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TELEMETRIJA

Author(s): Aida Habul,Mirza Habul,Nermin Kuldija,Sabahudin Brkan,Dario Frimel / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2015

In this paper authors are offering insight of current technologies used for water supply in oldest waterworks Mošćanica and hydro-electric power plant Hrid. Telemetry, technology that provides remote measuring and feedback for system designers, that has been used for long time became obsolete creating problems that cause negative influence on mentioned facilities business. Authors will show influence and benfits from implementation cloud technology in «Waterworks and canalization». This paper is also providing information about telemetric system redesign, private cloud implementation benefits and cloud system requirements. Cloud technology definitly represents curent system improvement and implementing such technology could result in efficency increase of institutions such as Waterworks and canalization.

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Biogas production from the perspective of sustainable development

Author(s): Monika Pawlita-Posmyk,Małgorzata Wzorek / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (47)/2018

One of the basic aspects of sustainable development strategy involves investments in green technologies, including energy production from renewable sources. Biomass, special organic waste which belongs to “green sources” of energy can be used in the methane fermentation process of biogas production to generate heat and electricity. Biogas power plants have functioned in the Polish energy industry for many years now. On the basis of the data available from Central Statistical Office, in 2014 the ratio of biogas accounted for 7.6% of the structure of primary energy derived from renewable sources in the EU and 2.6% in Poland. An important consideration related to the production of biogas is associated with the applicability of waste resources derived from agricultural production and from the food industry, including pig slurry, slaughterhouse waste, brewing and distilling dregs as well as others. The operation of biogas plants provides considerable benefits to the environment, resulting from the controlled fermentation process and its application in the production of useful energy, as it can provide reduction of the emission of methane and other greenhouse gases. The aspects including the reduction of the volume of waste, environmental protection, fulfillment of the EU obligations and local energy security, form the reasons why communes in Poland should focus their attention on the use of biogas. This paper presents the results of SWOT analysis of biogas production in the context of sustainable development. The assessment of the aspects (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and the intensity of their impact were undertaken on the basis of a point scale developed by the authors. The analysis shows that the process demonstrates a number of strengths, which can promote the implementation of positive changes in the environmental and social aspects undertaken on a local scale.

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Structural equation modelling of users’ assessment of affordable housing in developing cities

Author(s): Babatunde Femi Akinyode,Musibau Omoakin JELILI,Olutayo O. ODUNOLA / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (47)/2018

This study investigated the users’ assessment of affordable housing in developing cities among the residents of Ibadan urban centre. Affordable housing entails users having access to quality housing at reasonable prices, obtaining it, maintaining the ability to meet other basic costs of living and to stay in it without any problem in order to promote good health, accessibility, convenience and environment that is free from crime and violence. The study developed a theoretical model that links users’ assessment to the affordable housing. Questionnaire was developed and administered to 494 residents in the five local government areas within Ibadan. The data was analysed using statistical packages SPSS and AMOS version 22. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis techniques were applied to evaluate the users’ assessment of affordable housing. The structural equation modelling as the validated measuring tools was employed to validate the theoretical model. The finding indicated that detailed examination, assessment and critical reflection of users on their affordable housing is an important step towards designing policies to improve affordable housing that is accessible to users. The authors are of the opinion that strategies through the employment of suitable housing policy are needed to address the challenge of existing affordable housing in developing cities.

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Climate Policy Evolution and Development of Carbon Finance

Author(s): Collins C. Ngwakwe / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

This paper presents an evaluation of the linkage between climate policy evolution and development of carbon finance. The paper is very necessary for climate risk governance and control since it highlights empirically the fundamental role of climate finance as a foremost tool of action by climate advocacy institutions to curb global climate change risks to promote sustainable economic development. The major objective of the paper was to examine whether climate policy affects the development of climate finance. The paper adopted a quantitative approach by using two different analysis namely the OLS linear regression model and the Granger Causality tests,at an alpha () of 0.05. Research data were from the World Bank Carbon Finance Unit and from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change archives. Results from the linear relationship analysis using the OLS indicated a positive and significant relationship between climate policy evolution and carbon finance development at a significance of P value less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Furthermore, using the Granger causality test,the analysis also proceeded to establish the causality between the two variables. Further findings thus showed a unidirectional causality, which is that climate finance has the tendency to galvanise impetus to effective climate policy. This paper thus provides pertinent information for institutions involved with climate finance and policy initiatives – to reposition climate finance as the crux that should precede climate policy to obviate policy setbacks. The paper recommends further study, which expands the time series observation to use more years and to re-evaluate the relationship for further policy information.

