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Die Judenschulden im Register des Prager Burggrafenamtes 1497-1500

Author(s): Anton Blaschka / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Welche Bedeutung den Juden als Geldgebern für die Kammern der Herrscher, somit also für die staatlichen Finanzen zukam, das ist hinreichend bekannt. Man ist sich auch klar darüber, dass selbst für das Privatleben der Adeligen und Bürger die Judenschaft eine schwerwiegende Rolle spielte. Wie sich nun im Einzelnen die geldschaffende Funktion der böhmischen Judenschaft gestaltete, das ist bisher für die Wende von Mittelalter und Neuzeit kaum allgemein bekannt. Für die Zeit des ausgehenden Mittelalters ist dies neben der Seltenheit einschlägiger Quellen noch darin begründet, dass die etwa vorhandenen Quellen und Bearbeitungen aus sprachlichen Gründen der deutschen Öffentlichkeit unbekannt geblieben sind.

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Корпоративно управление в развитие: България 2002-2004 г.

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The principles of the good corporate governance are not well-known in Bulgaria, probably because of the novelty of the topic, the specific characteristics of the Bulgarian shareholders and the companies, which became public in an administrative way through the mass privatization, as well as the underdevelopment of the capital market and the insignificant stock market participation of the public companies. However, the authors of the publication consider it would be wrong for the problems of corporate governance to be ignored because of the facts mentioned above. Without sound corporate governance the capital market will languish, the growth of new firms will remain difficult and many investment projects will not find financing. The publication “Corporate Governance in Development” reviews most of the latest major events, practices and problems, related to corporate control in Bulgaria during the period 2002 - 2004. The authors pinpoint the achievements and omissions in the legislative framework, the characteristics of the Bulgarian shareholders and corporate organization, as well as the relations between the members of the board of a company and the company itself, in order to show the necessity of social and responsible corporate governance.

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CSD-Report 05 - Bulgaria’s Capital Markets in the Context of EU Accession: A Status Report

Author(s): Stefan Petranov,Jeffrey Miller / Language(s): English

The objective of this report is to contribute to the discussion on the capital market reform in Bulgaria in preparation for eventual integration into the European Union. The report views the accession issue on two levels. The first one is whether the necessary capital market institutions and legislation are in place, while the second one is whether capital markets function in a manner that supports economic growth and development. The impetus for the development of the capital markets in Bulgaria was the first wave of the mass privatization program. This program was similar to the program implemented earlier in the Czech Republic. At the same time the Czech Republic is among the first countries in transition that has been invited to negotiate accession with the European Union. For these reasons it is useful to compare the process of capital market developments in both countries. However, it should be taken into consideration that because of the problems that have surfaced recently in the Czech capital markets, the Czech example does not necessarily furnish solutions to the problems that are likely to arise. A large number of the companies are listed on the Bulgarian Stock Exchange-Sofia, but in practice the majority of the smaller ones have not been traded at all. While the unadjusted market capitalization figure amounts to roughly 0 million, this includes all investment funds, holding companies and all shares in partially privatized state owned companies. The actual figure for shares not held by the Government and available for trading on the BSE-Sofia is probably closer to 5 million. This works out to 1 per participant in the mass privatization program, which is a little above one-month’s salary. The market also has very low levels of turnover. Turnover figures at the individual company level are available only for trades on the BSE-Sofia. Most company shares have been traded very few times since the stock market opened. Only eight companies have traded shares in more than half of the sessions for which they were registered.

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Financing the private firms in Bulgaria

Author(s): Stefan Ivanov / Language(s): English

The strengthening of the market forces in the economy of Bulgaria is related to the stability and development of the private initiative. Given the stagnation in the state-owned and municipal businesses the private sector is the only one, which is dynamic and provides prospects for future development of the national economy. It is much relied on to create a new economic environment, which makes it necessary to provide conditions for boosting its vitality and expansion...

