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The innovative activity of national industrial enterprises is considered. The problems, which prevented to innovative activity, are discovered and ways concerning their removal are proposed
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This article recounts an important investment conference held by Greek government and industry after completion of a two year undersea hydrocarbons survey, designed to pump up investment in Greek energy.
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Electrical power systems in the European Union are undergoing fundamental changes driven by environmental and energy security concerns that make energy generation and energy demand face a challenge of decarburization that is becoming a priority both in the EU and worldwide. Significant decarburization goes hand in hand with recent technological developments that put a strong emphasis on the electrification of the transport and heat demand sectors through the introduction of new technologies, such as electric vehicles (EV) and electric heat pumps (EHP).This paper tackles the economic and policy implications of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the European Union (EU).The paper analyses the development of RES, their impact, as well as discusses their particular influence on the European electricity markets.
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Switching the angle of concern from the most usual one, our paper focuses rather on the “external” effects of the economic activities. It aims at reconsidering the useful effects of productive activities by applying specific reinterpretation of usual data, having in mind the general economic-social welfare. Methodologically, the indicators we propose for this purpose use simple ratios, logarithmic summaries and some simple summation, and certain completions, in an original approach. The analysis of the economic activity is proposed in terms of certain effects on the natural environment and on the economic and social environment, upstream and downstream of the studied activity (different than the effects on the economic entity itself), directly targeted. Other connections in the systemic environment are also concerned, suggestions for more applied researches being provided.The paper is a purely theoretical one, presenting just certain researches with their conceptual explanations and also with suggestions for future developments and for empirical applications. It brings interesting openings to the common productivity analysis. The formulas (serviceability ratios) in which the available existing indicators (data) can be included allow us to obtain meanings that are less or are not had in view, in the usual productivity calculations. By applying such proposals, interesting differences between the analysed economic entities can result; and also differences between the common productivity (in “internal” benefit, serviceable for the companies themselves) and the environmental effects (that concern just the “external” serviceability).
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The environment is a comprehensive category of the economic development which it should be managed at the level of several policies, including economic and trade policies. Therefore, this paper focuses on: economic and sustainable development according to the indicators Human Development Index (HDI) and Environmental Performance Index (EPI), measures of the economic policies that enable efficient waste management, as well as, the impact of the mass tourism, the growing number of population in cities and development of eco-tourism on the reduction pressures on the environmental
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abstrakt en: Energy clusters are a civil law agreement that can include natural and legal persons, research institutes and entities or local government units. According to the legislator, their purpose is: to produce and balance the demand, distribution or trade in energy within a distribution network with a rated voltage of less than 110 kV. The task of the clusters is to create self-sufficient energy circuits that would, however, have access to the network and could be powered externally, if necessary. In this sense, the clusters differ from the concept of the so-called energy islands, which are completely isolated from the publicly accessible network. The practical functioning of the clusters still requires further regulation. An analysis of the energy clusters should be based on the results of an expert opinion commissioned by the Ministry of Energy. As regards energy clusters, it is necessary to analyse the agreement between the entities wishing to create a cluster, which leads to the appointment of a coordinator. The clusters will help to reduce infrastructure development and balancing costs, capitalise on the entrepreneurial potential and available resources, and will facilitate the deployment of state-of-the-art technologies or new business models at the local level. The clusters should be developed as an integral part of the state power system. They aim at developing generations from renewable sources and modern technologies, and, above all, will help to create equal chances for regions. The clusters are an initiative of a local nature. Therefore, their basic objectives are based on local needs. At the same time, the realisation of basic local goals has a number of positive consequences, reaching far beyond the boundaries of a municipality.
