"Gaza Strip" - a Unique political area

Author(s): Gideon Biger / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

Gaza Strip, a small area located in the South East shore of the Mediterranean sea in a unique political territorial entity which fro time to time catch the headline as rockets are sent from it to Israel and Israel retaliating by army force. It is part of the non - independence Palestinian Authority, not recognized as a separated area by no-one, behave independently toward the world. It was created by a series of political agreements, military activities, citizen wars, United Nation resolutions and agreements, more the 10 times during the last 100 years, and its future is still to be seen.

"Geografija religije"

Author(s): Milovan R. Pecelj / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

„GEOGRAFIJA RELIGIJE“ Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu , 2011 , pp. 500 , ISBN 978-86-82657-88-0

"Kafkas Seddi" Projesi ve Türkiye

Author(s): Mehmet Seyfettin Erol,Abdurrahim Fahimi Aydin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 7/2005

After the 1st World War, the British government oriented its influence in the Southern Caucasus to sut up a Caucasian wall composed of the three regional countries, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia, in order to stop the Bolshevik Russia and to separate the latter from Turkey. Situation changed after the White Army was defeated in the Northern Caucasus, and the three Caucasian states were brought under Soviet control. On the one hand, Turkey considered the Bolshevik Russia as a natural ally against The Western imperialist forces, then invading many parts of Turkey, and on the other hand, made use of the rise of Bolshevism as a cause against the imperialist forces, thus became very strong diplomatically.

"ŁAD POSTLIZBOŃSKI" W EUROPIE

Author(s): Piotr Nowak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

The author of the article puts forward a thesis that the period in the international relations that came after the Cold War has already been completed and we are now in another one, to which he gives the name of the Post-Lisbon order. So far, in the discourse on the international relations it is called the post-Cold War order, without a clear distinction of its timeframe. The author, who presents a theoretical introduction of the definition of the international order which he perceives as a way of determining the relationship between international actors, who also presents the most important provisions of the Treaty of Lisbon and the New NATO Strategic Concept (adopted in Lisbon), called the new period a post-Lisbon order. By analyzing the presented problems the article constitutes an attempt to prove the thesis which was put forward at the beginning.

"Municipal settlements of Ukraine" database and its possible application spheres

Author(s): Glibchuk Petro Volodymyrovych / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2016

With the development of geoinformation technologies and geoinformation mapping the sphere of activity of professional geographers and cartographers has been enriched by a wide application of databases (DB). They enable geographical information to be put in order in a user-friendly system. The article considers the methodological aspects of the organizations and creation of such a system - the "Municipal settlements of Ukraine" databases. The basic stages and databases forming the principles which the author designated during the creation of this specific database are highlighted. The DB structure is revealed - the list of the data included in every table is given. The ways of DB applications are determined; they consist in using DB for the creation of various cartographic studies and reference books about the municipal settlements in Ukraine. The prospects of DB development and perfection are considered.

"To Be European Means to Be Me"

The Perspective of Young Muslims in Kosovo on European Identity

Author(s): Friedrich Püttmann / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2016

Since the beginning of the integration process into the European Union a continuous discourse has evolved about what characterizes ‘Europe’ and whether there is a common ‘European identity’. Most recently, this discourse has tended to define the European ‘Self’ in contrast to a ‘foreign’ Muslim ‘Other’. The debate is taking place against the background of new Muslim arrivals in Europe. However, the presence of Muslim citizens in Europe is not a recent phenomenon. This empirical research paper explores the effects this discourse has had on the perspective of Muslim youths in Kosovo on European identity. Kosovo is seen as a European country with a centuries-old Muslim presence. It seeks to further ‘Europeanize’ itself in order to connect with the EU. By means of qualitative in-depth interviews with young practicing Muslims in Prishtina the paper reveals that the participants have not started to view ‘Europe’ in any negative way. Instead, they use their positive understanding of European identity which they associate with diversity and freedom of religion for Muslims. The respondents heavily criticize their own government for misunderstanding the concept as denoting ‘un-Muslim’, which leads to an oppression of practicing Muslims in Kosovo in light of the country’s attempt to ‘be European’.