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Гражданското общество в България: от социално предприемачество до завладяване от държавата

Author(s): Todor Yalamov,Maria Doichinova,Lyubomir Kutin / Language(s): Bulgarian

This publication analyses the changes in the third sector during the 2010 – 2013 period and at the same time outlines the positive practices in the social entrepreneurship as well as the risks that reduce the chances for nongovernmental organisations to effectively impact the democracy and well-being of Bulgaria.

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Строително предприемачество и недвижима собственост. Сборник с доклади от 30-та юбилейна международна научно-практическа конференция - ноември 2015

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian

The International Scientific and Practical Conference “Construction Entrepreneurship and Real Property” is held every year since 1985 by the Department of Economics and Management of Construction. The topic of the Conference „Construction Entrepreneurship and Real Property” has not changed since 2006, but the topics of the papers are up-to-date and comprehensive. The topic of the conference results from the special nature of the economic settings in Bulgaria and is largely predetermined by the continuing problems in banking, construction business and real estate management. The main focus is on the issues of economics and management of construction, urban planning and real properties.

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Innovation Management, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability (IMES 2018)

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The 6th International Conference Innovation Management, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability (IMES 2018) took place on May 31 – June 1, 2018 at the University of Economics, Prague. The conference was organised by the Department of Entrepreneurship of the University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic in cooperation with other partners. Sound keynote speakers – Roy Thurik (Erasmus University Rotterdam), Ute Stephan (Aston Business School), Michael Fritsch (Friedrich Schiller University Jena), Stefan Schaltegger (Leuphana University Lüneburg), Marina Dabič (University of Zagreb and Nottingham Trent University), Martin Srholec (CERGE-EI) and Jiří Hnilica (University of Economics, Prague), discussed the trends in the fields of innovation management, entrepreneurship and sustainability. The conference aimed to achieve academic excellence in a regional context and to establish a platform for mutual collaboration, exchange and dissemination of ideas among researchers and professionals. These conference proceedings contain contributions of the conference participants presented during both days of the conference. Authors of papers come from 30 countries all over the world, namely from Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, USA, Vietnam. All these contributions have successfully passed the doubleblind peer-review process.

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Finansowe instrumenty wsparcia polskiego biznesu za granicą

Author(s): Damian Wnukowski / Language(s): Polish

Wsparcie finansowe udzielane ze środków publicznych wpływa na wzrost konkurencyjności eksporterów i inwestorów. Dlatego finansowanie zagranicznej działalności rodzimego biznesu jest narzędziem rywalizacji państw na rynkach międzynarodowych. Aby wzmocnić szanse polskich firm na pozyskanie zagranicznych kontraktów, w systemie rządowego wsparcia należy zwiększyć nakłady finansowe, usprawnić już istniejące instrumenty, rozszerzyć ich rodzaje oraz spopularyzować je wśród przedsiębiorców.

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15. MEĐUNARODNI SIMPOZIJUM O KORPORATIVNOM UPRAVLJANJU

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

POSSIBILITY OF RAPID CHANGES IN SMALL ECONOMIES IN CONDITIONS OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

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Ekonomski imunitet na korona virus

Author(s): Jelena Žarković Rakić / Language(s): Serbian

Vlada je nedavno usvojila Uredbu o pomoći privatnom sektoru i novčanoj pomoći građanima kako bi se ublažile posledice koje će nastati usled pandemije korona virusa. Podrška privredi je slična merama koje su uvedene i u drugim zemljama: biće pokriven deo zarade zaposlenih, firmama će biti odložene poreske obaveze, a imaće i pristup povoljnim kreditima kako bi održale nivo likvidnosti. Javnost je uglavnom kritikovala ovaj paket u delu koji se odnosi na vreme isplate s obzirom na to da je prva pomoć predviđena tek za sredinu maja, što zaista može da bude kasno za mnoge firme. Nemačka i Švajcarska, na primer, pokazale su se kao veoma efikasne i već nekoliko dana nakon usvajanja mera za pomoć privredi novac je legao na račun mnogih preduzeća. Britanska vlada, s druge strane, najavila je da pomoć može da se očekuje tek za mesec dana od usvajanja mera.

