"Gaza Strip" - a Unique political area

Author(s): Gideon Biger / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

Gaza Strip, a small area located in the South East shore of the Mediterranean sea in a unique political territorial entity which fro time to time catch the headline as rockets are sent from it to Israel and Israel retaliating by army force. It is part of the non - independence Palestinian Authority, not recognized as a separated area by no-one, behave independently toward the world. It was created by a series of political agreements, military activities, citizen wars, United Nation resolutions and agreements, more the 10 times during the last 100 years, and its future is still to be seen.

"Geografija religije"

Author(s): Milovan R. Pecelj / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

„GEOGRAFIJA RELIGIJE“ Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu , 2011 , pp. 500 , ISBN 978-86-82657-88-0

"Kafkas Seddi" Projesi ve Türkiye

Author(s): Mehmet Seyfettin Erol,Abdurrahim Fahimi Aydin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 7/2005

After the 1st World War, the British government oriented its influence in the Southern Caucasus to sut up a Caucasian wall composed of the three regional countries, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia, in order to stop the Bolshevik Russia and to separate the latter from Turkey. Situation changed after the White Army was defeated in the Northern Caucasus, and the three Caucasian states were brought under Soviet control. On the one hand, Turkey considered the Bolshevik Russia as a natural ally against The Western imperialist forces, then invading many parts of Turkey, and on the other hand, made use of the rise of Bolshevism as a cause against the imperialist forces, thus became very strong diplomatically.

"ŁAD POSTLIZBOŃSKI" W EUROPIE

Author(s): Piotr Nowak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

The author of the article puts forward a thesis that the period in the international relations that came after the Cold War has already been completed and we are now in another one, to which he gives the name of the Post-Lisbon order. So far, in the discourse on the international relations it is called the post-Cold War order, without a clear distinction of its timeframe. The author, who presents a theoretical introduction of the definition of the international order which he perceives as a way of determining the relationship between international actors, who also presents the most important provisions of the Treaty of Lisbon and the New NATO Strategic Concept (adopted in Lisbon), called the new period a post-Lisbon order. By analyzing the presented problems the article constitutes an attempt to prove the thesis which was put forward at the beginning.

"Municipal settlements of Ukraine" database and its possible application spheres

Author(s): Glibchuk Petro Volodymyrovych / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2016

With the development of geoinformation technologies and geoinformation mapping the sphere of activity of professional geographers and cartographers has been enriched by a wide application of databases (DB). They enable geographical information to be put in order in a user-friendly system. The article considers the methodological aspects of the organizations and creation of such a system - the "Municipal settlements of Ukraine" databases. The basic stages and databases forming the principles which the author designated during the creation of this specific database are highlighted. The DB structure is revealed - the list of the data included in every table is given. The ways of DB applications are determined; they consist in using DB for the creation of various cartographic studies and reference books about the municipal settlements in Ukraine. The prospects of DB development and perfection are considered.

"To Be European Means to Be Me"

The Perspective of Young Muslims in Kosovo on European Identity

Author(s): Friedrich Püttmann / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2016

Since the beginning of the integration process into the European Union a continuous discourse has evolved about what characterizes ‘Europe’ and whether there is a common ‘European identity’. Most recently, this discourse has tended to define the European ‘Self’ in contrast to a ‘foreign’ Muslim ‘Other’. The debate is taking place against the background of new Muslim arrivals in Europe. However, the presence of Muslim citizens in Europe is not a recent phenomenon. This empirical research paper explores the effects this discourse has had on the perspective of Muslim youths in Kosovo on European identity. Kosovo is seen as a European country with a centuries-old Muslim presence. It seeks to further ‘Europeanize’ itself in order to connect with the EU. By means of qualitative in-depth interviews with young practicing Muslims in Prishtina the paper reveals that the participants have not started to view ‘Europe’ in any negative way. Instead, they use their positive understanding of European identity which they associate with diversity and freedom of religion for Muslims. The respondents heavily criticize their own government for misunderstanding the concept as denoting ‘un-Muslim’, which leads to an oppression of practicing Muslims in Kosovo in light of the country’s attempt to ‘be European’.

