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Поетическият език и унгарската поезия от XX век
In this chapter the topic is for the Hungarian poetry and its development reviewed from its place in Hungarian language from 20th century.
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In this chapter the topic is for the Hungarian poetry and its development reviewed from its place in Hungarian language from 20th century.
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This article is about the reforms in Hungarian prose in the late seventies up to the late eighties. The author is reviewing the critic towards the prose genre and the denial of its independence as a genre.
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As a point of departure I present the psychoanalytic interpretive strategies used to address late-Victorian, or fin-de-siecle, Gothic fictions. These strategies see in the fictions expression of the numerous anxieties that troubled Victorian at the turn of the nineteenth century. Also, one of the second-wave Gothic’s representatives, Arthur Machen’s “The Great God Pan” can be read as a fictional expression of those anxieties. The approach I propose in the main body of the article consists in seeing in Machen’s story a realisation of a new type of the sublime, called here the weird sublime. I show how Machen engages the ideas of the modern metropolis (London), the femme fatale, and of the occult to construct this type of sublimity. In particular, attention is drawn to the way in which the female element becomes fused, via the intercession of the pagan deity, with the city.
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Antonioni’s “Blow-Up”, released in late 1966, is usually taken, on the one hand, to represent (celebratingly and scandalously) the youth culture of Swinging London and, on the other, the problems of (tenuous) relation between reality and its representation (the main protagonist thinks he discovers a murder by analysing photographs he has taken). Although most critics have attempted to link these two levels by means of some existential metaphor (most often: the main protagonist who represents the image-crazed youth of Swinging London encounters its biggest taboo, death, which is unrepresentable to boot), the paper proposes a more literal and political interpretation arguing that the abstraction of blurry grain of silver halide into which the image of the corpse finally dissolves in a series of photographic blow-ups is a way of representing something which also cannot have a proper image: the all-pervasive but no longer perceptible lowkey everyday violence which constitutes the propelling force of the supposedly emancipated “swinging” lifestyle.
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The aims of this article are twofold. First, it explores some key elements and themes of “street lit”—a movement in contemporary, predominantly African-American fiction that takes place within the urban underwold, describing gang and ghetto life. The commercial success of street lit leads me to reconsider some common approaches to the study of subcultures, underclass, and “alternative communities” within cultural studies. Specifically, I wish to address two major claims which often tend to go together in cultural studies. One of them, which I ascribe to Marcuse, Hebdige, Hall, and others, is the glorification of gangs, subcultures or the underclass as possessing a revolutionary political potential that can challenge the capitalist economical system and lead to social change. The other tendency is what I see as excessive textualisation of the phenomena studied within cultural studies, which results in understanding them either as reinforcing or subverting established cultural codes. I argue that to understand the aforementioned groups as either reinforcing or subverting the dominant economical system is to make a fallacy of excessive textualisation, and that their activities can never fall easily into either category. In the end, the combination of both approaches makes the study of alternative communities and their potential severely flawed.
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Everyone is aware of the fact that ignorance and the lack of proper knowledge are our worst enemies in every field of life. Therefore, it will not be an exaggeration to say that they are the cause of the most undesired results in the process of communication.The present paper shows how the language competence not followed by the knowledge of cultural background and context may lead to gaffes or misunderstandings at best, and even to offences and conflicts at worst. Its main goal is to outline the complex connection between family and caste in particular, or broadly speaking – community and religion in India, and to show the specificity of their influence on Hindi, the most widely known language of the Indian subcontinent. The paper describes all the most important factors which are crucial to the Indian concept of “face.” They also present grammatical and lexical measures and politeness strategies with the use of which Hindi speaking people deal within the multilevel socio-cultural relations and are able to coexist with each other more or less peacefully. Finally, the nuances one should take into account while making conversation with Hindi-speaking partner are mentioned.
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The objective of the paper is to establish the motivation behind the lexical divergences between otherwise surprisingly uniform late-fourteenth-century Middle English Wycliffite Psalters and observe how it affects the etymological make-up of the texts. For this purpose the paper analyses the nominal layer of the first fifty Psalms and tries to assign each case of divergence between the texts to one of four groups of probable causes, both intra- and extratextual, prompting the variation, while juxtaposing these nominal lexical items with the corresponding data from two earlier 14th-century Psalters – Richard Rolle’s rendition and the “Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter”.
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The paper makes a short overview of the parchment fragments kept in the library of Zograf monastery on mount Athos. Then it throws attention to the oldest of them, Zograf folia, and characterizes some ot its paleographic and linguistic features. The paper further hypotesize that there are close parallels in orthography between Zograf folia, Old Russian manuscripts like Izbornik from 1073, Izbornik from 1076 and Menaion of Dobrian and the Athonite manuscripts from 13th-14th centuries. The review of these parallels concludes with information on electronically published new edition of Zograf fragments.
