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A NEW ACCOUNT ABOUT THE DELTAVI MONASTERY IN JERUSALEM ACCORDING TO THE MANUSCRIPT JER. GEO. 65

Author(s): Tinatin TSERADZE / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The paper discusses the colophon of Georgian nun Douda kept in the 13th century Parakletikon - Georgian manuscript N 65 of the Library of Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Jerusalem. The colophon provides us remarkable information about Deltavi monastery of Jerusalem whose location is not specified. There are also accounts about two Georgian feudal families of medieval times in the text, namely, about the family of Abazaisdze and the family of Jakeli. According to the colophon, the manuscript’s beneficiary Douda was the daughter of Abazaisdze Tbeli and the wife of Beshken Bibila Jakeli. She has three sons: Sula, Botso and Memna. Douda used to live in Memna's house (presumably after widowhood), but after Memna’s death she decided to go to Jerusalem and has chosen to live in the Jerusalem Deltavi Monastery of John the Baptist. Thus, based on this text we can undoubtedly conclude that the monastery was located in Jerusalem - Douda clearly states that he made the decision to settle in Jerusalem and selected monastery of Deltavi for this purpose. b) She also states that the Deltavi Monastery was built in the name of John the Baptist.

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BAJKE: Велики орао и ловац

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2021

Georgian folk tale translated by Dajana Lazarević: ВЕЛИКИ ОРАО И ЛОВАЦ.

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Cyber Experience as a Resource for Making Alternative Worlds in the Georgian Postmodernist Novel "Chewing Dawns: Sugar-Free"

Author(s): Irakli Khvedelidze / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2020

The paper analyses a contemporary Georgian novel – Zura Jishkariani’s Chewing Dawns: Sugar-free. The novel belongs to the sub-genre of bio-punk. The aim of the paper was to identify the defamiliarized and ironized socio-cultural processes taking place in the contemporary Georgian society, considering the narratological concept of alternative worlds and the theoretical framework of conceptual metaphor. The outcomes of the research would draw the cultural-intellectual orientations of contemporary Georgian society. Based on these two conclusions, the paper aimed to find an age-long similarity between the social-political challenges of the 1920s and the contemporary problems of the Georgian society. Research has proved that numerous systems of values have been deconstructed and carnivalized by means of a play with alternative worlds. The development of the world depends on the activation of the human brain capacity, which ensures the cognition of the “higher reality“. The literary text under analysis reflects current achievements in cognitive sciences. The mental trips reflect the capacity of the human brain. The text describes the protagonist’s aspiration towards manipulating and stimulating of the human brain. This is the only way to overcome the banality of life. The manner of narration and the idealization of the aim serve the purpose of description of the revolutionary spirit.

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DRACHEN- UND RIESENGESTALTEN IN GEORGISCHEN UND BULGARISCHEN VOLKSMÄRCHEN

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DRACHEN- UND RIESENGESTALTEN IN GEORGISCHEN UND BULGARISCHEN VOLKSMÄRCHEN

Author(s): Elene Gogiashvili / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2020

In Eastern European folktales, the supernatural adversary appears often in form of a dragon, a snake or a giant. The same fantastic figures have symbolic meanings in Christian religion too. The article gives an account of Georgian and Bulgarian folktales, demonstrating pre-Christian and Christian thoughts in folk narrative tradition on the example of fairy-tale characters Dev (Giant in Georgian and Bulgarian folktales), Gvel-veshapi (Dragon in Georgian folktales), Zmej and Lamja (Snake in Bulgarian folktales). Because fairytales include elements of the nature-based religions of the ancients, it stands to reason that Christian religion is also reflected in them. An overview of folkloric materials outlines the characteristics, constants and variables of the mythological and Christian images of snake, dragon and giant as well as pagan folkloric transformations of the folk beliefs in these beings. This article presents a comparison of the typology of Georgian and Bulgarian folktales in context of their cultural traditions.

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European Discourse in the “Transitional Period” of the Georgian Literature

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European Discourse in the “Transitional Period” of the Georgian Literature

Author(s): Tamar Vephkhvadze / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The “Transitional period” occupies a special place in the history of old Georgian Literature. It is at this time, at the turn of the XVIII - XIX centuries, when the great changes in the political or spiritual life of the Georgian nation are marked, which have radically changed the public life of the Georgians and, to some extent, the consciousness as well. These changes were followed by the greatest literary event of the XIX century, Georgian Romanticism, the chronologically preceding period of which the socalled “Transitional period” coincides with the existence of a directly preced-ing literary phenomenon of Romanticism in Europe, known as “Preromanticism”. Therefore, this period is a kind of “preparatory” stage for Romanticism and, quite logically, is considered as “Preromanticism”. Representatives of Georgian “Preromanticism” and later Georgian Romanticists of the XIX century translated and in-troduced to the public the works of Voltaire, Rousseau, Cornell, Racine, Lafontaine, Hugo, Mickiewicz, Heine, Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lermontov and others.

