Some Comments on the Open Society Politological Issue (from Popper to Soros and Back)

Author(s): Daniel Dobiáš,Soňa Dobiášová / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The concept of open society is among possible projective alternatives that is related to the search for an acceptable arrangement of social and political structures of society, while largely reflecting the fundamental uncertainty of reality. The primary goal of this paper is in an endeavour to place the key political, philosophical and partly historical parameters of the concept of open society in the arena of contemporary political theory and practice, the analysis of strengths and risks of an open society concept in terms of its potential content, taking into account the cross/section of individual differentiated interests with circumstances, systemic pressures or ideological prejudices and making precise recommendations for a full-fledged implementation of an empirically verifiable form of coexistence, superior to any potential and/or existing totalitarian alternatives. Especially, we have outlined general framework of the concept of open society and the transformation of theoretical parameters of an open society into a political intention (system) in K. R. Popper and G. Soros theory of open society and the philosophy of critical rationalism.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ НОВОЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ДУМКИ ЄЖИ ГЕДРОЙЦЯ: ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНИЙ РЕКОНСТРУКТ

Author(s): Maria Komova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

The purpose of the article is the reproduction of documentary sources of the concept of Jе. Gedroits' new political thought. Research methodology is based on the tools of the method of documentary reconstruction and general scientific methods: logical analysis, synthesis, grouping and systematization, system approach. The application of analytical-synthetic, logical methods enabled to form an integral scientific concept based on scattered in retrospective documentary sources. The scientific novelty of the work is the use of the method of documentary reconstruction to reproduce the concept of new political thought by Jе. Gedroits. Conclusions. Documentary reconstruction confirms that in the conception of Jе. Gedroits' new political thought the Ukrainian component has a particularly important position, because it contains geopolitical, security, historical and political, territorial, and cultural aspects.

Refleksje i uwagi do książki Tomasza Chłopeckiego, „Myśl polityczna i prawna obozu rządzącego w Polsce w latach 1935–1939. Państwo — prawo — gospodarka”

Author(s): Marek Sioma / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2019

The problems related to the political thought of Piłsudkiites — called the ruling camp by Tomasz Chłopecki — had already been a subject of numerous studies. The literature on the subject in ample and generally accessible. The author of the reviewed book decided to supplement the existent analyses of the political and legal thought in the subperiod 1935–1939, which — although significant for the interwar history — had been analyzed less extensively. I regard the choice of the subject legitimate and the analysis itself important, although not free from defects, mistakes and errors. Having read the book, I cannot fully support the author’s conclusions. The goal and the intention are one thing, and the execution another. As regards the latter, I wish to make two general remarks. Firstly, the factual sphere does not raise objections, although some substantial mistakes I had found should not have made it through the publishing process. Secondly, the interpretational scope with reference to the political and legal thought does raise objections, which I demonstrate in an extensive polemic review. Moreover, in my opinion, the book is confined strictly to one discipline: history.

Spór o filozoficzne źródła politycznej teorii wojny Carla von Clausewitza. W kręgu interpretacji współczesnych

Author(s): Damian Winczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2019

The aim of this article was to discuss basic concepts of Clausewitz philosophy of war. At first, I wanted to present and criticize some older interpretations of philosophical assumptions which founded theoretical schema of On war. In the next part, I presented some recent interpretations based on the distinction between “early” and “old” (or “mature”) Clausewitz. They gave us new look on few theoretical problems included in Prussian’s general works and his attitude to many important Enlightenment philosophers like Kant and Hegel. Finally, I tried to prove that Clausewitz theory has dialectical character, which makes it open and worth further developments.

Ressentiment – The History of the Theory: On Interdisciplinarity of Security Studies

Author(s): Elżbieta Posłuszna / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2019

The paper presents a brief history of ressentiment (resentment) research in order to shed some light on the importance of these considerations for Security Studies (particularly for the analyses of the broad spectrum of issues related to ideologically motivated violence). Even a cursory overview of the usage of the created by Friedrich Nietzsche concept of ressentiment in social sciences and humanities enables to draw significant conclusions on the importance of interdisciplinarity in the development of reflection on security. Presentation of those conclusions is the main goal of this article.

