Conectarea Basarabiei la comerţul exterior al României prin gurile Dunării. Problema infrastructurii de transport

Author(s): Arthur Viorel Tulus / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Revenirea Basarabiei în componenţa României, la 27 martie/9 aprilie 1918, a deschis, printre altele, şi o serie de oportunităţi economice ce urmau să fie puse în practică, măsuri care, de altfel, trebuiau să facă parte dintr-un ansamblu general menit a integra şi economic provincia cu teritoriul Patriei-Mamă. Găsirea unor soluţii noi era necesară, deoarece lunga ocupaţie ţaristă a provinciei (1812-1918) dirijase fluxul majorităţii exporturilor basarabene către est, către centrul fostului Imperiu, şi, în consecinţă, infrastructura de transport terestră a Basarabiei în momentul Unirii cu România corespundea acestei realităţi.

Strategie de dezvoltare durabilă în regiunea Dyala şi oraşul Baquba din Irak

Author(s): Obeid Khalil Ali / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In recent decades, Iraqi historical cities have witnessed substantial urban and social changes that have turned them into unattractive places for living and investment, and where development potential has been ignored. The weakness of strategic plans regarding the consideration of the present urban development strategies has led to the random growth of the city, the distortion of cultural heritage sites and the quality of life in cities, generating social and environmental problems. That is why there is a need for the foundation of a territorial development strategy of Iraq and the studied area - the Diyala region and the city of Baquba, which is in accordance with the objectives of sustainable development at the world level and with modern urban regeneration approaches, which implies the improvement of the historical identity and cultural. The outcome of the development strategy of Dyala region and Baquba city must reflect the objectives of sustainable development and have a clear vision and strategic objectives in the short and medium term.

Perspective ale dezvoltării inteligente în oraşele dunărene

Author(s): Andreea Catalina Popa / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The concept of smart growth appeared in the mid-1990s in the United States of America. The notion of a smart city emerged later, referring to how a city can favor the use of information technology. In Romania, the number of smart growth initiatives has continuously increased in recent years. Currently, there are such projects in both large and small cities. This research aims to analyze the implementation stage of smart growth initiatives in three Danube cities: Galati, Brăila and Tulcea.

STRATEGIC SEALIFT CAPABILITIES: THE SPECIAL CASE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Author(s): Florin DIACONU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Along several millennia, sealift capabilities have played a significant role in shaping the political international arena, and the global strategic landscape. We cannot imagine, for example, a fully operational Roman Empire without a massive set of sealift capabilities, able to deploy large armies anywhere around the Mediterranean, and to bring huge amounts of Egyptian grain to Rome. The study is briefly exploring some pivotal moments in global history when sealift has been massively present; and then it explores, with some details, the present situation of the US strategic sealift capabilities. As far as we know, the ability of the United States to use, in case of need, fully effective strategic sealift is clearly facing important problems and shortages, and this feature of the US national power might generate a lot of problems in many future scenarios, massively impacting strategic evolutions on the World Ocean, in Europe, and mainly in the Asia-Pacific

Propunere listă de indicatori de performanţă pentru oraşul inteligent

Author(s): Lucian-Marian Pavel / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The notion of smart cities has emerged as an essential solution for tackling the significant challenges facing contemporary society, including rapid urbanization, climate change and globalization. Smart cities harness state-of-the-art technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to enhance various aspects of urban life, spanning from living conditions and work environments to information accessibility, social interactions and environmental sustainability. This technological integration offers numerous benefits, accelerating infrastructure development and improving residents' quality of life. Standardization and the incorporation of international standards, such as ISO 37120, ISO 37122 and ISO 37123 play a crucial role in assessing city performance. Romania's adoption of these standards represents a significant step towards evaluating and improving its cities. However, for efficacious implementation, it is imperative to develop implementation guidelines and provide support and training to local authorities. A comprehensive list of 95 performance indicators, categorized into six domains, can provide cities with essential tools for assessing and monitoring their progress towards becoming smart cities and promoting sustainable development. Customizing these indicators to match the unique characteristics of each city and fostering close collaboration with local communities, organizations and experts are crucial aspects for shaping and overseeing strategic objectives that positively influence the quality of life and sustainable urban development. This personalized approach is vital for the successful realization of smart cities.

