Recepcja obecności Instytutów Konfucjusza w wybranych krajach Afryki Zachodniej

Author(s): Malwina Bakalarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

The article presents current problems related to the Chinese cultural and educational activity in West Africa, developed since 2008 through Confucius Institutes. First part focuses on theoretical framework of concepts soft power and cultural diplomacy as tools of the Chinese foreign policyin West African states. Then, background and aims of establishment of Confucius Institutes wereexplained in a global, and regional, sub-Saharan context. Second part describes three main typesof reactions of Africans for Confucius Institutes in West Africa. Apart from the general tendencies,described in the literature, author refers to fi rst-hand statements of Nigerian students and lecturers from the local branches of the Confucius Institute. In the final remarks, common features of Confucianismand African values with contribute to „sino-optimistic” attitude where highlighted. They result in enthusiastic reception of the educational/propaganda offer of the Confucius Institutes inAfrica.

Mbi origjinën e idesë së emancipimit në kulturën perëndimore

Author(s): Blerim Latifi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 3/2014

Termi “emancipim” vjen nga fjalët latine “ex-manus-capere” dhe etimologjikisht nënkupton procesin gjatë të cilit dikush del (ex) nga duart (manus) apo kontrolli i dikujt tjetër (capere). Në të drejtën romake emancipimi paraqet procesin juridik kur fëmija pavarësohet apo del nga kontrolli (mancipium) i babait (manceps).

Alternativat e liberalizmit

Author(s): Dritan Dragusha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 5/2015

Atëherë kur të gjithë po prisnin fundin e nacionalizmit dhe të ideologjive të ndryshme radikale, vizioneve konservative të ndërtuara mbi premisa lokaliste/tradicionale, paradoksalisht, filloi shfaqja e sërishme e impulseve radikale pothuajse kudo në botë.

Katoni i republikës irreale

Author(s): Ibrahim Berisha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 6/2015

Montesquieu në veprën 'Mbi frymën e ligjeve' (Montesquieu, 2000:18) duke iu referuar demokracisë athinase, në kontekstin e shoqërisë që e dëshironte të ndryshuar, me pushtete të ndara, me demokracinë republikane, vlerëson se populli është monark në disa drejtime dhe në disa tjera vetëm shtetas i thjeshtë.

Providence and Democracy

Author(s): Harvey C. Mansfield / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

O povaze argumentu a argumentace

Author(s): Miroslav Čaňo / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/1997

The article explores the nature of arguments and argumentation within legal theory and practice. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the true meaning of "argument" and "argumentation" to ensure reliable legal conclusions. The paper delves into the logical analysis of arguments, distinguishing between genuine arguments and mere assertions. It also examines the historical and philosophical roots of these terms, highlighting their varied applications in different contexts. The study underscores the role of rhetoric in legal argumentation, tracing its origins to classical figures like Cicero. Additionally, it discusses the practical and theoretical dimensions of argumentation, including its use in legal reasoning and decision-making. The article concludes by stressing the need for precise definitions and applications of arguments to enhance the credibility of legal judgments.

Paweł Rojek’s Tropy i uniwersalia – review

Author(s): Jakub Węgrecki / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2021

Актуалност и модалност: Енергетичната метафизика на Вацов

Author(s): Alexander Kanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article reconstructs and critically discusses the energetic metaphysics of Dimitar Vatsov, which may be regarded as an important event in the philosophical life in Bulgaria. The article consists of two parts. The first part situates Vatsov's project in the context of the contemporary development of metaphysics and presents the evolution and logic of its realization, emphasizing the central ideas of actuality, energy, and codification. The second part presents a series of critical observations on the realization of the project, related to conceptual ambiguities and problematic theoretical moves. It is argued that the modal aspects of energetic metaphysics need conceptual clarification and theoretical justification. The article also aims to provoke a broader discussion on the state and future of metaphysical research in Bulgarian philosophy.

„Песента на Желанието (Кама)“: Ако срещнеш Кама, не го убивай

Author(s): Milena Bratoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The present article examines two narratives from the epic Mahābhārata (MBh), focused on the topic of desire (kāma) and the relationship erotic – ascetic (kāma – tapas). The first one is about the horned ascetic Ṛṣyaśṛṅga (MBh, 3); the second – about the teaching of God Kṛṣṇa Vāsudeva to the king Yudhiṣṭhira, culminating in the "Song of Kāma" (MBh, 14). Both narratives are interpreted in the perspective of Hindu ethics, whose foundation is dharma, a key concept of Hinduism. The epics propagate an ideal dharmic code of conduct, based on the so-called four life goals – puruṣārtha. One of these four life goals is kāma – the realm of desires, emotions and sensual pleasures.