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Dva pitanja

Author(s): Rodoljub Šabić / Language(s): Serbian

Vest da je preduzeće Beograd na vodi i u prošloj godini zabeležilo gubitak u poslovanju dobila je ovih dana znatan medijski publicitet. Sasvim logično jer je podatak da je Beograd na vodi zajedno sa svoja dva namenski formirana preduzeća BW Kula i BW Galerija zabeležio gubitak u ukupnom iznosu od oko 18 miliona evra u zaista ogromnom raskoraku sa svakodnevnim vestima o tome da svoje nekretnine prodaju po rekordnim, ne samo za naše prilike, izuzetno visokim cenama.

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Galerija Srbija

Author(s): Dejan Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Dva velika vlasnika tržnih centara u Sjedinjenim Državama su pred bankrotom. Razlog za njihov bankrot je jednostavan: trgovci već dugo, praktično od izbijanja zaraze virusom korona, ne plaćaju prostor uzet u najam u tim centrima. Dug trgovaca prema vlasnicima prostora dostigao je milijardu dolara. U poređenju sa Sjedinjenim Državama, Srbija, a pre svega Beograd, izgleda kao zemlja snova za tržne centre.

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Firm capabilities, export diversification, and crisis affectedness: A study of Polish exporters during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021

Author(s): Marian Gorynia,Piotr Trąpczyński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This chapter investigates the factors influencing a company’s vulnerability to economic crises, particularly focusing on the role of firm capabilities and export diversification. In light of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the study explores how these variables interact to shape a company’s resilience in the face of crisis. Design/methodology/approach: This study utilises primary data collected from Polish exporters in 2022, allowing for a retrospective analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact. Drawing on the resource-based view and firm internationalisation theories, the research formulates hypotheses concerning the relationships between firm capabilities (marketing and technological) and crisis affectedness, moderated by export diversification. Findings: Both marketing and technological capabilities have a negative impact on a company’s vulnerability to economic crises. However, this effect is more pronounced for companies with lower export diversification. In contrast, highly diversified exporters show reduced sensitivity to firm capabilities in mitigating crisis affectedness. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on Polish exporters in a post-transition economy, which may differ from firms in other economic contexts. Additionally, the research explores a specific crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its effects on export-oriented companies. Further research is needed to generalize these findings to other crises andregions. Practical implications: The findings suggest that companies should invest in marketing and technological capabilities to enhance resilience during crises, especially if they have a limited international diversification strategy. Highly diversified exporters may need to balance their focus on capabilities with broader market approaches. Originality and value: This research contributes to the understanding of how firm capabilities and export diversification interact to influence a company’s vulnerability to economic crises, with practical implications for exporters navigating turbulent times in a globalized world. The study sheds light on the complexities of resilience-building strategies in post-transition economies and underlines the importance of adaptability in international business.

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Finanse w erze radykalnej niepewności i wiedzy niedoskonałej

Author(s): Stanisław Flejterski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main goal of this chapter is to present the factors influencing broadly understood finance, both as a reality and the science of finance, which is part of the discipline of economics and finance. The global crises in 2007–2009 and 2020–2023 influenced various changes both in the real sphere, with geopolitics at the forefront, and in the intellectual sphere. Recent years have been a cumulation of several crises at the same time: pandemic, war, energy, climate, demographic, migration, inflation and financial crises. Methodology: Three categories are used for description and analysis: radical uncertainty, imperfect knowledge and resilience. Based on literature studies, the author shows the directions of the desired evolution of the science of finance. Findings: The existing traditional approaches require modifications and supplements. Future finance should be heterodox rather than orthodox and characterised by interdisciplinarity and contextuality.

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Polityka stóp procentowych NBP a stopy zwrotu z sWIG80 i WIG20 w latach 1995–2023

Author(s): Eryk Łon / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the chapter is to answer the question of whether the NBP interest rate policy has an influence on the rates of return on the sWIG80 and WIG20 indices. The chapter examines what rates of return on both stock exchange indices can be expected in periods of expansive and restrictive NBP monetary policy. Methodology: The chapter uses selected tools of quantitative methods as well as structure analysis tools, including the arithmetic mean and median. These methods make it possible to assess the connections between monetary variables and the situation on the Polish stock market in the segment of small and large companies. Findings: The chapter creates two investment strategies: playing on the increase of the stock index and playing on its decline. The former strategy is worth using in periods of expansive NBP monetary policy, whereas the latter in periods of restrictive NBP monetary policy.

