V. Бедреддин и сефевидите
This article represent textual part of the book of Franz Babinger "Sheikh Bedreddin, the son of the judge of Simav"
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This article represent textual part of the book of Franz Babinger "Sheikh Bedreddin, the son of the judge of Simav"
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Alexandru Ciurcu was born at 29thJanuary 1854 inTransylvania (then in Austria-Hungary) where his Romanian parents took refuge after the 1848 revolution. Between 1876 and 1885, working as journalist in Bucharest, he invented a „jet cylinder”: a prototype of the future propulsion system he will make later in Paris with his friend Just Buisson. Ciurcu and Buisson tested the system on a boat, navigating upstream Seine River on 13thAugust 1886; so, 131 years ago, they tested the first manned vehicle ever powered by jet propulsion!On 12th October 1886, they received a French Patent for “Reactive propulsion system”.Before contract signing with French Civil Navigation Ministry, they made a last test on 16th December 1886; unfortunately, a pressurised container exploded, killing Buisson and anassistant. Ciurcu, wounded, survived. He later resumed testing the system on a railroad trolley; successfully, but not enough to develop an airship propulsion system.
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Is there a hidden reality that governs our Universe ? Wheeler, Bekenstein, Susskind, and ‘t Hoft, all of them renowned physicists,the latter being a Nobel laureate, sustain this concept. It is about a theory, recently set out by the four physicists mentioned before, the so - called Theory of the Holographic Universe that puts the information in the first place. Today, this theory is accepted by a group of physicists that is growing steadily, and that studies the String Theories. First, Stephen Hawking predicted that the „black holes”, which seemed to be swallowing everything, were manifesting their presence by emitting radiation with an extremely low temperature. If a black hole can evaporate, a most portion of the information it contains is lost forever, said Hawking.Later on, it was the turn of Leonard Susskind, one of String Theories’ founder, and ‘t Hoft, both of them working under Wheeler’s guidance, to state that Hawking radiation emitted by a black hole represents the support, material substratum that delivers information related to what is happening in such a hole. This information remains on the surface of a universe that is created through a Big Bang by that black hole (Bekenstein, Susskin, ’t Hoft). And, as a laser beam that passes through bi-dimensional symbols on a transparent surface will generate a tri-dimensional hologram, in the same way the information on the surface of a universe such as ours will generate, in an adequate way, within it, all tri-dimensional entities inside the universe.Juan Maldacena formalized this theory with an audacious mathematical conjecture. Briefly, here is the story of the „Holographic Universe”. The most important fact for us is that Mihai Drăgănescu's Ontological-Informational Model -very similar but not identical with the Holographic Universe Model- was formalized before the last one. And according to Drăgănescu's approach, the Theory of the Holographic Universe may be considered a particular case of the Ontological-Informational Modelas you will see in this paper later on.
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This paper presents a brief overview of the historical evolution of approaches to the design of structures for wind loads. The interdisciplinary nature of this field is noted, involving as it does elements of micrometeorology, extreme wind climatology, aerodynamics, wind tunnel testing, structural dynamics, aeroelasticity, structural reliability and, last but not least, structural engineering. Technological advances in the areas of simultaneous pressure measurements and “big data” processing are shown to have led to a new paradigm in the relation between the structural designer and the wind engineer, wherein the former is in full control of all aspects of the modern design process, referred to as database-assisted design.
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The article addresses the structure of scientific research in the context of the methodology of science. This goal is realized through the concrete material of physical theory, detailing the structure of scientific research and its elements; its process and the laws it obeys; its results, which leadthe process; its motives, e.g. the "driving forces" of research and the role of philosophy in the process.The paperexamines the theoretical phase of researches as a synthesis of the empirical and the speculative,in contrast to the existing literature that presents the opposition between theoretical and empirical research. The steps of knowledge of the objective laws in a particular area are analysed: the empirical research,the non-fundamental theoretical,the speculative, and the fundamental theoretical; this analysis allows the generalization of the patterns of scientific research. Particular attention is paid to the speculative research and its main elements. The“methodological mechanism” of formation of new fundamental conceptions in science is unravelled. The essence of this mechanism consists of some non-logical cognitive operations (idealization, choice of “Gestalt”, substitution, generalization). The knowledge of corresponding combinations of these operations made by the investigator facilitates the process of research, decreases the probability of errors in the scientific cognition.
