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Дворцовая архитектура чжурчжэньских городов Приморья

Author(s): Nadezda G. Artemieva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The archaeological studies of the hillforts that are dated to the period of the Eastern Xia State existence (1215—1233) have been conducted in Primorye (Russia) for about fifty years. The study of the Nikolaevskoye and Krasnoyarovskoye hillforts made it possible to reveal certain typical features of the Jurchen style of palace architecture that developed within the general course of the Far Eastern architecture, forming its own original canons.

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Новые открытия в средневековой археологии Приморья: городище Кокшаровка-1

Author(s): Nikolay A. Kluyev,Irina V. Gridasova,Maxim A. Yakupov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This report analyzes results of excavations at Koksharovka-1 medieval hillfort in Primorye jointly conducted by Russian and Korean archaeologists in 2008—2014. Their main result is the study of an architectural complex consisting of seven buildings that is unique for the archaeology of Primorye. On the one hand, the architectural complex of Koksharovka-1 hillfort site has some analogies with the famous Bohai palaces (the layout, the presence of kangs, etc.); on the other hand, there are some differences (the absence of the tiled roofs and pillared constructions). Multiple artifacts, including original ceramic pagoda-shaped stands were found in excavations. The authors conclude that the architectural complex was probably built in the 10th c. AD. The obtained data allow assuming that the Koksharovka I hillfort was a large administrative centre in this period.

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Мечеть и караван-сараи Пульжая (памятники Золотой Орды в северном Каракалпакстане)

Author(s): Omar-Sharif Kdirniazob / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Archaeological studies are used to examine architectural and constructive design features of a mosque and a caravanserai at the Puljai hillfort site. In the context of available analogies from the Central Asian region, the mosque can be attributed to the category of pray kiosk-mosques with aivans (terraces). The peshtak portal, residential and household structures are typical of the caravanserai. These structures were used in the Golden Horde era.

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Крымский контекст золотоордынской архитектуры в научных трудах современных исследователей

Author(s): Vladimir P. Kirilko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The chronological scope of the study encompasses the years 1946-2016. The period is characterized by a gradual revival of interest in the Golden Horde sites present in the region and consolidation of th this field of studies. In 1978, archaeological excavations were resumed, alongside with a purposeful architectural study of construction remains of individual structures and selective publication of results. Besides sporadic publications on the architecture of the Crimea, where the Golden Horde component was usually fragmentarily treated on the basis of outdated and often erroneous information, there also appear works of generalizing character, where this component, despite the differing degree of elaboration, is already present as an integral part of the building culture of the Ulus of Jochi as a whole. The majority of field research materials have not been involved in scientific circulation, the access to them being restricted for experts. A significant event of the period was the publication of the monograph “Architecture of the Golden Horde. Part I. Cult architecture” (Zilivinskaya 2014), which provides a clear understanding as regards the current state of the topic elaboration.

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Список научных публикаций С. С. Рябцевой

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

List of works by Svetlana Ryabtseva

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О форме и декоре ременных бляшек в раннесредневековой Болгарии

Author(s): Stela Doncheva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The production of art metal in the early medieval Bulgaria became known after the discovery of three metal-plating centers in the vicinity of the capital of the First Bulgarian Kingdom — Preslav, from the beginning and middle of the 10th century. Along with technology and jewelry, the origin of raw materials and the chemical composition of the metal, necessary to fully comprehend the extremely numerous material found so far, there are some issues related to the shape, proportions, elements of the ornament and the method of manufacturing individual decorative details. Combination of all these components leads to one exceptionally rich palette of various belt jewelry, at the same time reflecting the fashion trends of the era, the individual approach of the craftsman and traditions in the art of artistic metal.The original combinations of shapes and ornaments found on the belt adornments of metal-plastic manufacturing centers are nowhere to be found in such a variety during this period, neither in the country nor abroad. In the various settlements and fortresses of medieval Bulgaria in the early period, only a few representatives of certain types are known, and not in such great diversity. A similar picture exists outside the country: numerous finds from various places in Hungary, Serbia, Russia and Southeastern Europe cannot be compare with the richness of shapes and ornaments originating from the one place near Preslav. This is somewhat explainable by the place of production, but it seems to be not the only reason. There are many industries outside the country, which do not show this diversity of products.

