U spomen, Krunoslav Pranjić
Nataša Bašić: U SPOMEN. Uspomeni profesora Krunoslava Pranjića (Zenica, 7. siječnja 1931. — Zagreb, 8. svibnja 2015.)
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Nataša Bašić: U SPOMEN. Uspomeni profesora Krunoslava Pranjića (Zenica, 7. siječnja 1931. — Zagreb, 8. svibnja 2015.)
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Croatian language makes it possible to form single-word names of characteristic temperatures by means of the suffix –ište. The otherwise proven names for these temperatures such as talište (melting point), vrelište (boiling point), rosište (dewing point) have been used to explain some temperatures characteristic for the field of polymers. A new temperature has also been added – the temperature of dissolution of a substance in a solvent such as water. This temperature has been named topište (dissolving point).
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The paper describes the permeation of the Croatian language with adjacent languages that were frequently used as languages of political domination or great prestige. The author speaks about the language power of the Croatian South and the Croatian North. In Europe, more precisely in West and Central Europe, there is hardly any other nation on whose territory so many languages were spoken as it is the case with Croatia, especially in its South. However, this fact did not prevent the Croats to become one united nation in the 19th century. The only language with which Croatian was in actual conflict was Hungarian.
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The introduction of the term zero-mora solves the problem of the falling and the rising intonation in short syllables. The starting premise is that every syllable – both long and short – has two morae, but in short syllables one of the morae is not actualized. If the ictus is on the first mora, the intonation is falling, and if it is on the second mora, the intonation is rising. Here the following rule (law) applies: the ictus moves for one mora to the beginning of the word, but not for the entire syllable. This explains the diversity of accent systems that vary from two or three accents in Old-Štokavian dialects to the system with four accents in Neo-Štokavian.
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This work will use selected examples for the analysis of technical terms and their lexicographic treatment in general Croatian monolingual dictionaries: what are the criteria and in what scope are technical terms chosen for general dictionaries, where is the dividing line between general lexis and the language for specific purposes, as well as when can, and when must terminological references be noted? To what extent are the dictionaries mutually uniform, and to what extent are the terms of specific fields treated systematically? Furthermore, this work will deal with the question of how lexical-semantic relations between terms are developed in the dictionaries; this refers primarily to hypernym-hyponym relations, antonymic relations and the criteria according to which one of the synonyms is given advantage over others. The work will analyze terms in the contemporary Croatian dictionaries.
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The paper discusses the tradition of Croatian linguistic normative periodicals beginning with Ivšić’s periodical Hrvatski jezik and continued with Jezik, periodical for the culture of Croatian standard language. There is a description of the programme guidelines of both periodicals that are also recognized as the guidelines of modern Croatian linguistics: purity and regularity of the Croatian language, reliance on the tradition, appreciation of Croatian as a tridialectal language. Through the personalities of Ljudevit Jonke, Stjepan Babić and Sanda Ham as editors of Jezik, the paper discusses the strong Croatian editorial politics and the reactions of Croatian linguists on topical events in the language. This primarily means the resistance against unitarianist pressure which, in the times of Jonke and Babić, posed a great threat for the Croatian language. Furthermore, the paper deals with the important role of the periodical Jezik in forming the culture of Croatian standard language and shaping the relation of the Croatian cultural community and of Croatian general public towards the Croatian language.
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U nekim hrvatskim gradovima i mjestima danas još uvijek možemo pronaći različito napisana višerječna imena istih ulica. Tako u nekim gradovima stoji Ulica Vlatka Mačeka (Velika Mlaka, Bibinje, Ozalj, Slavonski Brod, Pakoštane), a u drugima Ulica Vladka Mačeka (Jastrebarsko, Zadar, Petrinja, Tenja, Požega). Ako sve te ulice nose ime iste osobe, postavlja se pitanje zašto pišemo na dva načina oblik istoga imena i koji lik je pravilan.
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Review: Sanda Ham, Jadranka Mlikota, Borko Baraban, Alen Orlić, Hrvatski jezični savjeti, ŠK, Zagreb, 2014., 187 str. Reviewed by Dubravka Smajić.
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Dans le présent article l’auteur traite deux modèles nouveaustokaviens: cet abstrait et ce concret. Par exemple: potrêsla > pòtrēsla vers potrēslȁ > potrésla sont en direction de la même règle, mais les resultats son différents. C’est à dire: la règle est abstraite, et les resultats son concrets. En outre, l’auteur analyse le problème des réflexes jat (nom de la lettre dans l’alphabet vieux-slave).
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In one of the professional meetings of teachers of the Croatian language in the Novi Zagreb area, one of the colleagues complained that her pupils and their parents protested against her pronunciation because she transfers the accent on the proclitic (e.g. ȕ grād, ù škōli, nà ploči). They said that this was Bosnian pronunciation (the colleagues domiciliary speech, however, is that of the Sinj region). The Grammar of the Croatian Language by S. Težak and S. Babić, which is undoubtedly the most influential grammar in language tuition, clearly prescribes the transfer of the falling accent onto the proclitic and the teacher can invoke this scientific argument, even more so because a similar description is found in almost all modern Croatian grammars. Should, therefore, the said objections coming from non-experts be simply rejected by referring to the normative rule, or should more attention be paid to the actual language perception of the recipients of the standard language?