Przyczynek do historii uproszczeń celnych w Polsce (1997–2023)

Author(s): Piotr Sienkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The study analyses the history and the peculiarities of the current system of customs simplifications in Poland and offers proposals for the use of automation of customs processes as a simplification for honest economic operators to reduce the losses related to the planned cancellation of simplified procedure in export. Design/methodology/approach: general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, description); private and academic (interpretation, formal–legal). Findings: The study findings have provided argument for the critical need and relevance to find solutions ensuring the supply chain fluence and simplified movement of goods in export. The author proves that Polish customs administration should develop automated systems based on best practice that use risk management to identify cargo that pose a potential risk to security and release all other shipments for export without undue delay.

Mechanizm granicznego podatku węglowego (CBAM) w Polsce

Author(s): Patrycja Niemczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in Poland heralds a new era in environmental policy and trade dynamics. This chapter delves into the objectives of CBAM within the Polish context, examining its potential impact on the national economy, trade relations, and environmental commitments. Employing a comprehensive analysis, the chapter evaluates the methods by which CBAM aims to level the playing field for domestic industries while encouraging entities importing high-emission goods to develop and adopt rigorous carbon emission reduction strategies. Preliminary findings underscore the mechanism’s potential to bolster Poland’s green transition, albeit with reservations regarding challenges associated with the implementation of CBAM by entities importing high-emission goods and the resulting oversight and administrative sanctions. Design/methodology/approach: In the presented work, a qualitative approach was employed, focusing on the analysis of legal regulations related to the CBAM mechanism. The study is primarily based on a meticulous examination of legal documents. Additionally, an analysis of practical challenges associated with the implementation of CBAM in the context of real market cases was conducted to understand the potential challenges and benefits associated with this mechanism. Findings: During the analysis of the implementation of CBAM obligations, several practical challenges emerged that significantly impact the entities subject to these requirements. From a practical standpoint, many entities face hurdles in securing accurate data on emissions from their supply chains. This lack of readily available information complicates the process of compliance and introduces uncertainties in reporting. Another notable challenge is the ambiguity surrounding the transition period. The absence of clear guidelines or established procedures adds to the complexity, leaving these entities uncertain about the appropriate methods and sources for data collection. Addressing these challenges will require concerted efforts, clear guidance, and potentially revised strategies to ensure effective and efficient compliance.

Zakończenie

Author(s): Edyta Małecka-Ziembińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Ekspansja usług dostarczanych cyfrowo w globalnym handlu

Author(s): Ewa Mińska-Struzik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The chapter presents the concept, essence and types of digitally deliverable services (DDS), the category extracted from the broader group – digital trade – which, in addition to DDS, includes goods and services ordered electronically but delivered in a traditional manner (cross-border e-commerce) and trade in digital content embodied in a tangible product. As the name suggests, DDS can be delivered electronically (like ICT services, sales and marketing services, financial services, professional services, and education and training services). In the trade of these services, geographical distance and other determinants shaping trade flows in goods and traditional services have become less and less important. Based on the review of reports and data provided by UNCTAD, WTO and OECD, the author uses stylised facts to illustrate the phenomenon and discuss its determinants and consequences across different types of economies. The analysis reveals that at both – the macro- and micro-levels, on the supply and demand side of DDS, a variety of challenges and barriers can be identified. Their multifaceted, careful examination becomes necessary to understand the phenomenon and propose appropriate solutions for both those creating and offering digital services, consumers, and policymakers responsible for regulations leading to the full exploitation of the growth potential of the digital transformation of the service sector.