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Pin jewelry pieces from an early 17th century hoard found near Vlădiceasca village, Călăraşi county

Author(s): Cristiana Tătaru,Tudor Alexandru Martin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines five jewelry pieces provided with shafts from the Vlădiceasca hoard, Călăraşi County, Romania. Due to the rarity of iconographical and written sources, as well as the scarcity of this type of jewelry in archeological discoveries, the interpretation of the function of these items is quite difficult to make. In the first part of the article a short description of the hair pins preserved in the Vlădiceasca hoard and the presentation of the most important similar items found in archaeological context in Wallachia and Moldavia are made, in order to gather some function and style characteristics for these pieces. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the catalogue of the five pieces, which are classified according to their stylistic features, while also being compared with similar findings coming especially from the hoards discovered in the Moldavian space. Special attention is paid to the form in which they are published, some of the large pin jewelries being interpreted as brooches or as veil pins.

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Double-Sided Encolpion with the Virgin and Child and Three Saints in the Collection of the Princes Czartoryski in Krakow

Author(s): Mirosław Piotr Kruk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the most precious Byzantine objects in the collection of the Princes Czartoryski Museum in Krakow is the double-sided pendant in the form of a carved wooden medallion (9.8 × 7.2 × 1.5 cm) with a refined openwork filigree silver-gilt mount studded with pearls and garnets (inv. no. MNK XIII-475). There is a depiction of the Virgin and Child on the front and of three saints with a temple model on the back. Its features suggest that it was made in the second half of the 18th century, probably in one of the monastic centers on Mount Athos, perhaps at Simonopetra or — even more plausibly — at Hilandar; and all the more so if the figures depicted in the medallion actually are St. Sava, the first Serbian Archbishop, and St. Simeon, his father and the first Serbian king.

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Драгоценные украшения на древнерусских иконах по «свидетельству» резных и литых образков XIII века

Author(s): Irina A. Sterligova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The iconography of a number of small Old Russian icons from the first third of the thirteenth century, made of stone, clay or copper alloy, confirms the tradition, known from written sources, of votive ornaments in the form of gold and silver collars, both wound and sickle-shaped, on particularly venerated icons. The paper examines the sources of this tradition and the influence upon it of international contacts: similar ornaments on sacred images may be traced in Western Europe and among the Cumans. The miniature icons that have been discovered, which reproduce the form of the most venerated icons, supplement our idea of the religious art of Old Rus’, the canon of which was received from Byzantium, but was realised in an original manner, reflecting local realities and artistic tastes.

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Золотые колты с изображениями святых: манера исполнения и неизвестные особенности стиля

Author(s): Ljudmila V. Pekarska / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Jewelry bearing images of saints, publicized in academic circles but without any greater study, are presented here in detail for the first time. Additional information has been introduced where such detail has been lacking on those found in foreign collections. The images, their forms and design compositions, characterizing the work of the Kiev’s princely workshops of the 11th—12th centuries, are analyzed. Attention is focused on separate stylistic features of manufacturing, previously unresearched.The study allowed us to conclude: that there were cases of stencils being re-used; that manufacturing to order of a pair of kolty by two masters took place — the main specialist, who was highly proficient in his drawing and cloisonné technique and his assistant, who was still gaining skills in producing such jewelry. This would explain the reason for stylistic differences in the details of face designs, garment decor and enamel tones.A new interpretation of Vladimir’s kolts of the 12th century is proposed, revising the prevailing school of thought in literature about their provincialism and imperfection.

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From Britain’s Most Unloved Queen to the Favourite?