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L’écriture de l’exil comme transgression topologique et linguistique

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L’écriture de l’exil comme transgression topologique et linguistique

Author(s): Mihaela-Genţiana Stănişor / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2022

In this review we analyze the book of Stéphane Cermakian, Poétique de l’exil. Friedrich Hölderlin, Arthur Rimbaud et Nigoghos Sarafian, (Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2021), focusing on the author’s manner of constructing an argumentative discourse based on the configuration of a literature and a language specific to exile. He studies three authors belonging to different cultural spaces and ages: Friedrich Hölderlin (Germany), Arthur Rimbaud (France) and Nigoghos Sarafian (Armenia).

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PSYCHOLOGICAL PORTRAIT OF A CHARACTER BASED ON THE POEM “ GAMZRDELI (THE MASTER)” BY AKAKI TSERETELI

Author(s): Giorgi Khorbaladze / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2021

The aim of the current scholarly work is to present to the wider audience the psychological portrait of a character based on the poem “ the Master” by Akaki Tsereteli.“The master” , one of the famous poem has been under the scrutiny and subject of the animated discussion since it was written. It is almost impossible to find a well- respected scholar who has not touched the subject. The poem was written a century ago but the idea, depth and mesmerizing variety of characters and their complex personalities are as interesting and urgent as it was one hundred year ago. Therefore, the objective of the given research is the psychological portrait of the main character of the Poem, Batu. In the early stage of the research, using the psychoanalysis method, we anticipate that Batu’s action could not have been triggered by the heat of the moment, rather we think that these actions should have had the precondition in the form of inner sets, which will discuss in the later parts of the research paper.By using the psychoanalysis method, we think, we have achieved the desired goal of opening up the plethora of inner sets of the main character and it, respectively triggered the proposition of interesting topics, such us:• the portrayal of inner sets of an ideal hero, which are described by his unconscious in his actions;• finding the links between the constitutive dispositions and the life’s destiny of the character;• finding the hidden protest of a character in his unconscious actions towards the social and class segregation• finding the roots of the personal conflicts, in a non-direct stage of competition• emotional experience of pride, as a trigger of direct competition against the foe• finding the links between the unreachable unconscious and the artistic creations

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SLOVENSKÝ PREKLAD GOETHEHO FAUSTA V RUKOPISNEJ POZOSTALOSTI KAROLA STRMEŇA

Author(s): Ján Čakanek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 04/2021

Of the Slovak translations of Goethe’s Faust, the fragmentary translation by Karol Strmeň from the late 1940s or early 1950s is completely outside the academic discourse. Until now, it has lain unnoticed in the Literary Archive of the Slovak National Library as part of the author’s extensive manuscript estate transferred from the USA. The absence of its critical reflection has caused a rupture in the continuous mapping out of the Faustian translations in Slovakia and created an illusion of the unwavering status of Móric Mittelmann Dedinský’s representative translation from the 1960s. The main aim of this study is to approach the personality of Karol Strmeň through the prism of extratextual factors (the socio-historical context, the subject of the translator, a political gesture and a political event) and to determine the extent of their influence on Strmeň’s translation poetics. The latter will be analysed by employing a method of strict comparison of the structural and aesthetic dominants of the translation with Johann Wolfgang Goethe’s original.

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TEXTOLOGICAL-CODICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BESARION ORBELISHVILI „GRDELMI“