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The article deals with some of the theoretical problems, related to the future catalogue description of the manuscripts of Zograf monastery on Mount Athos. Taking the Psalter manuscripts as a starting point, the author discusses terminological and analytical issues of the cataloguing. The second part of the text puts up specific problems, concerning three of the library’s “jewels”. Ms. 59, the so-called Psalter of Radomir, still hides unsolved liturgical calendar puzzles. Ms. 79, the Psalter of Avram Dimitrievich, one of the few Bulgarian manuscripts with chrysography, is notable not only for this fact, but also because its illumination forms a secondary semiotic system, revealing liturgical and theological topics. In addition, Ms. 104 contains fragments from a Psalter, that might be connected with the period of church flourishing in Moldavia under the rule of prince Stephen the Great, Ștefan cel Mare, or even with the prince himself.
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The article examines three manuscripts from the library of Zograf monastery – № 317, № 381 and № 400. All three manuscripts contain The Akathist Hymn to the Theotokos. The main purpose of the article is to present a comparison of the three texts and to define their belonging to one of the recensions, described by M. Momina – recension 31, whose emergence and spreading refers to the time between the 17th and 19th centuries.
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In this study on Angel Karaliichev literary critic Simeon Soultanov wrote that, in order to illustrate his idea of literature that elevates our souls, Emilian Stanev first listed the names of Vazov and Yovkov, and then added the names of Elin Pelin and Angel Karaliichev. "But what does Bilgarian writes mean?" the critic asks and answers: "the more pottery, baggy trousers and woolly caps there were, the more customs were reproduced, the more a writer was one of the people... Maybe, the aspect of the people lives particularly in the Bulgarian national character, too, has different aspects. Numerous faces." (Султанов: 1987:269). In his three stories published in 'Makedonia' newspaper, Karaliichev drew the painting of the multifaceted life of the exiled Macedonian Bulgarians. Defiled and tortured, denigrated and divided, Macedonia eternally remained of the highest standing in Bulgarian hearts.
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The text is related to the consideration of the anecdote in the Balkans, more specifically with the subject of nationalism, the "own" and the "alien" in the relations between Balkan people. The text itself is a rife with varied anecdotes in the capacity of the quintessence of political, public and everyday Balkan life in all its variety.
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PL: Tekst zawiera wnioski z projektu badawczego Konstrukcja przestrzeni miejskiej z perspektywy hybryd «Rower-Człowiek» w ich codziennych trasach poprzez Wiedeń. Trzy studia przypadku (oryg. Die Konstruktion des städtischen Raums durch die Sichtweisen von hybriden „Fahrrad-Mensch-Einheiten“ auf ihren alltäglichen Wegen durch Wien Drei Fallbeispiele), przeprowadzonym w 2011/2012 roku. Projekt oparty był na koncepcji prakseologicznej Jean-Pierre'a Warniera oraz teorii aktora-sieci. Człowiek i rower poprzez wspólne doświadczenie motoryczne tworzą specyficzną hybrydyczną jedność, zwaną dalej „człowiek-rower”. Konstrukcja przestrzeni miejskiej oraz percepcja rzeczywistości z perspektywy tej jednostki zasadniczo różnią się od doświadczeń innych podmiotów. EN: The article contains the conclusions from the research project Design of Public Space From the Hybrid Perspective of the “Man-Bicycle” in Their Daily Routes Through Vienna. Three Case Studies (orig. Die Konstruktion des städtischen Raums durch die Sichtweisen von Hybriden “Fahrrad-Mensch-Einheiten” auf Ihren alltäglichen Wegen Fallbeispiele Drei durch Wien), carried out in 2011–2012. The project was based on the praxiological concepts of Jean-Pierre Warnier and actor-network theory. Through the shared experience of a hybrid motor, man and bicycle form a special hybrid unity, hereinafter referred to as “man-bicycle”. The construction of urban space and the perception of reality from the perspective of this being are fundamentally different from those of other beings.