"To nie my przekroczyliśmy granicę, to ona przecięła nas." Biopolityka europejskiego reżimu migracyjnego

Author(s): Lukasz Moll / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2016

This article reconceptualizes analytical tools suitable to theorizing the European migration regime by employing concepts developed by philosophers of biopolitics. By referring to border and migration studies, it diagnoses both the crisis of the traditional conceptualization of the border and the crisis of the post-Westphalian political order in Europe. Identifying the end of bordering practices as a result of the intertwining of sovereignty, territory, and population in the context of a neoliberal regime of capital accumulation, the article proposes to treat borders as productive apparatuses (dispositifs). While they support the desirable flows of people, they block the undesirable forms of circulation. In conclusion, the article argues that the co-existence of borderless spaces within the European Union with the arbitrary mechanisms of mobility control applied to non-EU migrants is impossible to maintain in the long run. Keeping the current status quo will result in the obliteration of the inside/outside division and a rupture in the strong link between borders and territory. In effect, the same apparatuses which aimed to make free mobility possible are becoming its main source of danger.

"Ойкистите" в релефите на стратези от Месамбрия

Author(s): Ivan Marazov / Language(s): Bulgarian,German / Issue: 1/2004

"Это утопия, это болото": жанры повествования о городе

Author(s): Varvara Kobyshcha / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Any researcher who works with local people in a small town soon finds a number of repeating topics, stories, symbols, characters, and attitudes. Together they create a generalized image that, to a greater or lesser degree, is shared by its inhabitants. In order to move beyond merely recording different forms of self-description and to use these data as instruments of explanation and comparative analysis, the author proposes a model for the genre analysis of such “local” narratives. This allows us to a) reveal links between the past (cultural memory), present (image), and future (expectations and scenarios) of a city; b) explain the cultural preconditions of observed collective and individual actions; and c) explain the specificity of the affective connection between citizens and their city. In the second part of the paper the author demonstrates some results of the application of this model, using two case studies: Myshkin (visited in 2013) and Kologriv (visited in 2010). The narratives of local inhabitants are structured according to the genres of ”progress” (development) and ”regress” (decay). The author is especially interested in how these genres constitute peculiar types of agency, as well as a repertoire of (im)possible actions.

(С)поделена природа? Природно наследство и местно развитие в един регион от българо-сръбското пограничие

Author(s): Ivaylo Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The article is focused on a border region between Bulgaria and Serbia which is geographically dominated by Ruy Mountain (whose ridge is the boundary between Bulgaria and Serbia) and the valley of Erma river forming two huge defiles along its way in this mountainous region – the Lomnishko defile (in Bulgaria) and the Poganovsko defile (in Serbia). The micro region (from natural and geographical point of view) shared until 1919 several cultural, social and economic characteristics (from an anthropological point of view), thus forming a common historical and geographical entity. The demarcation of the boundary between Bulgaria and Serbia as a result of the Treaty of Neuilly split the region between the two countries. The border regime, which was rigid and impermeable through the whole second half of the 20th century, made the zones on the both sides of the border well guarded, but industrially underdeveloped periphery. With the opening of the border in the period after 1989 and especially with the intensification of the European integration processes the character of the Bulgarian-Serbian border is undergoing changes and is gradually turning into a bridge for diverse trans-border initiatives. A great deal of these initiatives are connected with the well preserved ecology of the region, which is evaluated at present as a treasure by the local authorities and communities who believe it to be an important resource and instrument for the overcoming of the peripheral position of the region.

14. Yüzyılda Osmanlı - Bizans Ucunda Toplumsal Hayat

Author(s): Tunay Karakök / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 11/2018

In the 13th century Ottomans established the Turkish principalities in Anatolia, took power and were able to land on the basis of the Byzantine statehood. To be able to state the Ottomans at the same time also become neighbors with Byzantium.That work that complicated, but also intercultural exchange of the border easily and as often happened - one of the ends of the 14th century in the Ottoman Empire - tackles social life that took place in the Byzantine end. Our work in this context: a general assessment was made and the border - an entry dealt with the concept of the end; The arrival of the Ottomans in Anatolia and the Byzantine border settlement with 14 first part described the relationship with the political situation of the Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire in the century; In the 14th century it is composed of Ottoman and Byzantine Lead happened in the second section summarizes results and recovered a section that described the social life also described in details.

