We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The problem of naming tradition in cross-cultural situations, caused by extensions of international matrimonies, is quite a new phenomenon. Earlier, it was prohibited due to cultural norms, cultural patterns, which controlled everything. It makes us realize, that our life, thanks to the process of globalization, is full of borderline’s phenomena, which become not an exception, but a rule, because the clash of cultures is happening every second and makes us to think comprehensively. We endeavour to rethink all notions about the world and reality, this leads us in turn to use interdisciplinary methods, and bring together knowledge from different fields - in the case of this article, from linguistics, anthropology and philosophy. To observe the name, the anthroponym as a cultural code, people build up new ways of communication, overcoming their customs, traditions, national cultures for finding a path to the Other, and establishing meaningful relationships. That’s the only one guarantee for saving our world.
More...
Most African societies operate a patriarchal system of male headship and female submission in social relations and marriage. This means male headship and women submission are both cultural and religious values within African society. Since these values define the position and role of sexes within African societies, they also present challenges to the gender equality championed by modernity. This paper attempts to show how some cultural and religious values in Africa contribute to the problem of gender inequality. This paper maintains that these values should be critically assessed, and those found to be inimical to the well-being and holistic development of society, be discarded. In such a way, African culture and values can have their relevance established and sustained in order to give credence to authentic African identity. The paper adopts a philosophical method of critical analysis and exposition.
More...
Poverty is one of the most important problems of the world, Romania being one of the EU member states that still confronts with a high level of it, many people having an inacceptable standard of living. In this respect, this article aims to capture the different facets of this complex and actual phenomenon, providing a perspective of what it is, how is measured and what represents poverty in Romania. There is a division of the development regions in terms of poverty indicators but also in perceptions that highlights some inequalities regarding opportunities and resources. In fact, inequality is the quintessence of poverty. Regions and countries with high levels of inequality have also high levels of poverty and people at risk of poverty are facing multiple disadvantages like unemployment, low income, poor housing, inadequate health, low access to education, economic, social and cultural activities.
More...
Our purpose is to unfold a logical analysis of the Romanian transition since 1989. Both the processes of macro-social changes and of individual decision making are followed in their connection with the universal human values, and at the same time with the national landmark values, within an integrating vision. The damaging manner of the institutional decision making and action, no less that of individuals – on the ground of cognitive, psychological, sociological, axiological reasons – are obvious causes for the long term evolution of the people of Romania in its movement from totalitarianism toward democracy. Such a context makes us to focus upon the great significance of the improvement of human quality as a national priority. Our approach underlies the necessity of education in the frame of a national programme representing even a categorical imperative for Romanian transition to overcoming the illogical manifestations of a sick education system we had to face in the past 29 years.
More...
The study is grounded on an extended research project, concerning the trends in recovery and transmission of cultural memory of women living in rural Romania, reinvention of the peasant identities being discussed both in terms of socialist and post-communist transformations. The second part of the research address the mechanisms for production and transmission of gender memory within Romanian plain villages, with a peculiar focus on the complex interdependencies arose nowadays amid landownership, social identity and women’s autonomy. By narrowing the research frame to a study case disclosing a complex historical legacy, it is intended to highlight the influences exerted by culture in reconstructing the discourses upon identity of several generations of women, living or returning on rural grounds.
More...
The Sierra Leonean Civil War (1991 – 2002) war was brutal and dastardly on both sides. It left an untold hardship and humiliation on all the segments of society. Oftentimes, society views wars as men’s affair. In Sierra Leone, the war had its horrendous effects on women - wives, mothers, breadwinners and concubines to the soldiers. Sexual slavery, forced marriages and rape were consequences of the war as over 257,000 women were sexually assaulted by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF). Rape as an aspect of genocide was used by the soldiers to impregnate women in order to weaken and eliminate the opposing side. The victims faced with physical and psychological trauma and social ostracism. Using the qualitative method of historical inquiry applied to extant primary and secondary sources such as official documents, newspapers and magazine articles, this paper analyses the experiences of women in Sierra Leone civil war and interrogates how these experiences tampered with the pristine life and existence of the women. The paper will also make extrapolations from theories on gender-based violence to elucidate on the relationship between gender roles in civil conflicts.
More...
The swift advances in information and communication technology and multiple social media platforms, has had a dramatic impact on democracy today. However, regulating the spread of fake news have been problematic, thereby making political leaders to engage in political spinning. This study seeks to examine the impacts of social media on electioneering campaign in Nigeria’s 2019 general elections. This study revealed that social media like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube has facilitated the direct political interactions between political aspirants and voters during the Nigeria’s 2019 general elections. Social media encourages the speedy dissemination of information to large audience within a short time. Also, this study further revealed that social media remain unregulated and many newsfeeds or stories emanating from it are unreliable as many “fake news” have emanated from it during the Nigeria’s 2019 general elections. Therefore, this study suggests that despite the advantages of the social media on electioneering campaign in the Nigeria’s 2019 general elections, most newsfeeds from the social media should be verified through fact-checkers (like Full Fact and First Draft) in order to prevent misleading information that are detrimental to human society.