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PL: Tekst omawia, wykorzystując figury roweru i rowerzystki, historię emancypacji kobiet w kontekście europejskim (i północnoamerykańskim). Autorka analizuje użycie roweru w konstruowaniu narracji feministycznych i dotyczących emancypacji kobiet, począwszy od XIX wieku i skończywszy na czasach współczesnych. Analizy dotyczą zarówno kontekstu językoznawczego (dwuznaczność słowa ‘pojazd’, użycia roweru w polszczyźnie), jak i społeczno-kulturowego (rowery w cytatach z ikon feminizmu, S.B. Anthony i G. Steinem, wiersz Cyklistka A. Oppmana, satyryczne wizualizacje rowerzystek, antyemancypacyjne i antyrównościowe opory wobec jazdy kobiet na rowerze). EN: The article uses the figure of the bicycle and the female cyclist to discuss the history of women’s emancipation in its European (and North American) context. The author analyzes the use of the bicycle in constructing feminist narratives concerning the emancipation of women, from the nineteenth century to modern times. This analysis concerns both the linguistic context (the ambiguity of the word ‘vehicle’, the use of ‘bicycle’ in the Polish language), and socio-cultural ones (bicycles in the quotations of feminist icons S. B. Anthony and G. Stein, A. Oppman’s poem “Woman Cyclist”, satirical visualizations of women cyclists, and anti-emancipatory and anti-equality resistance to women riding bicycles).
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The U.S. poet Allen Ginsberg flew to Prague for the first time on 18 February 1965, from Cuba. Despite turning up in Czechoslovakia completely unplanned, he made a very deep impression.
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Oklijevalo kakvo jesam, navadno u strijepnji pred javan nastup, polustoljetnoj “profi ” – rutini unatoč, vazda dvojim oko začimanja, pa se, i sad, utječem drevnoj (klasičnoj) uputi kako je najprimjerenije što prozborit – in medias… Dakako, zazvan horizonat očekivanja pûtī na latinštinu – in medias res, što hoće reći eda je, vazda, ma kakav nagovor valjáno začimati na alkarsku: “usridu”, i to: bez “pripetavanja”…
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Defining the subtle shades of nostalgia in the works of writers in exile, the author of the article discusses the category of venerable poetry by Florian Śmieja in the broad context (inter alia, of works by Adam Zagajewski, Czesław Miłosz, Zofia Bohdanowiczowa or Tadeusz Śliwiak). Employing the example of two poems, titled Ziemie utracone [The Lost Lands] and Spóźniona arka [The Late Ark], he shows the rescuing power of “sublime yearning” in the works of the poet, who has lived in Canada for many years.
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A common theme of Zambrzycka’s poems is the problem of bidding farewell, leaving, deserting. The authoress of the article has made the repeated forms of expression as well as the imagery indicating these borderline experiences the focal points of her text. The motifs present in the poems centre around the following issues and topics: the recurrence of portraits of relatives preserved in the memory of the lyrical “I”, the role of objects in the process of remembering, and the function of voice and silence in experiencing one’s absence.
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Výchova a vzdelávanie sa vždy považovalo za základ formovania národnej kultúry. Korene vzdelávania v slovenskom jazyku môžeme nájsť už v 17. storočí, kedy na územie dnešného Slovenska prenikajú myšlienky a vplyvy diela zakladateľa modernej pedagogiky Jana Ámosa Komenského. Nevyhnutnosť vzdelávať všetkých a v prvých rokoch v materinskom jazyku vyslovil prešovský filozof a pedagóg Ján Bayer, ktorý vytvoril syntézu názorov Komenského a filozofa Francisa Bacona. Podľa neho „hodnota človeka nespočíva predsa len v intelekte, ale aj vo vôli a iných duševných spôsobilostiach a viacerých iných duševných kvalitách“.656 Ako konrektor a neskôr rektor premenil prešovskú mestskú školu na lýceum a presadzoval tu tzv. instauratio magna, teda veľkú premenu pedagogiky v súlade s Komenského dôrazom na názornosť a praktickosť vyučovania.
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Umelecká literatúra, a z nej predovšetkým próza, zvykne odrážať spoločenské problémy, atmosféru, spoločenský diskurz, individuálne túžby človeka a ďalšie témy, pre ktoré tvorí neopakovateľné zrkadlo spoločnosti i jednotlivca a súčasne nezastupiteľný historický prameň s veľkou výpovednou hodnotou. Klasické písomné pramene inštitucionálneho pôvodu svojou selektívnosťou (autorskou, ale i zo strany uchovávajúcej inštitúcie) obyčajne nestačia na zodpovedanie mnohých otázok. Pramene súkromného charakteru sú zase zväčša ťažko dostupné alebo úplne absentujú. Literárne pramene majú preto legitímny charakter a vhodne dopĺňajú vyššie uvedené typy najčastejšie využívaných pramenných zdrojov. Jednou z oblastí, kde zohrávajú nezastupiteľnú úlohu, je kreovanie a formovanie historickej pamäti, resp. kanonizovanie interpretácie historických udalostí.
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