Author(s): Dorota Babilas / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Compared with her eminent compatriots, Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria, Queen Anne appears to enjoy a very limited presence in popular culture. The recent Oscar-nominated film "The Favourite" (2018) directed by Yorgos Lanthimos may be perceived as an attempt to redress this situation. However, the director, known for his highly experimental earlier works, seems to be interested more in the symbolic and ironic cultural uses of the Queen, than in her real biography. The article attempts to explore the apparently sudden vindication and re-appreciation of Britain’s most unloved female monarch in the light of modern cultural issues, such as feminism and LGBT rights.

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The Possible Worlds of Oliphant and Eliot in "Miss Marjoribanks" and "Middlemarch"

Author(s): Ana Clara Birrento / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the introduction to "Miss Marjoribanks" [1866] 1969, Q. D. Leavis stated that Margaret Oliphant was the missing link between Jane Austen and George Eliot. Lucilla Marjoribanks was, in the critic’s words, the Victorian anti-heroine, insubordinate as far as her relationship to men is concerned, with a voracious appetite, and in opposition to the feminine ideal of a fragile submissive angel. Leavis argued that the novel carries an Oliphant tone in the honesty and realism, in the acknowledgement of the lack of idealism in life, constrained by conventions and prejudices. This is an opinion, I counterargue, that is underpinned by the theory of possible worlds. It was against these conventions and prejudices that George Eliot, wrote "Middlemarch" (1871) a few years later, representing Dorothea Brooke as a young woman both rational and ardent. This article analyses the modes in which the two novelists constructed respectively in "Miss Marjoribanks" and in "Middlemarch", possible worlds for women characters, discussing the relationship between the private and the public issues of culture and society, where Lucilla and Dorothea, living in those possible worlds, try to free themselves from Blake’s “mind-forged” social manacles.

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Saving Face

Author(s): Rebecca W. Boylan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In Thomas Hardy’s "A Pair of Blue Eyes", nature precipitates a drama in which female ingenuity and chivalry save the life of the cliff-clutching Henry Knight. Hardy narrates this in photographic impressions of disrupted realism: while Nature’s inversion both protects and threatens to destroy, a woman’s rescue of a man momentarily promises a new regard for the woman but eventually releases a torrent of destructive secrets and lies. This article contemplates Hardy’s regard for such inversions in nature – both human and atmospheric – to reflect on the novel’s preoccupation with gender identity. Borrowing from such scholars as Jonathan Crary, J. Hillis Miller, Mary Rimmer, and Timothy Hands, it observes the nineteenth-century transformation of human and natural forces as “inversions” that bring romantic confusions. Hardy’s sympathies suggest that inversion can actually preserve the fraught truths of both natural and human experiences.

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“In religion all roads have their obstacles”

Author(s): Grażyna Bystydzieńska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Newman’s first novel "Loss and Gain. The Story of a Convert" (1848) possesses some autobiographical elements. In this article the specific character of both conversions – of Newman and of Charles Reding, the protagonist of his novel – are discussed. Both conversions were the result of a rational, intellectual endeavour, although the emotional and irrational issues were frequently decisive. Oxford as the centre of the Oxford Movement was the setting of both conversions, which in both cases meant that the converts had to leave Oxford. "Loss and Gain" is also a response to the popular and numerous anti-Catholic arguments of the time, concerning, for instance, the Real Presence, the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the saints and their relics, celibacy of the clergy, but also to the revival of Gothic architecture and Gregorian music in the liturgy of the Church of England. The article also discusses the poetics this spiritual Bildungsroman and its dialogical structure.

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“I saw the Man, that saw the Man, that said he saw this wondrous Sight”

Author(s): Paul Goring / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The idea of the newspaper as a substitute eye working in the service of the reader, reflected in 18th-century titles, was predominant for most of the first two centuries of print-newspaper history. Newspapers were there to observe, and what they observed was primarily conveyed by the power of the printed word. Word-based forms of news reporting could also be ‘visual’, and this essay aims to expose the visual aspirations apparent in the work of early news writers. It does this by considering the newspaper reporting of the 1761 coronation of George III, which was a visually lavish public occasion that formed part of the ‘spectacular politics’ of the era. Although a mass public desire to see something unmediated can still be demonstrated, the newspapers also provided a critique of traditional spectatorship, pointing to the emerging power of the press.