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In opposition to the traditional studies on the history of various science, which tend to only insist on the evolution of scientific progress, the modern approach tries to link this evolution to the natural, economic and social environment in which the science evolves. Also, the evolution of various scientific disciplines is conceived as a discontinuous process, a result of successive paradigm shifts. Applying these principles to water resources engineering in Romania, the article assesses that, due to the economic and social changes which occurred in 1989, water management in Romania has encountered an anomaly which requires the definition of a new paradigm. The principles which should be applied in this exercise require adopting a holistic approach, designing an adaptive management based on the theory of complex adaptive systems and using transdisciplinary methods. For all practical applications, water resources engineering cannot be considered an independent discipline any more and requires all other related disciplines to be taken into account and joint solutions for all the involved branches of activity should be developed. The article presents various examples in which these principles have been applied in various countries to water related projects.
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The article introduces several unknown documents from the Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri – Istanbul about intentions of some Bulgarian colonists settled in Russia during the first half of the 19th century to re-emigrate in the Ottoman Empire in the 1870s. This disposition of Bulgarian colonists was mainly caused by the decision of the Russian authorities to recruit them to military service as a result of the reform which equalized the rights of foreign colonists to those of other Russian peasants (1871). Unlike other well-known cases of re-emigration of Bulgarians from Russia to the Ottoman Empire, this episode has remained so far out of the researchers’ attention. The documents are written in French and are part of the official correspondence of senior diplomatic officials in Odessa, Braila and St. Petersburg with the Ottoman Minister of Foreign Affairs. They are published in French and are accompanied by а Bulgarian translation and historical commentary.
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The author publishes in her article the marginal notes left by the hand of priest Bonne Stoychov of Belchin village. The notes are excerpted from three sources – “The Gospel of Enlightenment” (1856) and “New Testament” (1859) from the collection “Bulgarian Old Printed Books 1806–1878” of the National Library “St. St. Cyril and Methodius “ and from a book with an unknown title kept in a church in the village of Belchin. An attempt is made to present Bonne Stoychov as an author of marginal notes by his choice of topics in them and his appraisal of their value expressed in his decision to rewrite some of them. The presented source material gives an opportunity to outline the personality and the life path of a Bulgarian priest – Bonne Stoychov.
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Unpublished letter of Sofia Bishop Stefan to the regent of Yugoslavia Paul Karađorđević from 1938, reflecting the views of the Bulgarian cleric on the ideas of “Integral Yugoslavia” and the unification of the two Balkan states.
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The global competition challenge has become a call to action for both the private and the public sector to find innovative ways to foster entrepreneurship. In this context, the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) has become a metaphor used to Foster entrepreneurship as an economic development strategy. A functioning EE will be fueled by the synergy created by leadership, governance, and institutions aimed at mobilizing capital labor and resources. Emerging and functioning entrepreneurial ecosystems alike are the result of a rather lengthy process, not necessarily structured, in which entrepreneurs take the risks of launching their ideas and make sustained efforts to disrupt the long-standing accepted norms. They are the disrupters. The 21st century confirms Schumpeter’s prescient assessment that entrepreneurs are the key agents of creative destruction and provides examples showing that EEs are characterized by continued transformation and are informed by and have a direct effect on the places where they emerge. We acknowledge the substantive contribution to the still evolving understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystem development in Isenberg’s (2010, 2014) work; O’Connor et al. (2018) in their research of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Foundations of Place-based Renewal; and input on policy development from OECD and the European Commission.
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The bibliography of the works on the Homeland War in the Bjelovar–Bilogora County was composed in order to present them together to the interested public. The purpose was to familiarise the users with the existing material, enable them to quickly find bibliographic data, and stimulate them to further explore this topic. The bibliography comprises books, papers published in scientific and expert journals, wartime newspapers that had been published in the Bjelovar–Bilogora County, and audiovisual material. The bibliography further includes scientific and expert literature published in Croatia 1990–2013, which describes and analyses the causes of the downfall of Yugoslavia; the Great-Serbian ideology and policy; the causes of the aggression; wartime operations and military formations; the fall of the barracks of the Yugoslav National Army; the migrations of the population; displaced persons and refugees; wartime sufferings and the victims of the war; destroying monument and cultural heritage; wounding and medical care for the endangered in the areas of Bjelovar, the Bjelovar–Bilogora County and western Slavonia.
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