Author(s): Nino Megeneishvili / Language(s): English Issue: 51/2021

Polemic direction is one of the oldest and the most important branches of Georgian literature. As Christianity (other confessions as well) was fought by the opponents and to neutralize them was the aim of polemic literature. The Georgian polemic literature should theoretically overcome the offensives of foreign confessions and different branches of Christianity, specifically of Catholicism, as the number of Catholic missioners to Georgia grows in the 17th-18th century. Their diplomatic approach, which carried secret and hided propaganda of Catholicism, became dangerous for Orthodox Christianity. The purpose of polemical writing is to explain the essence of the problem on the basis of solid argumentation and to prove the presented position. The argument had to be convincing and accountable, so in such writings the phrases were measured according to strict academic quality and were based on a rich intellectual resource. Opponents of polemical writings were perceived to be not only the literary-polemicist, theologian or clergyman, but the entire state institution.At David Gareji literary center the idea of creation of specific polemic work – resisting Catholicism was developed; well-known writer Besarion Orbelishvili was charged with an important mission – to create such work. He succeeded in this and compiled the extensive work „Grdemli“. In this work he examined important disputable issues connected with the East-West Churches. Each debatable question is abolished with the citations from Holy Scripture and the writings of Church Fathers. „Grdemli“ has received wide popularity in Old Georgia.There are 12 manuscripts of “Grdemli” stored at The National Center of Manuscripts and Kutaisi and Gori at the Ethnographic museums.

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The Common Mythic Roots of a Kisti Legend and the Georgian Ballad Eteriani

Author(s): Rusudan Cholokashvili,Kevin Tuite / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

The Kisti Chechen tale “The vine of love” was recorded in Tusheti in the 2nd half of the 19th century by I. Tsiskarishvili, and a Russian version of it was published in the journal Zurna.2 The Russian text is a stylized rendering, overlayering the poignant story of two doomed Kisti lovers. The heart of the story is how a young man and woman died unmarried, because of a friend’s betrayal: Believing a falsehood told by a shepherd, that an evil spirit was at the water spring, Omar-Ali mistakenly killed his lover Gazelo who had been awaiting him there. When the lad found out to his horror what he had done, he killed the deceitful shepherd, and then himself. In view of the artlessness of the story, one could consider it an ordinary example of folklore, if not for evidence from beginning and end of the story which demonstrates its link to mythic thought and traditional ritual. In particular, in the introduction it is said that every Kisti knows this story, and they sing it at festive gatherings. At the end it is stated that from the graves of the lovers, whom the people buried side-by-side, there grew two grapevines, which attached themselves to a nearby tree, and wrapped around each other, as once did the young people buried beneath them.

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VASİL BARNOV’UN HİKÂYELERİNDE SEVGİ MOTİFİ: “AŞK - TANRI'NIN SİMGESİDİR!”

Author(s): Tamar KHVEDELİANİ,Sudan Altun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 48/2020

The article discusses the philosophical theory of the divinity of love. This theory has been studied according to the stories of Vasil Barnov. We are talking about two interesting studies. The first of these is "Sweet Whistle" and the second is "Flowers". According to the author, the Creator is infinite goodness and light; manifested in the form of love and beauty. Love is divine and therefore immortal; No one can fight against love because whoever fights it is doomed to fail sooner or later. Generaly beauty is material and it’s earthly but constantly strives for divine and eventually returns to Him. Although the characters in the work at first glance appear as strange people, different from the others, then the truth is understood. It questions the reader with questions such as Do you remember the episodes of your previous lives, have you lived this moment before, do you believe in reincarnation because they have experienced it themselves. For them, the core value in this life is compassion and love. The characters in the stories always attribute God to be love and to God as the birthplace of love. In this context, love, the existence and origin of love, reincarnation theory will be interpreted by Barnov’s stories.

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Литературные аллюзии и языковые параллели у Николоза Бараташвили и Адама Мицкевича (стихотворение Мерани и поэма Фарис)