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Building Users’ Appraisal of Effective Fire Safety Management for Building Facilities in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions: A Pilot Study

Author(s): Ibrahim Yakubu Ebenehi,Sulzakimin Mohamed,Norliana Sarpin,Seow Ta Wee,Adejoh Ahmodu Adaji / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2018

Enormous investments had been made in Malaysian education sector of the economy especially in the higher education towards fulfilling a target of creating an attractive environment, conducive to learning and academic excellence. Building facilities account for a significant portion of investments in the sector. Since no building has immunity against fire, it has become imperative to research ways of ensuring the safety of built facilities and users from fire disaster. This research proposed a framework for effective fire safety management for buildings in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions. The report aims to display the results of the pilot study conducted among staff and students from selected universities in Johor Malaysia before carrying out the core survey to collect information from respondents. The pilot study sought to minimise errors in the questionnaire, makes the survey runs smoothly, facilitate the response rate, and provide a useful and valuable inquiry. The results include the descriptive statistics, reliability test, content and construct validity, and the normality test. The summary of the reliability test for each construct of the users’ questionnaire, are Management, 0.910; fire safety equipment/system, 0.907; building components safety design, 0.917. Furthermore, users’ awareness and knowledge of fire safety, 0.948; users’ attitude on fire safety, 0.885 and the effectiveness of fire safety management have a value 0.913 for Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. The aggregate Descriptive Statistics results for Users/Occupants Questionnaire show mean values between the ranges of 3.34 to 3.76. The questionnaire had low dispersion and standard deviation values of less than 1. The values of skewness and kurtosis were all within the recommended threshold of -/+2, an indication that all the constructs of the study were normally distributed. The results are a favourable indicator for proceeding with the core survey using the instrument.

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Inventory of Vegetation and Assessment of Carbon Storage Capacity towards a Low Carbon Campus: a Case Study of Universiti Tun Husein Onn Malaysia, Johor Malaysia

Author(s): Audu Yunusa,Alona Linatoc / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2018

Carbon dioxide, a vital greenhouse gas plays a key role in Earth's carbon cycle, a concentration above ambient temperature results in global warming. High CO2 emission in Universiti Tun Husein Onn Malaysia is due to an increase in a number of automobiles and other greenhouse gases released from building facilities and nearby industries. A study was carried out on 22 common trees planted within the campus on the estimated amount of CO2 sequestered. Estimation of carbon storage of trees was obtained through the assessments of standing biomass as well measurement of their photosynthetic capacity. Results indicated that Spathodea campanulata has the highest CO2 absorption (14.40 µmol/ m-2/s-1) followed by Acacia mangium (14.03 µmol/m-2/s-1), and Cananga odorata with (12.80 µmol m-2 s-1). Alstonia scholaris has the highest aboveground standing biomass accumulation of 106.94 kg, followed by Samanea saman (20.83 kg), and Acacia mangium (19.43 kg). The total biomass accumulated of all the tree species is 200.03 kg. Therefore, species of trees in Universiti Tun Husein Onn Malaysia main campus have the potential to absorb a significant amount of CO2 from the atmosphere thereby contributing to mitigating-the localized effects of global warming.

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Фармакопрофілактичні та фармакотерапевтичні підходи до послаблення пошкоджуючої дії іонізуючого опромінення: огляд інформаційних джерел

Author(s): Fedir Hladkykh / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 12/2018

The purpose of the article is to synthesize the scientific points of view on modern approaches to pharmacological correction of radiation damage. Conducting medical treatment, aimed at eliminating the negative effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and accelerating the recovery processes in an irradiated organism requires the mandatory use of anti-radiation agents. Today there is a reasonable division of all anti-radiation drugs into pharmacoprophylactic and pharmacotherapeutic. The means of preventing radiation damage include three classes of drugs – radioprotectors, radio modulators and radio modifiers. Special attention is paid to preparations of early pathogenetic therapy (radiomitigators) and the means of therapy of delayed effects of the radiation factor. The modern classification of the rather wide range of medicines with anti-radiation effects, which greatly complicates the holistic perception of their compartmentalization, taking into account their practical significance in specific scenarios of radiation damage, is compiled.