"To nie my przekroczyliśmy granicę, to ona przecięła nas." Biopolityka europejskiego reżimu migracyjnego

Author(s): Lukasz Moll / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2016

This article reconceptualizes analytical tools suitable to theorizing the European migration regime by employing concepts developed by philosophers of biopolitics. By referring to border and migration studies, it diagnoses both the crisis of the traditional conceptualization of the border and the crisis of the post-Westphalian political order in Europe. Identifying the end of bordering practices as a result of the intertwining of sovereignty, territory, and population in the context of a neoliberal regime of capital accumulation, the article proposes to treat borders as productive apparatuses (dispositifs). While they support the desirable flows of people, they block the undesirable forms of circulation. In conclusion, the article argues that the co-existence of borderless spaces within the European Union with the arbitrary mechanisms of mobility control applied to non-EU migrants is impossible to maintain in the long run. Keeping the current status quo will result in the obliteration of the inside/outside division and a rupture in the strong link between borders and territory. In effect, the same apparatuses which aimed to make free mobility possible are becoming its main source of danger.

"Ойкистите" в релефите на стратези от Месамбрия

Author(s): Ivan Marazov / Language(s): Bulgarian,German / Issue: 1/2004

"Это утопия, это болото": жанры повествования о городе

Author(s): Varvara Kobyshcha / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Any researcher who works with local people in a small town soon finds a number of repeating topics, stories, symbols, characters, and attitudes. Together they create a generalized image that, to a greater or lesser degree, is shared by its inhabitants. In order to move beyond merely recording different forms of self-description and to use these data as instruments of explanation and comparative analysis, the author proposes a model for the genre analysis of such “local” narratives. This allows us to a) reveal links between the past (cultural memory), present (image), and future (expectations and scenarios) of a city; b) explain the cultural preconditions of observed collective and individual actions; and c) explain the specificity of the affective connection between citizens and their city. In the second part of the paper the author demonstrates some results of the application of this model, using two case studies: Myshkin (visited in 2013) and Kologriv (visited in 2010). The narratives of local inhabitants are structured according to the genres of ”progress” (development) and ”regress” (decay). The author is especially interested in how these genres constitute peculiar types of agency, as well as a repertoire of (im)possible actions.

(С)поделена природа? Природно наследство и местно развитие в един регион от българо-сръбското пограничие

Author(s): Ivaylo Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The article is focused on a border region between Bulgaria and Serbia which is geographically dominated by Ruy Mountain (whose ridge is the boundary between Bulgaria and Serbia) and the valley of Erma river forming two huge defiles along its way in this mountainous region – the Lomnishko defile (in Bulgaria) and the Poganovsko defile (in Serbia). The micro region (from natural and geographical point of view) shared until 1919 several cultural, social and economic characteristics (from an anthropological point of view), thus forming a common historical and geographical entity. The demarcation of the boundary between Bulgaria and Serbia as a result of the Treaty of Neuilly split the region between the two countries. The border regime, which was rigid and impermeable through the whole second half of the 20th century, made the zones on the both sides of the border well guarded, but industrially underdeveloped periphery. With the opening of the border in the period after 1989 and especially with the intensification of the European integration processes the character of the Bulgarian-Serbian border is undergoing changes and is gradually turning into a bridge for diverse trans-border initiatives. A great deal of these initiatives are connected with the well preserved ecology of the region, which is evaluated at present as a treasure by the local authorities and communities who believe it to be an important resource and instrument for the overcoming of the peripheral position of the region.

16. Yüzyılda Kırım'da Köle Ticareti

Author(s): Zübeyde Günes Yagci / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 8/2006

The Ottomans completely controlled the Black Sea trade including slave trade after the conquest of Constantinople. Up to the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire met its slave needs from the war captives and from frontier raids in the Balkans. However, the increasing military resistance in Europe against the Ottomans forced them to find out other ways to meet the demand for slave. Therefore, the Crimean Khanate took over this opportunity and began to export slaves to the Ottoman Empire. It was after this that the Crimean Tatars began to organise raids into Russia, Poland and Caucasus for slaves, and they filled the Ottoman and Egyptian slave markets.

1787-1792 Osmanlı-Rus Harplerinde Kılburun, Özi Nehri ve Hocabey Muharebeleri

Author(s): Cengiz Fedakar / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 46/2015

After Turco- Russian wars of 1768-1774, Crimea gained so-called independence from the Ottoman Empire. Because of a revolt that broke out in Crimea, Russia militarily intervened in 1782, then invaded the peninsula in 1783. The Ottoman Empire began military preparations to retrieve the first loss of Muslim territory, Crimea, and declared war on Russia. Kinburn Fortress given to Russia with the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarja 1774, was located right across Ocakov Fortress which belonged to the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman forces, first, planned to retrieve this fortress from Russia to provide the security in western Crimea, then start a military operation to Crimea in this direction. To this end an assault was made to Kinburn Peninsula, a close combat took place, but Ottoman forces could not capture the fortress because of the strong defence. This unsuccesful assault cost the Ottoman Empire a lot and Russia, strenthened by the situation, captured the Ocakov Fortress in a short time. These incidents, changed the course of war to the disadvantage of the Ottoman Empire. on the other hand violent clashes took place in Odessa, ochakov River and eastern Black Sea. The Ottoman Empire unable to achieve success had to end the war, which it ventured in order to reclaim Crimea, with Iaşi Treaty.