Author(s): Manana Mikadze / Language(s): Russian Issue: 20/2020

“Of the Georgian romantics, the greatest poet and the greatest philosopher is Nikoloz Baratashvili” – these words of Professor Giorgi Dzhibladze best express the genius of Nikoloz Baratashvili, who at the age of 26 ended his turbulent and tragic life, having failed to fulfill his dreams because of the physical trauma, unable to embody her great love in reality, although Ekaterina Chavchavadze-Dadiani (the object of his unrequited love) saved his poetry from oblivion: it was she who gave the great Georgian writer Ilya Chavchavadze Baratashvili’s manuscript, thanks to which she actually returned the great poet’s Georgian literature to this time, unfortunately, is almost forgotten. In our opinion, Nikoloz Baratashvili could get acquainted with Faris by Adam Mitskevich through Russian translation. This circumstance led some scholars (Iona Meunargia, Kit Abashidze) to believe that the Georgian Merani was allegedly created under a certain influence of the poem of the Polish poet. Such a view of this issue, in our opinion, is devoid of a real foundation, primarily due to the fact that these two works in their artistic form show a very distant, almost insignificant similarity, while the ideological relationship is indisputable. The poetic spirit of Mitskevich was undoubtedly close to Nikoloz Baratashvili. A. Mitskevich dedicated his poem to the Polish scientist Vaclav Razhevsky, who suffered the same fate as the hero of the poem. V. Razhevsky conducted scientific research in Arabia, where he died. Mickiewicz paints a heroic image of a rider who is not afraid of anything; Baratashvili, on the other hand, describes the despair of his rider, who is in a state when nothing in the world matters to him and who prefers death to life, but meaningful death, sacrificed to descendants. The genius of the author of Merani is manifested precisely in the fact that in the harsh, gloomy atmosphere of his time, he still managed to discern that a person in the future will still win, that the time will come and justice will triumph: there will be a holiday on his street. N. Baratashvili was able to unite reason and faith, and in their selfless, titanic confrontation with blind fate, he saw the highest meaning and justification of human existence. Merani for all Georgian poetry is the same crown as The Knight in the Panther’s Skin by Shota Rustaveli. If classic epic thinking found its fullest reflection in Rustaveli’s poem, Merani is a brilliant example of lyrical self-expression characteristic of romantic poetry.

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Парадоксы советского дискурса 30-х годов: от библейской метафоры к идеологеме вождя

Author(s): Irine Modebadze,Tamar Tsitsishvili / Language(s): Russian Issue: 104/2021

The study first raised the question of using biblical metaphors in the process of establishing Soviet ideology and creating a cult of the leader of the Soviet people. Authors tested the story “Blizzard” by Georgian writer Shalva Dadiani in the context of Georgian cultural mentality and studied the ideology function of the biblical metaphor “The Pillar of Light” in the discourse of Georgian Soviet prose.An analysis of the text proved that in Georgian culture, the basic concepts-metaphors of Christian Doctrine were an effective weapon of Soviet propaganda. At Bible the “The Pillar of Fire”, “The Pillar of Cloud” and “The Pillar of Light” are theophany – the manifestations of the presence of the God. The biblical metaphor transformed into an ideology representation of the Soviet Leader and in the text of the Shalva Dadiani this is an allegory of the New Messiah – Stalin. As a result, with the help of biblical metaphors were formed a new ideological concept (the Soviet leader is the Messiah of the New Doctrine) and the new metaphorical model of Soviet reality. Thus, by transferring the basic values of the traditional Christian conceptual sphere to the Soviet ideological one, a new ideological concept is created and a new metaphorical model of Soviet reality is formed. This achieved a double goal: the inviolability of the Soviet ideologeme was confirmed on an emotional level, and at the same time the respect and trust in the Church that had been carried for many generations was undermined – it was transferred to the new teaching and its adherents.

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Преосмисляне на грузинското литературно поле през втората половина на XIX век: ролята на европейските културни трансфери

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Преосмисляне на грузинското литературно поле през втората половина на XIX век: ролята на европейските културни трансфери

Author(s): Tamara Svanidzé / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2021

The present work questions the logic and the functioning of the flows of importation in the field of literature in the second half of the 19th century, using the concept of cultural transfers, as developed by Michel Espagne and Michael Werner, along with Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the literary field. These methodological perspectives allow us to relativize the canonical vision of Georgian literature and to illuminate the role played by the importation of European works in the organization and evolution of the internal literary field. My analysis of critical discourse and of paratexts reveals how much literary transfers enabled Georgian literature to renew itself and actively participated in the configuration of the host system, while at the same time contributing to the reinforcement of the positions that structure the Georgian intellectual field of the time. This field has witnessed the arrival of a new conception of literature conveyed by the reformist intelligentsia that relegates traditional practices to the periphery of the system, and and has become divided between literature in conformity with aesthetic norms and current ideologies and the “sub-field.” By clarifying the motivations that have led to the selection and interpretation of European texts and authors, I hope to offer a better comprehensive perspective on the different facets of this field and on the power relations that constitute it.