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF THE GERMAN PHOTOVOLTAIC SECTOR

Author(s): Patrick Rausch,Michał Suchanek / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Purpose – The world is undergoing a dramatic shift in climate conditions. A heated debate is on-going over what measures to take in order to overcome the global-warming-related temperature increase, now more than 2 degrees centigrade. The article tries to evaluate the contribution of the feed-in tariff (FIT) and the price of components for solar plants to the accumulation of new solar capacities in Germany, with the aim of determining the reasons for a drastic decline in the new capacities, observed since 2012.Methodology – An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) is used with the new PV Capacities as a dependent variable and component prices and feed-in-tariffs as independent variables. Data from the German Federal Network Agency is used. Findings – The statistical analysis shows a significant effect of component prices (in EUR per watt) and the value of the FIT (in EUR) on the New PV Capacities. As Germany has not reached the postulated yearly increase rate of New PV Capacities of 2500 MW since 2014 (EEG, 2017), new approaches are necessary to overcome this situation

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Evaluation of The Attainment of Environmental Goals in Sustainable Growth Regarding Gas Emission and Energy Consumption, as Defined for Poland in the Europe 2020 Strategy

Author(s): Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

In March 2010, the European Commission announced a 10-year strategic plan called ‘Europe 2020 – A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’. At the same time, the Polish author¬ities approved several strategic documents connected with the Lisbon Agenda and the new Europe 2020 Strategy, intended to support the development of RER and the reduction of emissions, mainly of greenhouse gases. The objective of this study has been to assess the indicators of sustainable growth for Poland against the backdrop of these indicators for the European Union. The analysis included indicators related to gas emission and energy consumption in the years 2004, 2010 and 2015. For each indicator, a so-called demonstration assessment value was calculated, which shows by what percentage the value of a given indicator achieved in Poland is better or worse than the average value of this indicator for the European Union member states The study showed positive changes in the individual indicators in 2004–2015.

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Scientific Hardships in the Approach of the Quantum Phenomena

Author(s): Cătălin Silviu Nuțu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The paper is showing the strange facts and realities pertaining to the quantum world and is explaining why it is so difficult to understand and to work with them. The paper is also stressing the important fact, that in order to understand these strange realities pertaining to the quantum phenomena, one should give up the traditional way of thinking of the science and should also renounce the false idea of the rationalism, that the reality can be known and understood only by scientific reasoning according to the limited present stage of science and knowledge.

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TÜRKİYE'DEKİ POTANSİYEL RÜZGÂR ENERJİ YOĞUNLUĞUNUN YENİDEN TANIMLANMASI

Author(s): Hıdır SERKENDİZ,Hasan TATLI,Beyhan ÖZTÜRK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Special/2018

The energy demand in the world is increasing day by day. In particular, meetthe energy needs of developing countries such as Turkey requests the various alternative sources. Knowing the geographical distribution of wind-energy potential, an eco-friendly source, clean and not-based on fossil fuels, is of great importance in guiding the investors in this sector. In this study, the potential wind-energy density by Weibull approach over Turkey is investigated. The data set of daily wind speeds were selected in the interval of 1975-2015. The maps of potential wind-power density were redrawn using the ArcGIS 10.4-Geographic Information Systems (GIS) program with the data obtained those obtained from the calculations. The occurrence of the statistics in the values of wind-power density suggests the usefulness for better renewable energy predictability. The frequencies of potential wind-power density reveal climatological wind-energy patterns for long-term periods; this is related to long-term memory or persistence. From a climatic point of view, areas with high levels of potential wind energy density have been found to be recommended as sensitive areas to solve the problem of future risks of the required energy.