More...
International trade is an old economic practice among the nations of the world. It is difficult to say when it actually began or which country started it. One thing is however certain about its history: it began when the desire to trade off the surplus goods of the nations began. Evidences abound of trade relations between the nations of the ancient worlds-ancient Africa, ancient Pacific world and ancient Europe, even before the discovery of America. It was those trade relations that opened the way for wars and for empires to rise and fall, especially among the European nations. The contradictions of those wars gave rise to a new dawn, and questions of the necessities of wars and how to stop their occurrences began. War torn Europe reasoned that since wars were products of trade by inhibitions, wars will cease if those inhibitions or barriers were removed, and the nations were allowed the freedom to trade with one another on a competitive level ground. Globalization is a product of that policy of free trade without barriers, a creation of the advantages of international trade to the nations. This paper will consider that globalization in its true perspective as a policy of those historic antecedents.
More...
Learning to be sociable - essential to the human beings in their becoming - has always needed a more appropriate setting of manifestation. Leibnitz affirmed that there are not two identical leaves on the surface of the earth, thus suggesting the infinite diversity of human nature. If one starts only from this premise, it is easy to imagine how complicated and difficult is the mutual effort of the members of a human collectivity to define, for the first time, the axiology they will lay at the foundation of the future construct of society in which they will be living. The achievement of the rule of law, that is the reign of the rule of justice - as the highest expression of legal and social values - represents the eternal desideratum of the doctrine of the philosophy of law and of social philosophy.
More...
Plato, one of the most popular names in philosophy mostly known by his book “The Republic” written around 375 B.C deals with Justice, Power, State, Education, division of labor, mental balance/just, knowledge and Art etc. Plato noted that leaders are natural servants of the city state and its citizens; political power is natural and cultivated through education; power is not heritable rather assumed by merit; men and women can assume political power; knowledge is basic to assume power; leaders shall only assume political power with no attachment to any material beings like Gold and silver, no private property and private life rather living communally. The legitimacy to lead the city state emanates not from the public rather from nature and education. Philosopher kings, rulers of the republic, unlike the mass who are ignorant, having only opinions and thoughts about the material and imperfect world can go beyond the sensible world of objects and can access the transcendental world through reason/ the intellect and know what is perfect and best to the city state and its people, thus, legitimate to lead the state.
More...
This paper is a review of Samuel A. Bassey's article and coinage of ‘Anthropoholism’ which he argued is an authentic tool for environmental sustenance and Management. My goal in this paper is to raise arguments and thereafter seek clarification on what according to Bassey is Anthropoholism and why he considers such as the most suitable ethical principle which he argues addresses the myriads of environmental concerns such as desertification, endangered species, global warming, greenhouse effects as well as other forms of environmental exploitation which have left our environment in a pitiable state with its boomerang effect on Humans as a constitutive part of the environment. I argued that the concept of Anthropoholism is so promising, however, it is not error-proof as it has its inherent lacuna. In this work I employ the methods of skeptico-critical analysis and complementary fusion.
More...
The problem associated with Afrocentric or African orientated approach to an understanding of religious and biblical texts is a cause for concern among many philosophers of religion. There is the stance and perception that the Bible and biblical scholarship has been biased by a mainly Eurocentric and ‘white’ view of biblical history. This paper join the calls from numerous critics and scholars for a more adjusted and reasonable comprehension of the pertinence of the African impact and its centrality in present day Christian religious philosophy. This paper shows that an in-depth analysis of Biblical text will show that one cannot diminish the importance of the African region and people in the Bible without also diminishing and distorting a truthful and comprehensive view of the Bible. The result of this present examination shows that there have been attempts to limit and even hinder the Afrocentric affiliations and interpretations in Biblical content. This infers a more comprehensive and multicultural approach is required in Biblical investigation and interpretations.
More...
The article in three parts is an attempt at an exposition of the nature and means of realizing truth from the Gandhian perspective. Part one deals with the Gandhian conception of Truth as God, the Eternal Principle that includes the principles of conduct like brahmacarya, celibacy, and truth in thought, word and deed. Part two comprises the exposition of brahmacarya, anāsaktiyoga and satyāgraha adopted by Gandhi as the important means of realizing the Truth. And in part three it is pointed out that in spite of his relentless search after the Truth, what Gandhi could have were only its fleeting glimpses. In conclusion, it is held that Gandhi could not have the full glimpse of the Truth probably because the means he followed were not only inadequate and preliminary, but also misplaced.
More...