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ПРИНУДИТЕЛЬНО-ЗАКАЗАННЫЙ РОМАН И ВАЖНОСТЬ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ПИСАТЕЛЯ ПРИ ИСПОЛНЕНИИ “ПРИКАЗА”

Author(s): Giorgi Khorbaladze / Language(s): Russian Issue: 52/2021

No matter how paradoxical it may seem, one of the outstanding representatives of the Georgian historical novel, Konstantin Gamsakhurdia, when discussing the historical novel, believed that the “historical” predicate was absolutely unnecessary, since “any novel will eventually become historical,” he said. Regardless of the fact that we agree or not with this consideration of the writer, such an attitude of his is by no means an obstacle to our statement that Otari Chkheidze's novel "Dzhebiri" (Dam) is already a historical novel today. The opportunity to state this is precisely the circumstance that, contrary to the wishes of the then state machine, the novel, as an example of socialist realism, did not take place in any way. Under the current conditions, it is easy to give such an assessment as "did not take place", but in those political and repressive conditions, the writer's conscientiousness and dedication led to the adoption of a risky decision - the creation of such a novel. In turn, all this allowed us to give such an assessment. Comprehension in a parallel mode of the period of creation of the novel and its content, testifies to the fact that despite the existing risk, the writer refused to falsify, he could not let the reader down and go to his deception, he could not let himself down and go against his own "I", he took a chance and went for broke. Thus, within the framework of this study, we tried to analyze the anti-Soviet novel created in Soviet times from a modern point of view and review a whole range of issues with great attention and comprehension. It seems that as a result of everything, we have had the opportunity to make interesting conclusions. However, we immediately add that our research is a drop in the ocean in comparison with the super-impressive creative artistic world of Otari Chkheidze. Therefore, we plan to continue and further expand this research and believe that even more attention should be paid to the study of Otari Chkheidze's work and current literary criticism.

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СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА ПО ИСТОРИЧЕСКИМ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯМ ВАСИЛИЯ БАРНОВА

Author(s): Vakhtang İNAURİ / Language(s): Russian Issue: 48/2020

In the article there is the research work about Georgian writer Vasil Barnovi (Barnaveli) and the most social problem form one of his interesting and original context. This problem is the most difficult task in the history of our country. The history of development of genres dedicated to the name of V. Barnovi in the research work the attention is paid to the motifs from historical writings from which the reader is getting familiar with interesting task from the history about the relationship in Georgia between different social status people and person (characters). Social differentiation is analyzed on the base of historical writings in pagan and Christian period. The social contradistinction is shown on the base of love and morality which are the most common ideas in the stories of V. Barnovi and also the task of battle between devil and kindness in connected with this. From point of view of modernity there is given the authors attitude to the heroes struggling for the low social people and this view is shown analyzing character’s spiritual world and nature.

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აკაკი წერეთლის პოეტიკა: ძირითადი ტენდენციები

Author(s): Tamar Lomidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 21/2020

In a previous article we examined the general regularities of the poetics of Ilya Chavchavadze as a representative of critical realism. In order to substantiate our conclusions, it would be useful to identify the main trends in the work of other representatives of this literary direction, and in particular the poetics of Akaki Tsereteli, a prominent representative of 19th-century Georgian realistic literature; identify the common features of critical realism in his work, as well as the specific forms in which they are embodied. When discussing the main features of critical realism (realism of the 19th century), one should consider the problem of the criterion for the classification of literary trends. Roman Jacobson formulated one of the most important principles used as a tool for classifying literary trends. According to Jacobson, either metaphor (synthesis principle) or metonymy (analysis) dominates in various literary directions. This idea of Jacobson was not developed extensively in philology, with the exception of several works, such as “Megahistory” by professor of the University of Constanz, I.P. Smirnov (Smirnov, 2000), in which the most significant and fundamental conclusions are made on the basis of an analysis of world literature. Our study of Georgian romantic literature revealed that, contrary to Jacobson’s opinion, the artistic thinking of Georgian romantic poets is metonymic, analytical. The question arises: which – metaphorical or metonymic – principle of thinking and perception is revealed in realism and, in particular, in the work of Georgian representatives of the socalled critical realism? Naturally, having studied the main features of the poetics of Ilya Chavchavadze, it is necessary to analyze the work of Akaki Tsereteli in this regard. In the study, we took into account the postulates of I.P. Smirnov, expressed by him in the book “Megahistory”. It can be assumed that, in contrast to romanticism, in realistic 19th-century literature not metonymy dominates, but a metaphor, i.e. not analysis, but synthesis. An analysis of the poetics of Ilya Chavchavadze confirmed this assumption. What unites Akaki Tsereteli and Ilya Chavchavadze as realist writers is a metaphorical principle of thinking and worldview in general. This is reflected even in the active participation of Akaki Tsereteli (along with Ilya Chavchavadze) in the so-called the struggle of the “fathers” and “sons”.