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Obecna zależność krajów GCC (Rada Współpracy Państw Zatoki Perskiej) od paliw kopalnych i gazu ziemnego nie jest dobrą strategią pod względem ekonomicznym. Szybkie zużywanie się zasobów naturalnych stanowi realne zagrożenie ich bliskiego wyczerpania. Zagrożona jest również możliwość realizacji idei zrównoważonego rozwoju, która mówi: „Postępuj tak, aby zapewniając możliwość zaspokajania potrzeb obecnych pokoleń, nie zagrażać zdolności przyszłych pokoleń do zaspokajania ich własnych potrzeb”. Kraje GCC muszą rozważyć wykorzystanie energii odnawialnej, aby poradzić sobie z wahaniami cen ropy i gazu na rynku globalnym oraz w celu zmniejszenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono potencjał wykorzystania technologii odsalania do produkcji wody do nawadniania w krajach GCC.
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In its development, mankind has always had witted ideas. Such an idea can make you famous in both ways. Asking you to store electricity in gas storage is a top technical blunder, but finding solutions is just as risky as many people cannot understand you.
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The inventors, respectively the patented inventions, are one of the main drivers of scientific progress, which together with fundamental research and applied research determine the country’s economic and social modernization and development.
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Every year, the hospitality industry creates millions of tons of avoidable waste globally. While conspicuous consumption is the hallmark of the industry, leaders of the industry have come to the realization that it cannot go on forever. Added to that, the surge of eco-conscious guests and other pressure groups provide the industry players an increased level of impetus for introducing positive change in terms waste reduction and recycling. This paper addresses the current effort the hospitality industry is undertaking to reduce waste and recycle plastic goods and the challenges to be overcome in that process. To explain the contemporary practice, it brings in examples of hotels, resorts, and restaurants chains that are currently implementing recycling or reducing waste programs.
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The article presents an outlook for the development of electric cars in Poland until 2025. To that end, the situation in Poland will be compared to the situation in Norway. In many scientific papers, little attention was paid to the possibility of developing this technology in Poland because researchers focused mainly on technical issues. In order to determine the current and future situation, two tools will be used: Weight Attractiveness Scores and Three-tiers of Noncustomers. The analyses show that Polish policy is heading in the right direction. However, it is still not enough to become a leader, or a significant member, in implementing this technology, like Norway. Electric cars in Poland will grow at a very rapid pace, however, the dissemination of this product on Polish roads until 2025 is unlikely.electric vehicle
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The purpose of the paper is to present a comprehensive approach to safety issues in currentlyoperated and newly designed nuclear power plants. In the article, the principle of operation of NPPand the concept of “defense in depth”, whose aim is to minimize the risk of spreading radioactivenuclear fission reaction products, are presented. The causes, accident sequences and consequencesof selected failures of nuclear power plants, which most significantly contributed to the improvementof nuclear power safety, are described.The increase in the safety of nuclear reactors generally takes place through the developmentof tools and calculation codes, a diversity and multiplication of applied safety systems. In the paper,the principles of operation of selected safety systems and tools for a simulation of accident sequencesand consequences of failure of nuclear reactors are reviewed.Additionally, the paper presents the results of a simulation of the release of radioactive materialfrom the AP1000 nuclear reactor, located on the Polish seacoast. The obtained predicted impact onhuman health and mortality rates due to a cancer disease are compared with natural values occurringin the Pomeranian Voivodship.The conclusions are that nuclear power is the only source of electricity generation, in which thesafety issues were comprehensively solved: from a design level through the operation to its decommissioning.The calculations show that in the case of one of the most serious design accidents thatcould occur in the NPP, the rate of the cancer disease, caused by the release of radioactive material,is lower than the current one occurring in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
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Turkey, struggling with the problem of high current account deficit, is an energy dependent country due to lack of oil reserves. Therefore, the changes in energy prices do have impacts on balance of payments through import channel. Considering that energy imports constitutes the biggest share of current account deficit, it is expected that the rise in oil prices will increase the imports upwards. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causality relationship from Brent crude oil prices to energy import by using the monthly data in the period of 2006:08-2018:12. The unit root properties of the series are tested by using Fourier KPSS (2006) unit root test and the causality relationship between the series is investigated by employing Fourier Granger (2016) causality test. Both these tests take into account the impact of multiple structural breaks. The results indicate that there is a causality relationship from Brent crude oil prices to energy import in Turkey in the relevant period.