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VODNI RESURSI U ODRŽIVOM RAZVOJU

Author(s): Omer Mahmutović,Anisa Sivac / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 18/2018

Increased criticism to the concept of development only through GDP and its negative consequences (environmental degradation) led to a new concept of development - sustainable development, which protects the environment and promotes social equality. Sustainable development means meeting the needs without compromising the future generations to meet their needs. Three are the main aspects of sustainable development: environmental protection; economic growth; social equality. The degree of achieving of sustainable development largely depends on the availability of water resources, because they are essential for life, human development and economic activity. Since the eighties of the twentieth century, along with the concept of sustainable development, the need for introducing sustainable water management has begun in developed countries. The European Union has first joined a new era of water policy that establishes an integrated approach to water resource management. The main objective is to ensure good hydrological, chemical and ecological status of waters. Today, integral water management is an integral part of sustainable use of water, which is particularly highlighted in the EU Water Directives. Integrated Water Resources Management is a process that promotes a coordinated approach to management of water, land and other resources, without compromising the sustainability of the ecosystems. The management ultimately means measures of efficient water use, water recycling, elimination of losses, financial motivation for water saving, use of new sources, investment in education, science and information systems for monitoring and forecasting. Sustainable water management is based on the principle that water is an integral part of an ecosystem and it is natural, social and economical resource.

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Internalizing Environmental Externalities in Cement Industry: Case Study for the Republic of Serbia and Selected Neighboring Countries

Author(s): Snežana Radukić,Dušan Perović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The paper provided detailed analysis and calculations of external costs in cement industry of the Republic of Serbia and neighboring countries for period of 2010- 2016. Internalization of externalities represents a huge challenge for every policy maker in environmental area that has the obligation to calculate the impact of economy on the environment. In fact, many parts of economy have far greater impact on environment than it can be expected and that is one of the reasons for including external costs in total costs of companies. Cement industry is among industries that emit pollutant particles in the air and cause serious environmental problems to local communities. The principal idea of paper is to evaluate external costs of cement production plants in Republic of Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, so in the end rightful solutions can be provided in order to neutralize or minimize environmental impact of cement factories. For this kind of analysis, EcoSense LE (Light Edition) software was used. Analysis of external costs in cement industry will help in expansion of knowledge about internalizing environmental externalities in analyzed countries, where lack of similar studies does not help in solving the problem of environmental externalities in these countries.

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ИНОВАЦИИ ПРИ МАТЕРИАЛИТЕ ЗА ПРОИЗВОДСТВО НА LED

Author(s): Daniela MAREVA / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Светодиодното (LED) осветление се утвърди сред останалите „класи- чески“ технологии. Динамичното развитие на светодиодното осветление и бързото му навлизане във все повече области на бита и индустрията е пряко свързано с раз- работката и производството на необходимата елементна база. Към добре извест- ните предимства на LED спрямо лампи с по-малка консумация на електроенергия и по-дълъг експлоатационен срок се прибавя многократно по-малкото количество вредни емисии от СО2, отделяни за производство на необходимата електроенергия.

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НОВИ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В LED ПРОИЗВОДСТВОТО

Author(s): Daniela MAREVA / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Светодиодното (LED) осветление се утвърди сред останалите „класически“ технологии. Динамичното развитие на светодиодното осветление и бързото му навлизане във все повече области на бита и индустрията е пряко свързано с разра- ботката и производството на необходимата елементна база.

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СЪВРЕМЕННИ МЕТОДИ ЗА ИНЖЕНЕРИНГОВИ РЕШЕНИЯ В СГРАДНИ ЕНЕРГИЙНИ СИСТЕМИ

Author(s): Radoslav Simionov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The distribution of electricity is one of the most important things in the energy sector. The increasing number of buildings, the development of the industry and the increase in the number of electrical equipment lead to an increase in electricity consumption. Current power transformers are currently used for power distribution. They are reliable and cheap. The reasons for searching for modern methods of electrical distribution are the harmful emissions from transformer oils, the harmful emissions from the resins used in dry transformers, the electromagnetic radiation and the space required for the transformer location and the necessary protective equipment. This article explores power electronic transformers designed to replace a conventional power transformer to reduce emissions, reduce electromagnetic emissions and position in smaller buildings.