The Use of Aristotle’s Philosophy in Anthony Radyvylovsky’s Sermons

Author(s): Volodymyr Spivak / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2023

In this paper, at the example of Anthony Radyvylovskyi creation, we examine the impact of Aristotle’s works on the philosophical component of Ukrainian church sermons from the Baroque period. The culturological approach and methods of hermeneutics and comparative analysis were used in the research. The source base of this article was the texts of the Ukrainian preacher Anthony Radyvylovsky, who worked in the Baroque era. Separate texts of Aristotle were used for comparative analysis. The objective of this study is to investigate the usage specialties of the Aristotle’s texts by Anthony Radyvylovskyi in his own writing. The result should help to better understand the ideological influence of ancient philosophy on the formation of national philosophical tradition of the Baroque epoch. The ideological content of borrowed from Aristotle’s texts and mechanisms are traced to the use by the preacher. The list of Aristotle’s texts from which Radyvylovskyi quoted is provided. It is also shown that Radyvylovskyi uses the authority of Aristotle during moral teachings and philosophical thinking about the characteristics of human nature. The conclusion about the creative way of using the Aristotle’s ideas by Anthony Radyvylovskyi is given and significant philosophical component in the preacher’s written legacy is noted.

Andrzej Fuliński as a representative of the concept of philosophy in science

Author(s): Kamil Trombik / Language(s): English Issue: 75/2023

This paper analyzes selected issues related to the philosophy of the Krakow physicist Andrzej Fuliński. Since the 1970s, Fuliński has been strongly associated with the interdisciplinary milieu gathered around Heller and Życiński. His activity can therefore be considered within the context of the broader phenomenon known as the Krakow School of Philosophy in Science, which was founded by Heller and Życiński. This paper proposes the thesis that Fuliński’s style of philosophy is connected with the concept of philosophy in science and tries to justify the thesis that Fuliński, due to his cooperation with the interdisciplinary milieu in Krakow and the specificity of his philosophical works, deserves to be regarded as a representative of the Krakow School of Philosophy in Science.

Контрадикције српског просветитељства: Аутономија и једноумље

Author(s): Lazar Atanasković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 39/2023

This paper approaches concepts of earning, singlemindedness, and nation as characteristics of the epoch of Serbian enlightenment at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. The specificity of these notions is outlined through their comparison with the notions of autonomy, antagonism, and cosmopolitism as characteristics of Western European and German enlightenment. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the selected concepts in their social and political context. Such a reading results in an outline of a conceptual framework defining later disputes in the Serbian enlightenment disputes converging with the opposition between authority and autonomy, antagonism and unity and cosmopolitism and nation.

Lametrijevo antropičko rezonovanje

Author(s): Goran Rujević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 39/2023

Julien Offray de La Mettrie is considered a representative philosopher of materialism and hedonism in the Age of Enlightenment. His seminal work Man a Machine bears many hallmarks of the Enlightenment: faith in ratinality and progress, turning away from traditional figures of authority and towards the authority of natural sciences, and placing great value in the individual and self-improvement. Certain paragraphs of the work, however, contain claims that seemingly advocate that one ought to remain wholly ignorant when it comes to questions pertaining to reasons for man's existence. This appears to contradict the usual intelectual optimism of the Enlightenment. However, if we read these paragraphs through the lens of contemporary anthropic reasoning, it shows that this is just La Mettrie's attempt to counter certain theistic arguments, and fully in the spirit of the Enlightenment.

Ruso, Kant i kritika prosvećenosti

Author(s): Đorđe Hristov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 39/2023

In this paper, we examine Rousseau’s and Kant’s understanding of enlightenment through the lens of the idea of “unsociable sociability”, with the aim of showing that Rousseau’s critique of Enlightenment offers a different idea of courage from the one advocated by Kant in his essay What is Enlightenment?. In the first part of the paper, we explore Kant's idea of “unsociable sociability”, which he understands as a mechanism that leads to enlightenment and intellectual independence, demonstrating that the roots of this idea can be found in Rousseau's philosophical history of humanity. In the next step, we show how Rousseau argues against the idea of progress that Kant locates in “unsociable sociability”. Finally, based on these analyses, we show that Rousseau criticized Enlightenment and knowledge from the perspective of republican freedom, which, according to him, requires a different form of relationship between society and unsociability, and thus an alternative understanding of courage from that contained in Kant’s appeal “Sapere aude!”.

