na ktorí naši predkovia dlhé roky čakali. Ten deň je tu. Rómovia, ktorí žijú v našej krajine, môžu prvýkrát zobrať svoj osud do vlastných rúk. Teraz záleží na nás, ako sa dohodneme, ako budeme držať spolu a čo spravíme pre naše deti. Spojme sa s ľuďmi, ktorí sú ochotní nás počúvať. Ide o Občianske fórum...“ (Pečínka, 2003: 2). Toto vyhlásenie bolo súčasťou príprav na založenie Rómskej občianskej iniciatívy (ROI), ktorá zároveň mobilizovala Rómov na účasť v revolučných udalostiach. Zakladatelia ROI 26. novembra 1989 prehovorili po boku zástupcov Občianskeho fóra k státisícovému davu na Letenskej pláni v Prahe. V revolučnom nadšení dav skandoval: „Ať žijí Romové!“ (op. cit.).

Bíkulturní zkušenost a její vliv na identitu mladých Vietnamců v České republice

Author(s): Mai Hoa Nguyenová,Jan Širůček / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Ačkoli jsou Vietnamci jednou z největších národnostních menšin u nás a druhá generace původních přistěhovalců již dospěla a začíná zakládat rodiny, skutečnost, že se jimi psychologická odborná literatura v Česku téměř nezabývá, může být stále opakována jako mantra. Přitom právě v případě druhé generace (těch, kteří se již v Česku narodili), respektive jedenapůlté generace Vietnamců (těch, kteří se sem s rodinou přistěhovali během dětství či dospívání) badatelům nemůže překážet jazyková bariéra. Tito mladí lidé totiž díky svému vyrůstání v českém prostředí zdatně ovládají nejen jazyk, ale také si osvojili mnoho znalostí, které s místním kulturním povědomím souvisí. Zároveň se však odmalička setkávají s kulturou, která s tou českou může stát v příkrém kontrastu — s kulturou vietnamskou, pocházející ze země mnoho tisíc kilometrů vzdálené. Jak lze tuto bikulturní zkušenost charakterizovat? A jak může ovlivnit formování identity těchto mladých lidí, kteří na prahu dospělosti přemítají nad podobnými otázkami jako jejich čeští vrstevníci — tedy kým jsou a kam patří? Těmito otázkami se kromě samotných Vietnamců zabývali rovněž autoři této kvalitativní studie, jež má vzhledem ke stavu psychologické odborné literatury v tuzemsku explorativní charakter a představuje příspěvek k možné diskusi nejen na téma mladých Vietnamců, ale také o životě a integraci cizinců v naší zemi obecně.

The Jews of Iraq

Author(s): Birgit Ammann / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Describing the Jewish communities in the multi-religious history of Iraq can only take place from a historical perspective, simply because they no longer exist. Apart from a few individuals, there is no future perspective at this point in time.

Armenians of Iraq

Author(s): Seda D. Ohanian / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Armenians have been living in Mesopotamia – modern Iraq – from times immemorial. According to Herodotus, the Hellenic father of history, Armenians used to travel, long before the Christian era, from Armenia to Nineveh and Babylon over the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, importing, by means of round rafts, Armenian wines, dried fruits, fine horses, wheat, nuts and many other products. Historical accounts indicate that Tigranes the Great (king of Armenia during the Artaxiad dynasty from 190 BC to AD 12) defeated enemy armies of several countries, who endangered Armenia’s security. Amongst these countries, he subdued Adiabene (Mosul) in 83 BC, which allowed Armenians to travel from the Armenian highlands to Mesopotamia, reaching as far as Basra and further down the Persian Gulf to the Far East.

The Yazidis: Religion, Society and Resentments

Author(s): Thomas Schmidinger / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

No religious minorities in Iraq was more affected by the violence of the so-called ‘Islamic State’ (ISIS) than the Yazidis (sometimes spelled Yezidis or Êzîdî in Kurmancî) who suffered genocidal attacks by the jihadis in August 2014. However, the jihadist groups in August 2007 and in August 2014 were not the first to attack the Yazidis. For centuries they suffered under resentments and perennial violence by Muslims who accused them of ‘devil worshipping’- a well-cultivated misunderstanding of their ancient religion.

Kakai Internal Displacement in Kirkuk and the Fear of Violence from the So-called Islamic State in Iraq (ISIS)

Author(s): Seyedehbehnaz Hosseini / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Kakai, also called Yārsan or Ahl-e Haqq, follow a religion that emerged thousands of years ago. Their monotheist religion has four principles: Pāki, Rīsti, Nīsti, and Radā. Kakai speak a distinct language called ‘Macho’, a Gūrani Kurdish dialect, and are famous for agriculture and shepherding. They show a strong passion for playing music, because music is an essential part of their religion and rituals. Originally, Kakai believe in Doon-a-Doon (life after death), where a soul passes 1,000 Doon within 50,000 years, and continuously moves from one body to another until it reaches perfection. They also believe that God manifested himself in different souls, such as Ali (the first Shia Imam) and Shah Khoshin, before embodying himself in the form of Sultan Sahak, the founder of the Kakai religion. Kakai also believe that after 1001 transmigrations, the soul comes back to an everlasting home, and everything becomes part of God . In every period, someone had a sense of God, and each period was called the ‘period of Yār’.