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Compressed air is a reliable source of energy that is widely used in industry and service sectors thanks to the ease and safety of production and processing. In most industrial facilities, compressed air is needed for many aspects of their operations. The nature of the respective production (industry), its scale and the structure of the technological equipment, the life cycle stage, make the task of optimizing pneumatic systems multivariate. In view of this, it is difficult to find a single solution for improving the energy efficiency of using compressed air. The present work aims at systematizing the main factors, the degree of their influence and the possibilities of saving of pneumatic energy. The analysis and evaluation were performed on the basis of quantitative indicators from leading industrial companies in Bulgaria.
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This paper focuses on the effect of used fillers on the strength characteristics of polymer concrete test bodies. The first chapter contains a brief summary of the theoretical knowledge from the given issue. The second chapter contains the materials, machines, tools and equipment used in the manufacturing polymer concrete test bodies. The third chapter describes the production of polymer concrete castings and contains precise ratios of materials in individual test bodies. The fourth chapter describes the destructive testing of test bodies and interprets the measured results. Chapter Five summarizes the findings learned.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pH, electrical conductivity, and nitrogen content in the soil of five cities in Yogyakarta Special Region considering the growth of tomato plants. This study was conducted using quantitative methods and observations on the growth of tomato plants. The results showed that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil nitrogen (N) elements originating from Yogyakarta were in accordance with the theory for tomato plant growth which were (5.380 ± 0.005), (284.0 ± 0.5) × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 mS/cm, and (264.680 ± 0.005) ppm, respectively. Based on these results, the growth of tomatoes planted using the soil samples from Yogyakarta in terms of plant height, leaf length, and leaf width was more optimal. However, the tomato plant stem diameter growths from the five soil samples are relatively the same about 0.38-0.30 cm.
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This study explores the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth in developing economies of Sub-Saharan Africa. To demonstrate its findings in detail, the research study adopts a panel data estimation technique for 23 African countries for the period from 1986 to 2015. The results describe that renewable energy has been playing an important role as a production input. Therefore, Sub- Saharan Africa countries need to adopt intensive promotion policies for renewable energy.
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This paper examines the dependence of the emission of greenhouse gases including CO2, N2O and CH4 on social, economic and demographic factors. Feature selection is used to identify the most influential parameters, and emissions are modeled using three regression techniques, including linear regression, principal component regression and partial least square regression. The models are evaluated for key implications.
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In recent years, it is observed that there have been collaborative structures in various sectors offering the same kind of service or product. These cooperative structures play an important role in creating cost advantage and increasing competitiveness as it is stated in the definition of clustering. In order to understand the advantageous structure of the region, the aim of this study is to determine the clustering levels of enterprises operating in the solar energy systems sector of the Western Mediterranean region. In the study, the existing structure and clustering levels of the enterprises in the sector were determined by using face to face survey method. The sample of this study, which was prepared by using survey method, consists of 44 enterprises operating in solar energy systems sector. Using the result of analysis, the clustering levels of the enterprises have been determined and these clustering levels have been compared. In the research, it has been concluded that the total cluster scores of the enterprises have been highly clustered in 28 enterprises and 16 enterprises have been clustered at medium level.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the results of the inefficiencies of the renewal funds, which were separated in the periods when the inflation rate increased, in the acquisition of new tangible assets. With various regulations in our tax legislation In-house investments have been encouraged. The renewal fund may be separated if the necessary conditions are fulfilled according to the Tax Procedure Law. In order to allocate the renewal fund, the renewal of the fixed asset must be required according to the nature of the business. Profit from the sale of property, plant and equipment in terms of accounting application, is recorded to "690. PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE PERRİOD " at the end of the period. The profit recorded for this account may be used to cover the renewal expenses of the newly acquired property, plant and equipment. For this reason, it can be recorded in "549. SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT" which is in the balance sheet of passive. Renewal Fund is the auxiliary account of this account. As stated in the 35. article of Turkish Accounting Standart; fixed asset sales income should be stated in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement. For the purpose of eliminating the impact of inflation on the financial statements of the enterprises, implementation should be ensured As a legal requirement or optional Turkey Accounting Standard TMS 2.
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