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ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА ПЕРОВСКИТА В СЛЪНЧЕВАТА ЕНЕРГЕТИКА

Author(s): Eldar Zaerov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article describes a relatively new material for solar energy - perovskite. There is a description of its physical properties, and the developments in this industry are given by both Russian and foreign scientists. The paper conducted a comparative analysis of the solar cell materials by efficiency.

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Investigation of Cyclobenzaprine Interactions with P450 Cytochromes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 through Molecular Docking Tools

Author(s): Douglas Vieira Thomaz,Edson Silvio Batista Rodrigues,Fábio Bahls Machado,Isaac Yves Lopes de Macedo / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

Cyclobenzaprine (CBP) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant whose myriad of therapeutic applications imply the need of better understanding its pharmacokinetics and thermodynamics. Henceforth, this work was concerned with an in silico investigation of CBP main metabolizers in the human organism, namely CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. For this purpose, computational methods were employed, such as molecular docking and other semi-empirical approaches. Results evidenced that the model herein depicted for CBP-CYP1A2 may not reproducibly represent the physiological interaction between CBP and this enzyme. Moreover, CBP-CYP3A4 docking results evidence thermodynamic feasibility of the molecular docking model and were further corroborated by literature, what may reproducibly represent a possible interaction between CBP and this macromolecule.

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Енергетичні характеристики композитних біопалив на основі лушпиння соняшнику

Author(s): Yevhen Sklyarenko,Leonid Vorobiov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 03/2019

The paper considers the prospect of using renewable energy sources in the country’s fuel balance. An important source of energy is biomass, which is characterized by renewability, accessibility, versatility, minimal impact on the environment, transportation, accumulation and storage. At the same time, biomass has a number of disadvantages: a heterogeneous structure with a broad fractional composition, with low bulk density and energy density, and high initial humidity, and often ash content. To improve the thermal characteristics and to increase the energy efficiency of using biomass, it is subjected to physical, biochemical or thermochemical conversion. An effective way to improve the thermal characteristics of the original biomass is to compress it in a mixture with other combustible materials, for example, organic waste from agriculture, oil refining, coal, paper industry, which allows, in particular, to solve environmental problems as well.An estimation of the possibility of using organic waste from livestock and poultry farming in a composition with waste biomass of vegetable origin is conducted. The results of calorimetric studies of the calorific value of samples of such composite fuel, based on husk of sunflower seeds are presented.Based on experimental research and calculations, empirical formulas were proposed to calculate the combustion heat of composite fuel, containing a mixture of sunflower husk, sludge, irrigation, chicken droppings and manure.The dependence of the heat of combustion of composite fuel, produced from the waste of the biomass from agricultural production on humidity has been researched. Since briquetted fuel from such wastes has a significant hygroscopicity, it is recommended to provide appropriate conditions for its storage. It is concluded that during the long-term storage of poultry and livestock waste there may be biochemical processes that change the heat of combustion, indicating the need to take into account the terms and conditions of storage of the source components.It is concluded that composite fuel from biomass waste from agricultural production can be a significant component of the country’s fuel balance, saving traditional fossil fuel. In addition, the disposal of these wastes contributes to the reduction of environmental pollution.

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Production of Ceiling Board from Piliostigma thonningii using Styrofoam Adhesive as Binder

Author(s): Ibrahim Shuaibu Muhammad,Usman Aliyu El–Nafaty,Surajudeen Abdulsalam / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2019

The use of synthetic fibres resulted in environmental degradation and the growing interests towards the utilisation of readily available agricultural fibres as a potential replacement for synthetic fibres. This research aims to produce a ceiling board composite from piliostigma thonningii particulate using styrofoam adhesive binder. The board was produced from the readily available materials leading to the low cost of production. The composition has a formulation of fibre/binder mixing ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:2 w:w), pressures of (100, 300, 500 kg/m2) and temperatures of (30, 65, 100 °C) respectively. The process was successfully modelled and optimized using a Box–Behnken design method. The optimal conditions for the piliostigma thonningii board were found to be fibre/binder mixing ratio of 1:1 w:w, pressure of 500 kg/m2 and temperature of 92 °C yielded response values of density (151.5 kg/m3), water absorption (9.04 %), tensile strength (16.9 N/m2), thermal conductivity (0.11 W/mK). Hence the board has greater insulating properties and good potential to be used as a ceiling board.

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