Град и миграции - визуализации на пространството

Author(s): Meglena Zlatkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper problematizes on the urban spaces, analyzing the discourses of: (national) majority, minorities, the newcomers (migrants), the others, emphasizing on the forms of visualization. The case of the towns of Tsarevo and Pomorie in Bulgaria and Edirne in Turkey are presented by the two migrant groups that have crossed the Bulgarian-Turkish border and settled in particular urban neighbourhoods. The visual approach in the urban anthropology requires a specific methodology starting from the material environment of the city and its public spaces to the social and cultural relationships of the urban inhabitants and the invisible aspects of their symbolic layer as memory and heritage. The paper analyzes the strategies and valorization and legitimation of the heritage of migration and heirs, who trace their places of everyday life and festivity. The fieldwork research was done among the heirs of the so called “Thracian Bulgarians”, living in Tsarevo and Pomorie and the Turks, born in Bulgaria and resettled in Turkey in Edirne.

Göçmen Radikalizmi ve Göçmen Nihilizmi Üzerine. Ortadoğu’dan Türkiye’ye Göçler Üzerine Düşünceler

Author(s): Mehmet Evkuran / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Hangi nedenle olursa olsun göç, sadece bir ‘yer değiştirme’ değildir. İnsanlar üzerinde derin ve kalıcı izler bırakır. Göç eden insan ve guruplar, dünyayı ve kendi değerlerini kökten bir yeniden gözden geçirmeye zorlanırlar. Bu radikal pozisyon, evdeki rahat ve huzurun bozulmasının bir sonucu-dur. Göç, eğer iç savaş gibi travmatik olaylardan kaynaklanıyorsa, değerlerin alt üst oluşuna da yol açabilir. Ya da tam karşıtı değer ve inançlara radikal dönüşlere de neden olabilir. Nihilizm ile radikalizm arasında bocalayan göçmen, bu sorunu aşmak için çeşitli yollar denemek durumundadır.

Avusturya’da Türkler: Göçmenlik, Etnisite ve Din

Author(s): Ahmet Çekin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra üretim kapasitesini yeniden harekete geçiren Avrupa ülkeleri, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’na kadar yerli iş gücüyle kalkınmalarını devam ettirmişlerdir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı başlayınca savaşın öngörülenden daha uzaması ve erkeklerin büyük çoğunluğunun askere alınmaları sebebiyle kadın işçiler devreye sokulmuştur. Savaş sonunda oluşan nüfus dengesizliği, kadın işçilerin ağır sanayi koşullarında ihtiyaç duyulan işgücünü karşılamasına yetmemiştir. Bir yandan sanayinin çarklarını döndürmek, diğer yandan da savaşın yıkıcı etkilerini ortadan kaldırarak ülkeleri yeniden inşa etmek için acil iş gücüne ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu ihtiyacı karşılamak ve sanayi ülkelerinin eksilen nüfuslarını ikame etmek için yeni bir yol bulunmuştur: “misafir işçiler”. Bu amaçla Avrupa dışındaki ülkelerden işçi alımına başlanmıştır.

Amerika'da Türkler: Göçmenlik, Etnisite ve Din

Author(s): Mustafa Bakırcı / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Göç ve göçmenlik kavramları, kişilerin kendi vatanlarını/ülkelerini bırakarak başka bir ülkeye/bölgeye yerleşmelerini ifade etmek için kullanılan kavramlardır. Bugün dünyada her 33 kişiden birisi göçmen konumundadır. 2012 yılı itibariyle yaklaşık 214 milyon kişinin, doğduğu ülkeden başka bir ülkede yaşadığı ve bu sayının 2050 yılına kadar 404 milyona çıkacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu nedenle, göç ve buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan siyasî, dinî, kültürel ve ekonomik problemler, özellikle yoğun göç alan ve veren ülkelerin gündeminde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır (Giddens ve Sutton, 2016: 717). Birçok açıdan farklılıklar içeren, hatta bazen insanların hayal edemeyecekleri durumlarla karşılaşmalarına sebep olan göç olgusu hem göçmenler hem de ev sahibi ülke açısından birçok farklı konunun gündeme gelmesine neden olmaktadır.

THE HOLOCAUST IN SLOVAKIA: PERSPECTIVE OF OBSERVERS. COPING WITH THE PAST?