After the unification of Transylvania with Romania and the creation of Great Romania, the country made efforts to maintain peace and, at the same time, to defend the eastern and western borders. During the Paris peace conference, Prime Minister Brătianu conflicted with the allies because of the problem regarding the rights granted to minorities, and therefore to the Jews, a minority that had, in the past, in 1878, been the subject of a similar conflict. Article 61 of the peace treaty with Austria gave the minorities a special status, unlike the Romanians, which dissatisfied the prime minister who advocated for similar citizenship rights and equality for all the inhabitants of Romania. At the same time, by accepting that condition, it would have given the Great Powers the opportunity to mix in the country's internal affairs; therefore, Romania's independence and suzerainty were directly concerned.
More...
The romanticization, Europeanization and Americanization of the African mindset have not helped Africans especially Nigeria to rapidly advance technologically and scientifically as the African continent still sees itself like a slave to the Western countries. This paper seeks to argue that the relationship between Africa and the west intends to benefit the west completely without a corresponding measure of benefits to the African people. This contention is evidenced in the application of western methodology in attempting a solution and resolution of the African challenges. The Igbo notion Ahamefula is derived from two words “Aham” and “Efula” which means “my name will not be lost or my identity will not be lost” These are words used to connote the identity (Ejirimara) of a person, family a community or a nation. Ahamefula is founded on the logic of unity and identity which stand as hallmark for determining and discovering the weight and potentials of any given individual, family, community and nation. It is argued in this paper that leadership that is anchored on internal mechanism of local circumstance with full conviction and adoption of native ideology will lead the Nigerian State to an enviable political, social, scientific, religious and economic heights.
More...
Poverty reduction strategies and policies have gained considerable popularity in recent policy discourse and international economic relations. Studying poverty reduction program of the countries is very crucial in order to apprehend or amend the policies and strategies if there is a problem. The Overall objective of this paper is to make a general overview and assessment of the sustainable development and poverty reduction strategy of Ethiopia. Finally it tries to make a conclusion remarks and some recommendations on the preparation and implementation of the sustainable development and poverty reduction document of Ethiopia.
More...
This research examines if there is any relationship between restricted maternal right and infant death in Rimin Gado. The town consist of 14 wards which were all selected, houses were combined into a continuous list and systematic sampling technique was used, with a sampling ratio of 1:2 (an interval of every second house). 511 women respondents were drawn on the basis of availability. The target population were married women who must have given birth at least once. The units of analysis were married women, married men, Wanzamai and traditional birth attendants. The research was anchored on social action theory. The research’s critical variable is maternal right. The type of data collected were both quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative. Simple frequency, percentage table cross tabulation and correlation in SPSS version 16.0 were used to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that there is no direct link between maternal right and infant deaths.
More...
Over two decade now that Nigeria return to democratic rule, women representation especially as it affects law making process have been generally low at various levels of governance across the country. Though, the Nigerian government have ratified and adopted various women empowerment framework that will enhance women participation and representation in governance. Today, despite these efforts women have remained under represented at the level of law making that is critical in enacting laws that will promote women political participation. Therefore, this study seeks to provide policy options in line with global best practices for achieving greater women representation in the law making processes in Nigeria. The data for this study were collected from various qualitative and quantitative secondary sources such as text books, journal articles, internet materials and reports amongst others. Besides, the data were analyzed using tables, bar charts as well as content analysis. This study argues that increasing women representation in law making process in Nigeria is critical in achieving gender equality in Nigeria. Therefore, this study recommend amongst other things that adoption of thirtyfive national affirmative action in elective and appointive position in the National and State House of Assemblies in line with global practice and should be legalized in Nigeria.
More...
The purpose of this article is to shed light on the peculiarities of using personal pronouns as expressions of cultural information in the communicative act and as special markers of individualization and selfidentification. The methodological basis of the study is the activity approach, in which culture is interpreted as a holistic system of different forms of human activity, i.e. culture connects society with the individual; it is a way of its entry into social life, a way of existence of a social group in interaction with nature, other social groups, which covers in particular, ethno-cultural stereotypes. The study of language, reflecting universal and ethno-specific ways of categorizing and conceptualizing the world, the history and modern existence of its speakers, is one of the most effective ways of studying cultural phenomena. The basis of the research strategy was the cultural-semiotic method, the method of semanticdifferential scales and the systematic approach. Therefore, studying the phenomena of culture and the phenomena of language in the linguistic-cultural paradigm will help to deepen the understanding of the mental code of Ukrainians. The semantics and pragmatics of personal pronouns in a communicative act at the linguistic-mental level is a fragment of the Ukrainian linguistic picture of the world. The use of personal pronouns as special markers of individualization and self-identification is conditioned by the mental identity of Ukrainians and is one of the many elements of the identity code of ethnos information that depends on the specifics of the national world perception.
More...