19. Yüzyılda Trabzon Limanı: Seferler, Tüccarlar, Mallar

Author(s): Yasemin Nemlioglu Koca / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 49/2016

One of the most important inner seas of world, the Black Sea reaches to Mediterranean Sea by Istanbul and the Çanakkale Straits; to the to the interior of Europe by the Danube, Dnieper and Dniester Rivers; to Asia by Caucasus. It connects sea and land trade in the shortest distance between Asia and Europe by its strategic and geographic location. Trabzon was the most important ports of the Black Sea and lived the brightest periods in when trade was condensed. Trabzon, a major transit port in the Ottoman Empire, has become a trade center to East by the 18th century with the opening of the Black Sea to international maritime trade and arrival of the foreign merchants. The East was to provide raw materials to the burgeoning industry in Europe by Trabzon-Erzurum-Tabriz Road. In 19th century, Trabzon became the busiest port of Black Sea in a very short time with the increasing volume of trade, opening embassies, the shipping agents and merchants. During this period, vinegar, wine, olives, soap, cotton, textiles, coffee, wheat, iron ore, fish, meat, fur and etc. were bought, sold and transported to other regions by non-Muslim, Turkish and foreign merchants. In this study, an attempt has been made to explain to merchants, campaigns, merchants, goods and commercial activities in the port of Trabzon in the 19th century by archive documents.

19. yy. Sonunda Rusya’nın Osmanlı Devleti Politikası ve Rusya Karadeniz Donanması Kaptanı Lev Brusilov’un Gözüyle Rusya’nın İstanbul Büyükelçisi A. İ. Nelidov

Author(s): Ihsan Çomak / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 47/2015

At the end of 19th. Century, Russia, in accordance with policy of Concert of Europe, was consulting her foreign policy towards the Ottoman Empire with European powers. But, as a result of distrust to England, Russia doubts about that England is planning to capture Bosphorus without consulting Russia. Nelidov, Russian ambassador in Istanbul, moving under the pressure of wories of British attack to Bosphorus, wrote many report to St. Petersburg in the last years of his mission (1895-1897) recommending to capture Boshporus before the Brtish do it. Lev Brusilov, a captain of russian flot, who has been in Istanbul at the end of 1897, left very important letter behind which give us valuable information about Nelidov’s character and his view of events. We can understand the psychology of Nelidov from these letters. Russia did not attack Bosphorus due emerging problems in the Far East. On the contrary, she began to follow policy of preservation Ottoman territorial unity in negotiation with :Austro-Hungary.

568 – A HISTORICAL DATE AND ITS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

Author(s): István Koncz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Written sources reveal that a political power shift and an excessive change of population took place in Pannonia in 568. Archaeological data suggest, however, coexsistence between communities different origins despite the community level realignment of society. The author would like to highlight some neglected examples that could provide details of vital importance for the topic and connect it to well known sites, all too often having complex and unclear interpretations. Continuity is analysed through the last phase of Langobard Period cemeteries, presuming that they were still in use during the last third of the 6th century, and through the early phase of Avar Period cemeteries, as their connection networks are the same: an intensive interaction with the western Merovingian and the Mediterranean world. This connection is evident in certain arte fact types (belts, weapons, brooches) and in attireas a whole as well.