Author(s): Monika Vrzgulová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The social and political changes in Slovakia after 1989 opened many new challenges, tasks, and issues. One of the consequences of these changes was the fact that the public and expert discourse started to raise topics on the modern history of Slovakia - before taboo, overlooked, or ideologically interpreted by the Communist regime. A request and interest suddenly emerged to explore our own history without the dictate of ideology, independently and openly. The history topics which were previously taboo referred to the period of the wartime Slovak state (1939-1945) and its totalitarian regime, and the forms of the Holocaust in Slovakia. Historians and social scientists started to explore these topics from the perspective of their science disciplines. In order to contribute to a critical re-assessment of the ideologically burdened images of the past and to the overcoming of historic stereotypes surviving in our societies, the oral history method is primarily used in my ethnological research. It represents an appropriate tool for the capturing of subjective testimonies of experienced events at a certain historic period. Thanks to this method, it is possible to obtain an interpretation of historic events from the perspective of individuals who are part of the society. My research is based on the assumption that the affiliation of a witness to a certain social group or groups determines his/her testimony, and the memory processes depend not only on external stimuli, but also on the particular social context (Halbwachs 1980; Assman 1992; Ferencová - Nosková 2009: 21-31).

Social Factors Influencing the Acquisition of the Romanian Language by Students Belonging to a Local Community Hungarian Minority

Author(s): Anikó Erzsébet Fügedy,Gavril Flora / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Research on language acquisition is a central theme in sociolinguistic research. Contemporary social, economic and political processes affect the life of communities and the languages what they speak. Globalization, migration and the enlargement of the European Union can significantly change the role and the future of majority and minority languages. In this research, we aim to reveal the family level language choice strategies of the Hungarian community in the small town of Margitha (Bihor County, Romania), discussing the role of family related social framework that positively or negatively influences the motivation of minority students to acquire knowledge of the Romanian language. For this purpose, we used both quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches. The results of research confirm that in multi-ethnic communities perhaps the most important, however at the same time the most vulnerable component of ethnic identity is the linguistic identity, which plays a key role in shaping the cultural landmarks and contents that determine the social integration of the individual. The positive family effects of socialization with the Hungarian language can be observed mostly in the ethnically homogeneous family. However, if one of the spouses is ethnic Romanian, the dominant language of communication within the family is more likely to be the Romanian language.

Multicultural Education: Ukrainian Challenges

Author(s): Olha Svyridiuk,Svitlana Shumaieva,O. V. Svyrydiuk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Ukraine is a multinational and multicultural country. Though Ukrainian scientists have studied the issue of multicultural education from different aspects, nevertheless, there is no special or ideal model of multicultural education. That is why we decided to monitor the students’ multicultural education state at secondary schools of Ukraine. In order to identify the state of multicultural education in Ukrainian schools we conducted an empirical study in schools of Cherkasy region among primary, secondary and senior level students. The main method was determined as questionnaire, which is provided for clarification of issues of national-patriotic and multicultural orientation. Accordingly, questionnaires that combined quantitative and qualitative data collection were offered to the 4th, 6th and 11th grade students in some schools in Uman and Uman district, covering 296 respondents. Thus, the monitoring of the state of multicultural education in Ukrainian school education has shown that the problem of multicultural upbringing of children and young people is addressed at the government level, relevant research is conducted, some aspects of multiculturalism are observed in educational programs of some subjects, but the level of multicultural education of students should be higher.

PROMJENA ETNIČKE STRUKTURE OPŠTINA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI PREMA POPISU STANOVNIŠTVA 2013. GODINE

Author(s): Mirko Pejanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

U istraživačkoj studiji o etničkoj strukturi opština u Bosni i Hercegovini prema Popisu stanovništva 1991. i 2013. godine elaboriraju se promjene u demografskoj strukturi stanovništva koje su nastale od 1991. do 2013. godine. Posebna pažnja daje se promjeni etničke strukture stanovništva po Popisu stanovništva 2013. godine. Jedinica posmatranja promjene etničke strukture stanovništva jeste opština kao osnovna teritorijalna – samoupravna jedinica u kojoj žive stanovnici jedne zemlje. Komparacija etničke strukture opština po Popisu stanovništva 1991. sa etničkom strukturom po Popisu stanovništva 2013. je pokazala da je došlo do radikalne promjene etničke strukture u opštinama Bosne i Hercegovine. Prema Popisu stanovništva Bosne i Hercegovine 2013. godine dvije trećine opština imaju jednonacionalnu strukturu u postotku od 70% do 99%. Ovakve promjene etničke strukture uslovljene su politikom nasilnog etničkog čišćenja u vremenu rata i preovladavajućim uticajem etničkih stranaka u vršenju vlasti u postdejtonskom periodu. Etnička homogenizacija stanovništva ostvarena u vremenu rata 1992–1995. odvija se i u miru kao etnička teritorijalizacija. Etnička teritorijalizacija prostora ima svoju osnovu u etno-politikama jednonacionalnih stranaka. Usljed takvog društvenog kretanja na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine oblikovana su područja s dovršenom etničkom teritorijalizacijom. Ona se javljaju u vidu Republike Srpske za Srbe, zatim u vidu pet kantona za Bošnjake: Tuzlanski, Unsko-sanski, Sarajevski, Zeničko-dobojski i Bosansko-podrinjski. Za hrvatski narod kao etnički teritorijalizirani prostor iskazuje se u: Zapadno-hercegovačkom, Hercegbosanskom i Posavskom kantonu. Višenacionalna struktura stanovništva održana je u gradu Mostaru, Distriktu Brčko i opštinama: Jajcu, Bosanskom Petrovcu, Vukosavlju, Jezeru, Donjem Žabaru, Gornjem Vakufu, Pelagićevu, Žepču i Busovači.