Мислиоци преврата

Author(s): Dragan Prole / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 40/2023

Вступительное слово

Author(s): Garris Rogonyan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

Нативизм, Трансцендентализм и Феноменология: Еще раз о не-расположении источника опыта в мире

Author(s): Diana GASPARYAN / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

Nativism as a theory that interprets certain abilities and ideas as innate [The contexts we will consider prefer to speak precisely of innateness in the sense of New European philosophical discussions and avoid the notion of “a priori”/“a posteriori”, respectively, and we will stick to this terminological pair.], is considered by some contemporary philosophers as an echo of outdated philosophical approaches. Critics for the most part reproach it for being unscientific and metaphysical. In one of its most extreme forms, nativism is accused of mysticism and lack of evidence. At the same time, a number of very authoritative thinkers openly call themselves nativists and defend this trend in philosophy, cognitive sciences, linguistics and other fields of knowledge (Chomsky, McGinn, Lawrence and Margolis). The main aim of this paper is to analyse the contemporary polemic between empiricists and nativists. It will be shown that the main polemical knot around which the debate unfolds can be easily untied through a transcendentalist interpretation of nativism. In particular, an appeal to phenomenology can help to notice the importance of the idea of the non-essentiality of the source of experience to experience. Phenomenology, which preserves the idea of this non-essentiality, has in mind a radical break with the ontology of natural objects, and will not, in particular, deduce innate knowledge from evolutionary mechanisms, nor will it place it within the biological structure of organisms (e.g., the brain or the neural processes in it). It remains to be shown that most of the positions and refutations of modern nativism are based on a misunderstanding of the classical“ overcoming” of the dispute between empiricism and rationalism by transcendentalism and transcendental phenomenology, as well as the requirement of transcendentalism and transcendental phenomenology not to place the source of experience in the same world in which we locate experience itself. The study is to consider what the modern nativist view must look like in its transcendentalist interpretation in order to be a worthy opponent to modern empiricism.

Unum – verum – bonum v Komenského metafyzických spisech v komparaci s cestou k obrazu Trojice v Augustinove díle De civitate dei a pohybem existence u Jana Patočky

Author(s): Zuzana Svobodová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The paper compares Comenius’ usage of the terms unum, verum and bonum in his metaphysical writings both with the expression of the image of the Trinity in De civitate dei by Aurelius Augustinus and with the concept of existence as three basic movements in the philosophical work of Jan Patocka. The purpose of the text is to show, despite the differences in historical periods, language and life experience, the possible similarity or connection of the vision that Augustine, Comenius and Patocka mediate in their works.

Josef Zverina a teologie agapé

Author(s): Zuzana Svobodová,Andrea Blaščíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2023

The Czech Christian Academy and the Czech Society for Catholic Theology are commemorating the priest, teacher, theologian, and philosopher of art, Josef Zvěřina (1913–1990). Prayers, memorial services, studies of his work, and shared memories culminated in a conference titled "Josef Zvěřina and the Theology of Agape" on September 8, 2023, in collaboration with the Jabok Higher Vocational School. Participants included not only contemporaries and graduates of living theology courses from the Czech Republic, Moravia, and Slovakia but also representatives of theologians, historians, literary scholars, and many public enthusiasts. The conference featured friends and former students of Zvěřina who highlighted his life paths, aspirations, and the charm of his personality. After the opening by Senator Pavel Fischer, theologian Mireia Ryšková presented the first expert contribution, emphasizing Zvěřina as a versatile and authentic person devoted to God, the Church, art, sports, and the sea. Historian Jan Stříbrný praised Zvěřina’s civic engagement and spiritual service during critical historical moments. Personal testimonies from Zvěřina’s students revealed the profound impact of his teaching on their lives. The conference included contributions from younger historians and theologians who presented their studies on Zvěřina's theological and artistic work, concluding with the release of two books featuring Zvěřina’s letters, marking a significant moment for the development of agape theology.

Bude raz možné vidieť Boha telesným zrakom? Filozoficko-teologická analýza Augustínovej Kázne 277

Author(s): Róbert Horka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

Alongside his works, St. Augustine‘s sermons are often a valuable source of insight into the ways of thinking of this great thinker. We have therefore chosen to analyze his Sermon 277. Although we published a Slovak translation of it not long ago, we are only now approaching its evaluation. Our aim is to show how, on the basis of his interpretation of the biblical testimonies, he attempted to deal with the question of the possibility of seeing God in general, and specifically with the possibility of seeing God with bodily sight, whether in the corruptible body or in the glorified body of the future. In this sermon Augustine presents himself as an original thinker, and an analysis of it allows us not only to see the final product of his thought, which he subsequently presents in his works On Seeing God and The City of God, but also to see Augustine seeking the starting points and possible lines of further development of his thought on this matter. Therefore, an analysis of St. Augustine‘s homilies proves to be an invaluable aid in understanding his way of thinking in the future as well.