16. Yüzyılda Kırım'da Köle Ticareti

Author(s): Zübeyde Günes Yagci / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 8/2006

The Ottomans completely controlled the Black Sea trade including slave trade after the conquest of Constantinople. Up to the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire met its slave needs from the war captives and from frontier raids in the Balkans. However, the increasing military resistance in Europe against the Ottomans forced them to find out other ways to meet the demand for slave. Therefore, the Crimean Khanate took over this opportunity and began to export slaves to the Ottoman Empire. It was after this that the Crimean Tatars began to organise raids into Russia, Poland and Caucasus for slaves, and they filled the Ottoman and Egyptian slave markets.

16+1 Expert-Level Forum: China and East-Central Europe on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Kraków, 11-14 October 2016

Author(s): Hanna Schreiber / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The words of the most renowned poet of the Tang dynasty (8th century AD) about the dialogue between the past, the present, and the future – the basis of our cultural identity – accompanied the representatives of the 17 countries that were hosted in Poland on 11-14 October 2016. The renowned experts arrived in order to discuss intangible cultural heritage and its safeguarding. The organizers of this meeting were the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and the Polish National Heritage Board. It was additionally supported by the Polish Council for Intangible Cultural Heritage.

1787-1792 Osmanlı-Rus Harplerinde Kılburun, Özi Nehri ve Hocabey Muharebeleri

Author(s): Cengiz Fedakar / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 46/2015

After Turco- Russian wars of 1768-1774, Crimea gained so-called independence from the Ottoman Empire. Because of a revolt that broke out in Crimea, Russia militarily intervened in 1782, then invaded the peninsula in 1783. The Ottoman Empire began military preparations to retrieve the first loss of Muslim territory, Crimea, and declared war on Russia. Kinburn Fortress given to Russia with the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarja 1774, was located right across Ocakov Fortress which belonged to the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman forces, first, planned to retrieve this fortress from Russia to provide the security in western Crimea, then start a military operation to Crimea in this direction. To this end an assault was made to Kinburn Peninsula, a close combat took place, but Ottoman forces could not capture the fortress because of the strong defence. This unsuccesful assault cost the Ottoman Empire a lot and Russia, strenthened by the situation, captured the Ocakov Fortress in a short time. These incidents, changed the course of war to the disadvantage of the Ottoman Empire. on the other hand violent clashes took place in Odessa, ochakov River and eastern Black Sea. The Ottoman Empire unable to achieve success had to end the war, which it ventured in order to reclaim Crimea, with Iaşi Treaty.

1850-1950 Yılları Arasında Seyahatnamelerin Işığı Altında Doğu Türkistan Şehirleri

Author(s): Seda Yilmaz Vurgun / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 11/2018

East Turkestan is one of the oldest settlements of Turks. The Huns, the Gokturks and the Uyghurs are the Turkish states dominated by the region. The lands of East Turkestan were included in the borders of the Chagatai Khanate after the Mongols, and the Chinese occupation began in 1750 and continued until 1862. During this period, there have been many rebellions in East Turkestan. Beginning from the second half of the XIXth century, Yakub Bey established a strong state when he compared the powerful states of the time, including the center of Kashgar. After entered the Chinese domination, the people of East Turkistan was restricted in all field. The efforts of to influence the region of Russia and Britain have made the condition even more complicated. Russia was disturbed by the Chinese dominance in East Turkestan, so every effort was made to influence the region. Britain was in close contact with East Turkestan because of its commercial interests in India. In this study, the administrative structure and socio-cultural life in East Turkestan cities were examined under the light of foreign and domestic research works, especially travel destinations. From the second half of the XIXth century to the first half of the XXth century, the travelers who visited East Turkistan gave information about the demographic structure and religious life in the cities. Nutrition cultures and education-teaching methods of the people of East Turkestan are other issues that have been discussed in travel books.

19. Yüzyılda İngiltere’nin Basra Bölgesindeki Faaliyetleri

Author(s): Sennur Senel / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 18/2016

Basra territory is under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for a long time. Because of geo-strategic value of Basra territory, each period it witnesses important events. In the 19th century, Ottoman military and political powers start to decline, developments in the Ottoman Middle East concern to especially Britain, Russia, Germany and Persia. Due to British colonies in India, Basra territory is crucial for British Empire. In the first three quarter of 19th century, Britain protects Ottoman territorial integrity against Russia and Germany for own economic benefit and strategies about India colonies. However, after the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, Britain gives up this policy due to changed situations and balanced elements. Anglo-Ottoman relations are subject to many researches and works. In this study, Anglo-Ottoman relations specific to Basra territory and subject briefly evaluated with different perspective. In the light of the Ottoman archival documents, British activities of two periods, British protective policy period and give up this policy period, will be described. In the 19th century Anglo-Ottoman relations are increased. These relations include economic, commercial, political and diplomatic dimensions. In this study, firstly, Basra territory’s situation in the pre-19th century briefly overviewed then British activities for penetration in Basra territory in the 19th century examined in detail.