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Dickens the Vagabond and the Tradition of Nightwalking

Author(s): Michael Hollington / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the context of the history of city streets by night, this essay explores the importance of Dickens’s night walking, when he sought inspiration for his writing in the London streets and their denizens, preferably in foul and dark weather, with sordid sights on display. Passages of Dickens’s novels which reflect this fascination are subjected to in-depth analysis which in particular draws attention to the centrality of the idea of the vagabond, and demonstrates the importance for Dickens of senses other than the visual – of hearing, odour, touch and even taste.

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“We must marry ’em”

Author(s): Sophia C. Jochem / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Charles Dickens’s "Dombey and Son" (1846-8) represents a key reference point for Victorian gender studies, with critics focusing on the contrast between the ‘gender offender’ Edith and what Juliet John terms normative passivity on the part of the heroine Florence. This article addresses the question of whether marriage was really a happy ending for the women in Dickens’s novels, demonstrating that despite numerous weddings and marriages, "Dombey and Son" by no means presents matrimony as a solid foundation for happy unions and success in personal relations. Along with a vivisection of the marriage plot, there is speculation on what readers are expecting from the ending of a Dickens novel and concludes that weddings in "Dombey and Son" are not even “incisive beginnings”. As exemplified by the unions of Bunsby with Mrs. MacStinger, Florence with Walter, Cornelia Blimber with Mr. Feeder, B.A., and Susan Nipper with Toots, marriage is presented as a rather dusty tradition, and often a farce, not introducing the desired or expected change for the protagonists.

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The “(Un)fair Play” Method in Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes Tales

Author(s): Joanna Kokot / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is already a commonplace that the style of reading assumed by classic detective fiction assumes the reader’s involvement in solving the puzzle, as the literary detective’s rival. This implies “the modern ‘fair play’ method”, as Dorothy Sayers calls it, consisting in supplying the reader with all the clues necessary to solve the riddle, concealing them at the same time so that their significance is not revealed too soon. However, one would seek the “fair play” method in Conan Doyle’s stories in vain. Watson, adopting the perspective of a participant of the events, reconstructs and reiterates in the process of telling his misinterpretations, omissions and blunders which he committed as a character of his stories. Hence Watson proves to be not only a naive narrator, but an unreliable one as well, making it impossible for the reader to act as a rightful rival to the detective. The article deals with the functions of this “unfair play” method.

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Progress and/as Utopia in James Hume Nisbet’s "The Great Secret: A Tale of To-morrow"

Author(s): Marta Komsta / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Dedicated to “all those who, not quite satisfied with to-day, may be seeking after a happier to-morrow”, James Hume Nisbet’s "The Great Secret: A Tale of Tomorrow" (1895) stands out from the author’s predominantly adventure-oriented oeuvre as a work with a distinctly consolatory and didactic inclination, represented in the novel by the depiction of the afterlife as a utopian land of plenitude and comfort. This essay seeks thus to examine the relationship between the generic paradigm of utopia and the notion of progress, the latter contextualized in Nisbet’s novel with regard to the issues of scientific advancement and spiritual evolution. The author argues that by juxtaposing the dynamic spatio-temporal model of the post-mortem utopia with the implicitly dystopian depiction of late Victorian society, "The Great Secret" foregrounds the ideals of moral restoration and spiritual development as the foundations of a better future.

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Cultivating the Imagination

Author(s): Catherine Maxwell / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article examines a late Victorian concern about the accurate representation of flora in poetry of the period, demonstrating that poems which regard flowers and plants with studied attention are in a minority, and that poets usually use plants to serve their own interests, invoking flowers impressionistically for incidental atmospheric contribution or for symbolic or personal associations. It then goes on to explore poems by both male and female poets (principally Constance Naden, Laurence Binyon, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Katherine Bradley) that look attentively at plants and flowers, considering their interest is in the plant for the plant’s sake, and exposing ways in which the poetic self is represented in relation to the flower or plant.

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