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This article discusses the adoption of foreign geographic names into the system of the Croatian language on the example of the Ukrainian town of Čornobylj. The principal rule prescribes that foreign names, with the exception of a small number of names adopted a long time ago and Croatianized names, are adopted in their original form from the languages using Latin script, whereas the names from the languages with non-Latin script undergo the process of transliteration. In Croatian, more than in any other Slavic language, there is significant normative rambling regarding the spelling of the name Čornobylj.
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After a general introductory description of barbarisms as to why they appear and what reactions they evoke the author pinpoints eight frequent examples rooted in Croatian and attempts at solving them; those originate from the English words Google, tights, outsourcing, drone, laptop, cruiser, stick and bookmark. Some solutions rely on lemmas already present in Croatian dictionaries, some on the online corpus, some on possibilities offered by etymology and morphology and some on precedents. Other solutions may follow the given pattern.
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Im Artikel wird die These aufgestellt, dass in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts ein internationaler politischer Zirkel wirkte und versuchte, die sprachnormative und kulturelle Integration des mittelsüdslavischen Raumes durchzusetzen. Der Autor nennt den Zirkel das "Wiener Projekt" und zeigt, dass ihm auch Personen aus höchsten österreichischen und ungarischen politischen Kreisen angehörten. An den Aktivitäten des Wiener Projektes haben sich in Zagreb Josip Juraj Strossmayer, der Gründer der Südslavischen Akademie, und Franjo Rački, der Akademievorsitzende, maßgebend beteiligt. Sie setzten sich für eine kroatozentrische südslavische Integration mit Zagreb als Mittelpunkt ein. Ihre Interessen deckten sich z. T. mit dem österreichischen Interesse, die Serben kulturpolitisch von den Russen zu trennen und mit den Kroaten auf der Grundlage der literatursprachlichen Reform zu vereinigen, die der Wiener slovenisch-österreichische Philologe Jernej Kopitar konzipierte und durch V. S. Karadžić unter den Serben durchzusetzen versuchte. Karadžićs Reform baute auf Kopitars Rechtschreibsystem auf, auf der kirchenpolitisch unmarkierten Volkspoesie, und auf der älteren kroatisch-katholischen Literatur, die Kopitar und Karadžić als "serbisch" zu deklarieren versuchten. Kopitars Nachfolger Franz Miklosich bemühte sich, ebenso erfolglos wie Kopitar, die kroatisch-serbische Integration unter der Dominanz des serbischen Namens zu verwirklichen. Am meisten ausgeprägt war die Aktivität des Wiener Projektes in der zweiten Hälfte der 60-er Jahre. Im Jahr 1866/1867 wurde der serbische Philologe Đuro Daničić nach Zagreb delegiert und zum ersten Sekretär der Südslavischen Akademie bestimmt. Vermutlich derselbe Personenkreis mit Zentrum in Wien regte den österreichisch-ungarischen Journalisten, Verleger und Drucker Ignaz Soppron an, unabhängig von Strossmayer und Rački, 1866 das Schriftzeichensystem, die Rechtschreibung und die sprachliche Stilisierung von V. S. Karadžić und Đuro Daničić durch seine Publikationen im türkischen Bosnien zu verbreiten. Unter dem Druck, der so auf Serbien ausgeübt wurde, wurde dort 1868 das letzte Verbot der Rechtschreibung Karadžićs aufgehoben. In Dalmatien wurde die sprachnormative Entwicklung in derselben Richtung vor allem durch die Grammatik der "serbo-kroatischen (illyrischen) Sprache" von Pero Budmani gelenkt. Diese Grammatik wurde für Dalmatiens Schulen unter österreichischer Verwaltung 1866/1867 in Wien gedruckt.
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Grad Osijek obratio se Jeziku pitanjem je li riječ razvitak pravilna riječ i je li valjana njezina uporaba u nazivu dokumenta Strategija kulturnog razvitka Grada Osijeka ili bi bolje bilo umjesto riječi razvitak upotrijebiti riječ razvoj?
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Kada su u pitanju riječi koje označavaju ono što pripada psima ili se na njih odnosi, postoje nedoumice oko uporabe pridjeva pseći i pasji.
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Conference-Report: ŠESTI HRVATSKI SLAVISTIČKI KONGRES, Vukovar i Vinkovci, 10. – 13. rujna 2014. Reported by Nikolina Sokolić.
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Dana 6. i 7. lipnja 2014. godine prvi je put u organizaciji Katedre za suvremeni hrvatski jezik Filozofskoga fakulteta u Osijeku održan znanstveni skup Jezik medija nekada i sada.
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Na Filozofskom fakultetu u Osijeku održana je međunarodna studentska konferencija Pontes poeticae, 23. i 24. svibnja 2014. godine.
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U Zagrebu je 15. rujna 2014. održana izborna skupština HFD-a. Dosadašnja predsjednica Ivana Vidović Bolt nije se natjecala, budući da ju znamo kao izvrsnu predsjednicu koja je uspješno preustrojila i vodila HFD u složenim i ne uvijek prijateljskim uvjetima, sa žalošću smo prihvatili njezino povlačenje. Vjerujemo da će nova predsjednica Anita Skelin Horvat biti uspješna kao i prethodnica i jednoglasno smo joj dali povjerenje.
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U svakodnevnoj komunikaciji gotovo svaki govornik hrvatskoga jezika upotrebljava svezu i tako dalje, nekima je ona čak i poštapalica, a vjerojatno je da će ju i u tekstu često i napisati.
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