9. BIENALNA KONFERENCA EVROPSKEGA ZDRUŽENJA OKOLJSKIH ZGODOVINARJEV: NATURES IN BETWEEN: ENVIRONMENTS IN AREAS OF CONTACT AMONG STATES, ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, CULTURES AND RELIGIONS

Author(s): Žiga Zwitter / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 13/2017

Place: Zagreb Date: 28. June - 1. July 2017

A Balaton vendégforgalmának fejlődése a két világháború között

Author(s): András Törzsök,István Galambos,Tibor Gonda,János Csapó / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 06/2017

The touristic utilisation of the greatest lake of Central Europe, of the Lake Balaton started from the middle of the 19th century getting a greater impulse in 1861 and in 1909 when the southern and northern railway lines were established. In Hungary at this time tourism exclusively meant hiking tourism so for the other branches of tourism they used another term (foreign traffic) until the recent decades. The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and within that the Hungarian Kingdom abounded in well-built thermal water spas with high standards of services to such an extent that parallel with them the spa resorts of Lake Balaton could not become the same level competitors at that time. The guest turnover of Lake Balaton was already measured by the Royal Hungarian Central Statistical Office, yet the analysis of the presented data is not simple, however, using an adequate methodology the development of the tourism of Lake Balaton can be well presented until the outbreak of World War II.

A BAR KOCHBA-FELKELÉS - A KUTATÁS FÉL-ÉVSZÁZADÁNAK EREDMÉNYEI ÉS KIHÍVÁSAI

Author(s): Tibor Grüll / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2008

According to a commonplace in scholarly literature it is unachievable to write the history of the Bar Kochba revolt. This paper does not attempt the impossible, it merely attempts to take into account the way in which our evidences, that came to light in the last half-century, repaint the traditional picture of the insurrection. The first five chapters discuss the antecedents of the revolt, i.e., the short and long-term consequences of the churban; the uprising under Trajan (the so-called “war of Quietus”); the administrative, economic and military situation of Judaea from 70 to 132 C.E., mainly on the basis of the Babatha-archive. The immediate cause of the Bar Kochba revolt is still debated, as both the foundation of Colonia Aelia Capitolina (ch. 5), and the ban on circumcision, introduced by Hadrian’s legislation (ch. 6), can be taken into account. It is not clear, however, whether these oppressive measures were taken before or after 132; in other words, whether they were causes or consequences of the war. The following chapter is dedicated to Bar Kochba’s messianic pretensions, which, among other things, can be verified with the strong halachic orientation of the papyri produced by the administration of the revolt (ch. 8). Ch. 9 examines the character and magnitude of the Roman military participation in the Bar Kochba revolt, as these are illuminated by the extant epigraphic material. The last chapter deals with the Jewish guerilla tactics and bases: the rebels’ hiding complexes that from the 1990’s have been explored in the territory of Judaea.

A BARADLA-BARLANG RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA

Author(s): Balázs Holl / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2007

The Baradla was the first cave to be examined archaeologically in Hungary, yet it is not fully documented still. We will attempt to construct the archaeological topography of the cave, collecting the data from previous studies and from our own survey. The data from the literature contains several misinterpretations according to our in situ examinations, because the authors has limited or incorrect information on the speleological circumstances. The cave is an important archaeological site compared to the sites on the surface, and other neighboring caves. The only archaeological site known on the surface is at the Aggtelek entrance, and the Domica and Ördög-lyuk (Čertova diera) are the known caves with archaeological finds. The Baradla Cave System is a hydrologically continuous unit from the Domica Cave in Slovakia to Jósvafő, but the archaeological site can only be associated with Aggtelek, because the Jósvafő entrance was opened only recently, and the connection with Domica is hardly passable, at same places only underwater connections exists. There is a clear logical connection to the neolithic site at the Domica, but these are separate sites – the distance is 2 km. The strong erosion of the karstic surface makes the archaeological sites in the caves more important – nothing is preserved on the surface. The finds are usually washed down to a cave, but that can not be considered an archaeological site in a cave. In the smaller caves the strata and other phenomena could be easily damaged because of an improper excavation. In the Baradla Cave the strata and other phenomena are intact on large areas. The cave is located at the Aggtelek karstic region. There are only temporary lakes and streams close to the Aggtelek entrance. Secular changes in the climate or the geomorphology (as filling up of the gullies) could result in different surface hydrological situations after a few centuries. This obviously affects the habitability of the region. We consider the water systems in the caves more stable.

A bologna piramis - A felsőoktatási menedzserizmus megjelenése európai és globális szinten

Author(s): Ildikó Hrubos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

Managerialism, which has appeared in parallel with the massification of higher education and with increases in financial difficulties, now has an international dimension in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). European organizations handling it (partly via the European Union, partly with EHEA jurisdiction) have been formed along with their administrative and academic-type governing boards; also, there are complex mechanisms for consulting with stakeholders. While the struggle between national governments and among autonomous institutions is a well-known phenomenon, transnational (European) organizations are now having to fight with autonomous member states, more precisely with members of a loose alliance (EFT).