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Metapersonalizacja finansów osobistych w Polsce

Author(s): Jan Krzysztof Solarz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to propose conceptual framework of personalisation in digital finance. Methodology: The author uses a comparative study of universalism and particularism in personal finance in Poland. Findings: The main factors of the generational difference are technology and financial innovation. They support particularism and critical experience. Studying personal finance through a generational lens is a highly insightful approach in Poland. Social media and big data enable practical use of metapersonalisation in personal finance in Poland.

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Podatek od deszczu w Polsce jako przykład podatku środowiskowego

Author(s): Maciej Szczepkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: This study presents the role of environmental taxes in the budgets of European Union countries based on Eurostat data available in August 2023. First of all, the chapter presents current areas of study that researchers are dealing with in the context of environmental taxes and fees in Poland and around the world. Next, the author discusses the main assumptions of the rain tax in accordance with the 2017 Act and the proposed changes in this respect, which have not yet entered into force. Methodology: The study is based on the analysis of the literature on the subject and the provisions of tax acts, supported by Eurostat data on environmental taxes and fees. Findings: Green tax reform is currently a promising economic tool in solving both environmental and social problems in many European Union countries and the world’s most developed economies. The experience of various countries shows that it can be a source of income, making up for missing public funds in the budget. One of such ideas in solving these problems is introducing modifications to the so-called rain tax. Systemic solutions regarding rainwater retention are undoubtedly necessary. However, taking into consideration the multi-billion costs of this type of investment and comparing them with the potential budget revenues from the rain tax, it is not significant enough to make a difference.

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Instytucjonalne paradoksy. Dlaczego dobre intencje dają złe efekty w skali państw i przedsiębiorstw i jak temu zaradzić?

Author(s): Jan Polowczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main goal of the chapter is to present the concept of institutional paradox. Innovations, hypercompetition and growing social demands create an increasingly dynamic and complex environment. In this situation, the paradox becomes an important concept facilitating the understanding and management of contemporary organisations. Traditional organisation theory assumes that science allows us to objectively discover the truth and formulate recommendations for politicians and managers. The concept of paradox assumes that knowledge and understanding arise from the confrontation of opposing but coexisting dynamic forces in social contexts. Paradox helps in accepting different views and supports tolerance for diversity. The chapter consists of four parts, which present: the concept of paradox, the institutional perspective, the paradoxes of macroeconomic development and the paradoxes of enterprise development.

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Instytucje w aspekcie koncepcji społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu

Author(s): Grażyna Wolska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An effective institutional system has a direct impact on the efficient functioning of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concept. It also helps reduce uncertainty and disruptions in the flow of information. The aim of the study is to prove that an efficient institutional system determines the optimization of the implementation of the CSR idea. There search methods used in the work are primarily critical literature studies, the hermeneutical method (striving to interpret texts in accordance with the intentions of their authors), logical and semantic analysis, conceptualisation (introducing and defining concepts), the principle of Occam’s razor (simplicity of argument, avoiding issues that are not necessary to solve the problem). The analyses carried out in the text show that effective institutions influence the level of implementation of the CSR idea and that the CSR concept then has a chance to be found not only in the sphere of intellectual disputes, but also in the sphere of interest of representatives of state institutions.

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Trends and Opportunities in the Construction Sector in Selected South-Eastern Europe's Countries

Author(s): Tatjana Ackovska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Southeastern Europe (SEE) constitutes a unique geographical sub-region of Europe. This region includes the Balkan countries, which are rich in cultural heritage, historical evolution, and geographical features. The countries in this region have varying stages of economic progress and development. Considering the variations and unique characteristics of the individual countries within the SEE group and whit purpose to provide a comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the construction sector, this paper focuses on the specificities, structure, development, and future trends in the construction markets of subset of nine SEE countries

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