19. Yüzyılda Trabzon Limanı: Seferler, Tüccarlar, Mallar

Author(s): Yasemin Nemlioglu Koca / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 49/2016

One of the most important inner seas of world, the Black Sea reaches to Mediterranean Sea by Istanbul and the Çanakkale Straits; to the to the interior of Europe by the Danube, Dnieper and Dniester Rivers; to Asia by Caucasus. It connects sea and land trade in the shortest distance between Asia and Europe by its strategic and geographic location. Trabzon was the most important ports of the Black Sea and lived the brightest periods in when trade was condensed. Trabzon, a major transit port in the Ottoman Empire, has become a trade center to East by the 18th century with the opening of the Black Sea to international maritime trade and arrival of the foreign merchants. The East was to provide raw materials to the burgeoning industry in Europe by Trabzon-Erzurum-Tabriz Road. In 19th century, Trabzon became the busiest port of Black Sea in a very short time with the increasing volume of trade, opening embassies, the shipping agents and merchants. During this period, vinegar, wine, olives, soap, cotton, textiles, coffee, wheat, iron ore, fish, meat, fur and etc. were bought, sold and transported to other regions by non-Muslim, Turkish and foreign merchants. In this study, an attempt has been made to explain to merchants, campaigns, merchants, goods and commercial activities in the port of Trabzon in the 19th century by archive documents.

19. yy. Sonunda Rusya’nın Osmanlı Devleti Politikası ve Rusya Karadeniz Donanması Kaptanı Lev Brusilov’un Gözüyle Rusya’nın İstanbul Büyükelçisi A. İ. Nelidov

Author(s): Ihsan Çomak / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 47/2015

At the end of 19th. Century, Russia, in accordance with policy of Concert of Europe, was consulting her foreign policy towards the Ottoman Empire with European powers. But, as a result of distrust to England, Russia doubts about that England is planning to capture Bosphorus without consulting Russia. Nelidov, Russian ambassador in Istanbul, moving under the pressure of wories of British attack to Bosphorus, wrote many report to St. Petersburg in the last years of his mission (1895-1897) recommending to capture Boshporus before the Brtish do it. Lev Brusilov, a captain of russian flot, who has been in Istanbul at the end of 1897, left very important letter behind which give us valuable information about Nelidov’s character and his view of events. We can understand the psychology of Nelidov from these letters. Russia did not attack Bosphorus due emerging problems in the Far East. On the contrary, she began to follow policy of preservation Ottoman territorial unity in negotiation with :Austro-Hungary.

1995-2011 Döneminde Avrasya Ekonomilerine Yapılan Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların (DYY) Dünya Trendi ile Karşılaştırılması

Author(s): Hayri Tuzla,Suat Teker / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 4/2013

The world which rapidly globalizes and where the boundaries diminish day by day, the foreign direct investments affect many diverse macroeconomic variables, specifically economic growth and unemployment. Most current studies support that there exists a strong causality relationship between foreign direct investments and economic growth.On the other hand, there exists a weaker positive causality relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investments. Moreover, it is an undeniable fact that the economic growth leads to a decline in unemployment. This study aims to compare the foreign direct investment trends of seven Eurasian countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) in the period of 1995 and 2011. The results are compared to both the world foreign direct investment trend and the other Central Asian countries.

242 Numaralı Manisa Şer’iyye Sicili Defterinin Değerlendirmesi

Author(s): Ömer Karatas,Mustafa Akbel / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 06/2015

Court registers are the notebooks in which Moslem judges recorded the orders they gave at the courts, the documents that came from the center and the important incidents they were responsible for. Court registers include the orders, nomination certificates, imperial orders, the registers of the important incidents that happened in the county, towns and villages where essays were traversed as scripts, verdicts by the court register judges and regents at the courts. The subjects in the court registers include all kinds of incidents, regulations, historical facts that can happen in a county administration. It is possible to reveal out the economical, social, cultural and legal conditions, the in formation related to military service of that period, the social incidents before and after the war. This study we found there views on Manisa Sharia record number of 242 entries.