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It was the Bavarian historian Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer, who opened in the first half of nineteenth century the discussion on toponyms in Greece, especially in the Peloponnes. His central thesis was that the modern Greeks are all of Slavic origin, a thesis which was discussed in and outside Greece till today very fiercely.
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At the present time, there are less than 5000 Albanians in the Ukraine and only half of them can speak their native language. For the most part, they live in four villages in the south of the country. The culture, history and dialect of Albanians in the Ukraine excited much interest in the 20th century. However, this interest has waned, and during the first two decades of the 21st century this subject is only still popular with specialists in Balkan studies, linguistics, ethnography, social and cultural anthropology, as well as some local amateur researchers. Several important studies on Albanians in the Ukraine have been published recently both by Ukrainian and Russian scholars. Some of them reveal data from the archives that were collected about seventy years ago, while others are based on the most recent field research.In our paper we attempt to analyze three monographs that appeared in 2014 and in 2017. Our goal is to attract more attention to these editions, and not to commend or criticize our colleagues. Using these publications, we reviewed relevant and some possibly problematic issues in Balkan Studies today. In our opinion, these issues could be expressed in three statements:a) it is impossible to get the relevant image of local ethnography, culture, inter-ethnic/inter-confessional relations if the linguistic data is not fully involved in the research;b) it is not possible to provide a relevant analysis of linguistic peculiarities of the local dialect since the issues of cultural code and local identity are not taken into account;c) the archives of our predecessors should not be regarded as museum heritage, but they should instead be modified and analyzed in the context of the most recent theories and technologies.We all face the problem of how to save our field research data from becoming museum objects, and how to make it useful and accessible to our colleagues and subsequent generations. Today, there are no readily available solutions, but we believe that language corpora supported by a strong network of various historical, ethnographical, anthropological, etc. commentaries could be a helpful way forward.
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The paper deals with a part of Anastas Granitski’s 1858 translation of „Тръговско рѫководство“ (A Trade Guide) by Konstantinos Melas, a work dedicated to commercial writing. A short excursion on the circumstances surrounding the translation of the educational encyclopedia is offered along with an overview of its contents. The part On Trade Letters, which according to Anastas Granitski is the “soul of trade”, is studied in detail. It describes eleven types of letters that were common and often used by merchants – therefore a reference to the instructions for compiling them in the manual was inevitable for the modern merchant from the second half of the 19th century. Moreover, since the Greek original was undoubtedly influenced by French models, the translation acted as a bridge between the most recent examples of business correspondence from the European Mediterranean and merchants from the Balkans. This predetermines the hypothesis that these letters could function as a norm in terms of spelling and language features, genre specifics and the means of administrative and legal expression, terminology and technical layout – a number of topics to be studied in future research.
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The article traces the codification of punctuation rules in spelling dictionaries and spelling guides from the beginning of the 20th century in a changed language situation where Standard Bulgarian already functioned as an official state language. The new situation necessitated the establishment of uniform orthography by codifying the spelling and punctuation norms based on the literary practice. The author studies the rules for the use of punctuation marks and analyzes the state of the codification at the beginning of the 20th century as compared with contemporary codification. The paper confirms the hypothesis about the continuity in the codification of the Standard Bulgarian language in a historical perspective.
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The work presents differences between descriptive and normative grammar. The theoretical prerequisites of modern normative grammar and the principles on which the normative description is based are derived. The specific goals of the development of normative grammar of the Modern Bulgarian are defined. The tasks for their implementation are also outlined.
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This paper explores the specific semantic nature of Christian theological terminology and proposes a classification and a theoretical and methodological model for its analysis. Regarding the reality that is signified, a distinction is drawn within this terminology between technical terms (referring to an empirically verifiable reality) and iconic terms (referring to an empirically unverifiable reality), which differ considerably in their semantic characteristics and principles of conceptualization. The epistemological rationale for the proposed classification is to be found in the Greek philosopher Christos Yannaras’ conception of apophatic language and the principles of Orthodox Christian iconology.
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This study is focused on words with special theological usage in the Enkomion to John the Theologian. Its main concern are the conceptual and linguistic aspects of the theological lexis found in the homily. Based on the observations, the author draws con-clusions about the development of the terminological layer of the vocabulary of the Bulgarian language of Tsar Symeon’s age.