Srpsko-albanski odnosi u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji: protesti na Kosovu i teret sistemske legitimizacije

Author(s): Marjan Ivković ,Tamara Petrović Trifunović,Srđan Prodanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In this paper we examine to which extent was egalitarian vocabulary of Yugoslav socialism able to provide an alternative framework for interpretation of Serbian-Albanian relations. Our initial hypothesis is that – due to the experimental nature of Yugoslav self-management socialism, which implied certain compromises with liberal capitalism – the Yugoslav elite was structurally bound to systematically negate the social aspect of protests that took place in Kosovo in 1968, 1981 and 1988. Using critical discourse analysis on daily newspapers (Politika, Večernje novosti and Borba), we show how the nomenclature treated the complex social-political aspects of the social uprisings exclusively as a manifestation of nationalism. To the actors involved, this discursive strategy suggested that nationalism is a common denominator for economic, political and ethnic equality. Final consequences of these discursive strategies will be shown through analysis of media coverage of protests in Kosovo and the “Brotherhood and Unity” meeting that took place Belgrade in 1988, wherein we can see that there is little space left for non-nationalistic interpretation of any kind of social uprising, both in media and actors’ perspective.

Vizatime nga jeta e përditshme e popullsisë myslimane Plevla ( XIX sh.-fillimi i XX sh.)

Author(s): Ljiljana Bajčetić / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Orijentalno islamska kultura, kulturna baština bošnjačko/ muslimanskog stanovništva Nikšića

Author(s): Sait Šabotić / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Crtice iz svakodnevice muslimanskog stanovništva Pljevalja ( XIX v.-početak XX v)

Author(s): Sait Šabotić / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Честване на традиционни календарни празници в живота на българските мигранти в Пекин

Author(s): Teodora Yonkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This work is a part of much broader and extensive research. The data was collected on the field, namely Beijing, by observing and interviewing Bulgarians residing in the city for different period of their lives. The current work briefly points out some cultural differences between China and Bulgaria and the way they affect the celebration of several traditional Bulgarian holidays, e.g. Christmas Eve, Easter etc. The most notable difference can be observed in the ways of preparing certain cuisines, the products (meat, vegetables, white cheese etc.) which the Chinese market offers to the customers as well as their quality or even their lack of. Another factor that influences the ways of celebration is whether the migrants have moved to Beijing alone or with their families or relatives. In the first case a close circle of friends takes on the role of the family. The work concludes with that the Chinese culture rarely influences the celebration of Bulgarian traditional holidays and they are comparatively preserved in the form they exist in back in Bulgaria.This work is a part of much broader and extensive research. The data was collected on the field, namely Beijing, by observing and interviewing Bulgarians residing in the city for different period of their lives. The current work briefly points out some cultural differences between China and Bulgaria and the way they affect the celebration of several traditional Bulgarian holidays, e.g. Christmas Eve, Easter etc. The most notable difference can be observed in the ways of preparing certain cuisines, the products (meat, vegetables, white cheese etc.) which the Chinese market offers to the customers as well as their quality or even their lack of. Another factor that influences the ways of celebration is whether the migrants have moved to Beijing alone or with their families or relatives. In the first case a close circle of friends takes on the role of the family. The work concludes with that the Chinese culture rarely influences the celebration of Bulgarian traditional holidays and they are comparatively preserved in the form they exist in back in Bulgaria.

Biblioraft

Author(s): Tinu Pârvulescu,Sorin Tomuța,Ioana Copil-Popovici,Daciana Branea,Marius Lăzurcă,Dana Chetrinescu,Corneliu Radu Păiușan,Alina Lazoc,Eleonora Pascu,Gabriel Kohn,Cristian Pătrășconiu,Dorian Branea,Valeriu Leu,Florina Jinga,Mihaela Sitariu,Horea Băcanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

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