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ალექსანდრე ხახანაშვილი და ბრიტანეთის მუზეუმის ქართული ხელნაწერები

Author(s): Mariam Koberidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 6/2021

A number of important Georgian manuscripts have been preserved in various libraries and museums around the world. Aleksandre Khakhanashvili has made a great contribution to the collection, publication and promotion of Georgian manuscripts and archival materials. This article refers to five Georgian manuscripts preserved in the British Museum (London), which were described and published by Aleksandre Khakhanashvili in 1905 in Georgian and in 1913 in Russian. The research is based on scientific literature, archival materials of press and archival materials reflecting Aleksandre Khakhanashvili’s work. The work is noteworthy for the study of the history of Georgian culture and manuscripts. The manuscripts described by Aleksandre Khakhanashvili are: "The Lives of the Holy Fathers"; "The Hymns of the Virgin", "The Prayer-Book", “Davitni” (“The Psalms of David") and the magazine "Musha" (“Worker”). "The Lives of the Holy Fathers” describes the life and work of eminent religious figures of the III-VIII centuries, represents 369 pages made in Khutsuri on leather and contains works on the life of the Twelve Holy Fathers. It is clear from the lives of the Holy Fathers - "Stephen and Nikon" that the collection was translated by the order of Father John in the Lavra of Saba from a person whose contemporaries are named famous church figures: George, Michael, Saba and Arsen. Zarzma Monastery is mentioned in the text. In 1975, the text of "The Lives of the Holy Fathers" was published, annexed the research and dictionary by the famous linguist Vakhtang Imnaishvili. In the paper we will focus on the relation of the manuscript described by Aleksandre Khakhanashvili with the manuscript published by Vakhtang Imnaishvili.

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ბიზანტიური და ქართული ჰიმნოგრაფიის ისტორიიდან (გიორგი მთაწმინდელის რედაქციის „მარხვანი“)

Author(s): Lela Khachidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 21/2020

The “Lenten Triodion” is one of the extremely important liturgical-hymnographical collections, which provides the hymns for the Lent period. This collection contains a treasury of Byzantine and Georgian hymnography – numerous hymns, the authors of which are the outstanding representatives of the Christian Church and culture. A great number of hymns have come down to us anonymously and the authorship attribution is impossible only by Greek sources. The Georgian “Lenten Triodion”, like all other liturgical books, reached the peak of its development thanks to the activity of the greatest representative of the Georgian Church and culture – George the Athonite (1009-1065). Numerous manuscripts containing the “Lenten Triodion” under George the Athonite’s redaction have come down to us. Based on their study, one group of manuscripts which is especially important for the study of this collection has been singled out. Our goal is to prepare for publication the academic text of the “Lenten Triodion” under George the Athonite’s redaction according to nine Georgian manuscripts of the XI-XV centuries, along with relevant studies. Among the manuscripts contained in this collection, special importance is attached to the manuscript kept at the National Library of Paris – Paris. Georg. 5. As it turns out, this is a unique manuscript of this collection having autograph importance, which we took as a basis for the publication of the “Lenten Triodion” under George the Athonite’s redaction.

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გიორგი ლეონიძე და ძველი პოეტები

Author(s): Emzar Kvitaishvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 22/2021

Among 20th-century Georgian poets, it is difficult to name any other writer who could, like Giorgi Leonidze, evaluate the merits of their predecessors and give a comprehensive description of their works. Not many could show such sympathy as he did, concern about the forgotten, assistance in scholarly editions of the literary heritage. Since his youth, it became his inner, spiritual need. Having had a wonderful talent for poetry, he was thoroughly acquainted with the history of Georgia, museums located in different cities, archival materials, ethnography which is evidenced in numerous letters and diaries. All this gave credibility to Giorgi Leonidze’s studies, the reliability of which has never been questioned. He expressed his love and admiration for his great predecessors especially in poetry. The title of this paper has been specially chosen. In his youth, Giorgi Leonidze wrote extremely interesting verse, which is called “The Poets of Older Generations”. First, a reference is made to the eminent poets of the past centuries; then it is said how naturally and freely their voices sounded like chanting of so many different birds and in the third stanza some of them are directly named - “Shota, Besiki, Guramishvili, Vazha-Pshavela”. This does not mean at all that Giorgi Leonidze would not mention those who are missing from this list with the same reverence. Every time he listed the earlier Georgian poets, naturally, he gave priority to Rustaveli, although he did not publish any scholarly research on the author of the “Vepkhistqaosani”, as he felt himself unprepared for this. However, to none of his predecessors, he dedicated as many verses of admiration as to Rustaveli.

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