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The everyday life of medieval man is a poorly studied topic. What were the objects that surrounded him? What were the occupations of common men? And most of all, of course, what were these occupations called – this is an interesting question that is yet to be clarified. There are relatively few texts that can provide material for such studies. Among the most valuable sources are the Paterikon stories which abound in descriptions of the problems of ordinary life. This paper studies four lexemes found in the Dialogues of Saint Gregory the Great, Pope of Rome, known in Slavic literature as the Roman Paterikon. The concise lexical sketches reveal interesting and, to a certain extent, unexpected information about the life of the Bulgarians during the Middle Ages, as well as about the processes occurring in the Old Bulgarian literary language established by the Preslav Literary School where the first translation of the Dialogues appeared.
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This book review highlights the volume edited by Martin Henzelmann entitled “Linguistic Perspectives in Bulgarian Studies”. It is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the German slavicist professor Helmut Wilhelm Schaller. The contributors cover a wide range of topics related to Bulgarian studies. The volume is highly recommended to the scientific community, which, in particular, holds true for scholars working in the area of Slavonic and Bulgarian studies, but also for interested scholars and readers.
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This study presents the linguistic and semantic realizations of the concept of living places in the Old Bulgarian classical and original works from the 9th – 11th centuries and in the works of Patriarch Euthymius. A system of words and collocations and their use in different contexts are analyzed in view of their relation to Christian culture and the medieval picture of the world. The author traces the process of enrichment of the names for living places and the changes in the conceptual content of the studied words and collocations.
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The review is dedicated to the new book of Prof. Vladko Murdarov, DSc „Miscelaneous tips about verbs“, which draws attention to the hesitations and mistakes that Bulgarians most often make with verbs in their oral speech. Examples related to the mispronunciation of verbs and verb forms, as well as the expressions in which they are included, are selected, and the possible reasons for the mistakes are indicated. An assessment of a number of new phenomena in our language, manifested in public speech, which are waiting for the most correct decision, is also given.
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Issue 1/2022 of Balgarski ezik features 7 papers that describe results of the project A Bulgarian Normative Grammar carried out by the Institute for Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The project aims at a systemic description of the grammatical rules in contemporary Standard Bulgarian.
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This work proposes principles for the formal description of word-formation structures in a synchronic study within the framework of normative grammar. One of the basic postulates of normative grammar is the independence of the description of form and meaning, which is motivated by relative, though sufficient, autonomy of the structure of meaning (semantic structure) and of the formal structure of complex language units. This study takes for granted the existence of structural isomorphism between clauses and derived lexemes. In the context of the description of word-formation phenomena, this means that – in parallel to what is found in clause syntax, which distinguishes between the conceptual structure of a clause and the clausal form – both semantic structure and formal structure are assigned to derived lexemes. The consistent implementation of this distinction leads to defining word-formation as morphemic syntax (similar to sentence syntax) and derived words as structures within which rules for formal and semantic combination of morphemes are applied. The attempt at developing a model for formal derivational structures presented in the paper is based on the formal features of derivational exponents. These features serve to derive the following dichotomic division criteria:1) affixal – +/- attachment of a given type of affix to the stem;2) confixal – +/- attachment of two affixes to the stem;3) alternating – +/- qualitative stem alternation;4) reductional – +/- stem reduction;5) paradigmatic – +/- attachment to the stem of a grammatical morpheme other than the one in the derivational base.
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Международната конференция „Българският език, литература и кул-тура – пътища през мултикултурния свят“, организирана от 18 до 21 ноември 2021 г. в Неапол, бе значимо събитие в научния живот на ев-ропейските българисти. Научният форум се проведе в историческата сграда на университет „Ориентале“, на брега на Неаполитанския залив. Замислена две години по-рано от Департамента за литературни, лингвистични и съпоставителни изследвания на университета „Ориентале“ като първата от такъв мащаб среща на българисти от различните университети, тя бе неколкократно отлагана поради пандемичната си-туация. Идеята успя да привлече за участие в конферетната зала на Ректората на университет „Ориентале“ учени и преподаватели от 23 европейски университета от 13 държави, лектори по български език и култура, студенти от Гърция, Италия, България и Украйна, културни дейци, журналисти и издатели. Конференцията се проведе под патро-нажа на Н. Пр. Тодор Стоянов, посланик на България в Рим, който лично присъства на откриването.
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