Bosanskohercegovačka heteronomija

Author(s): Adnan Džafić,Nezir Krčalo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

The state of the contemporary Bosnian society and its development can not be inferred from a perspective that takes into account only the time since the introduction of parliamentary democracy and the first multilateral elections. Various ideologized positions tend to give their versions of the development and nature of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian society and their starting point is generally denied for the understanding of a part of Bosnia-Herzegovinian history and social actors important for the Bosnian-Herzegovinian society in this historical period. The contemporary age, characterized as the time of the end of ideology, can be described as a collection of a multitude of ideologies overlapping a global ideology of neoliberal capitalism, freedom of movement, freedom of choice, and freedom of opportunity. All other ideologies, the dominant operational ideology of nationalism, are fighting for the souls of everyone and the souls of all. The wind in the back gives them a state of the heteronomy of a Bosnian-Herzegovinian society characterized by at least four elements: 1.) the constitutional foundations and social norms include foreign citizens and international institutions that restrict the sovereignty of the state; 2.) Affiliated nationalist ideological programs in neighboring countries, instrumentally and target-oriented to their electorate and their own „general goals“; 3.) part of civil society organizations formed by international actors, which should represent a corrective for the failure of state institutions to function, and in practice go hand in hand with the previous two elements; 4.) Citizens who, by their inexperience in electoral and other political activities, leave the above-mentioned elements of heteronomy to impose norms on the whole of Bosnia-Herzegovina from the „outside“.

Charakterystyka pryncypiów i głównych założeń myśli politycznej i prawnej Thomasa Jeffersona

Author(s): Rafał Zygmunt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

Autor analizuje kształtowanie i krzepnięcie myśli politycznej Thomasa Jeffersona. Nie będąc twórcą nowej, oryginalnej doktryny polityczno-prawnej, Jefferson był przede wszystkim wybitnym liderem politycznym. Dzięki umiejętnemu odczytywaniu oczekiwań społecznych, miał ożywczy wpływ na rozwój idei demokratycznych w społeczeństwie amerykańskim. Demokracja jeffersońska nie mogła też istnieć ani rozwijać się w przyszłości bez dwóch ważnych składników: powszechnego systemu edukacyjnego oraz niezależnej i samorządnej władzy lokalnej. Jefferson wierzył, że społeczeństwo jest zdolne rządzić się samodzielnie i podejmować właściwe decyzje, dlatego też był optymistą, jeśli idzie o przyszłość instytucji demokratycznych w USA.

A Blithe Spirit' in Hard Times – Hugh Gibson's Role in the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Poland and America

Author(s): Dorota Górnik / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Autor analizuje kształtowanie i krzepnięcie myśli politycznej Thomasa Jeffersona. Nie będąc twórcą nowej, oryginalnej doktryny polityczno-prawnej, Jefferson był przede wszystkim wybitnym liderem politycznym. Dzięki umiejętnemu odczytywaniu oczekiwań społecznych, miał ożywczy wpływ na rozwój idei demokratycznych w społeczeństwie amerykańskim. Demokracja jeffersońska nie mogła też istnieć ani rozwijać się w przyszłości bez dwóch ważnych składników: powszechnego systemu edukacyjnego oraz niezależnej i samorządnej władzy lokalnej. Jefferson wierzył, że społeczeństwo jest zdolne rządzić się samodzielnie i podejmować właściwe decyzje, dlatego też był optymistą, jeśli idzie o przyszłość instytucji demokratycznych w USA.

Instrumentalizacja ukraińskiego dyskursu dookoła pamięci historycznej

Author(s): Jurij Hajduk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

Ukraiński dyskurs dokonał tożsamości narodowej i jest w dużym stopniu naznaczony interesem politycznym czy ideologicznym jego aktorów i nie zawsze oparty jest na racjonalnych/obiektywnych argumentach. Motywowany jest też dążeniem jego aktorów do uzyskania przewagi w czasie kampanii wyborczej, interesem państw sąsiadujących. Postawiona w artykule hipoteza jest realizowana poprzez analizę tak zwanej polityki historycznej państwa ukraińskiego.

Badania radykalizacji kobiet do terroryzmu dżihadystycznego

Author(s): Aleksandra Gasztold / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the women’s participation in jihadist movements through feminist perspectives. The hypothesis of this paper is the assumption that the factors determining and initiating the fascination with leads to political violence may be different among women and young girls than among men. The cultural and social determinants and perceived female roles in particular communities are of particular importance. The specifics of the socialization of women to political violence are not in contrast to the radicalization of men but should be considered as a complement to studies on terrorism. There are indications of radicalization of attitudes and behaviors, including individual factors pushing and sustaining involvement in terrorism (push and pull factors). The following methods have been applied in the article: theoretical research methods (classification and systematization, verification), general-purpose methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and other research methods typical for social sciences: statistical, comparative, descriptive, analysis of sources, analysis and criticism of the literature on the subject. The conclusion was that manipulation of masculinity and femininity is used not only by terrorist groups in recruitment processes, but also in the analysis of this phenomenon itself. Gender relations also affect accepted interpretive solutions of phenomena in which women participate, and above all, their marginalization in violence studies.

Wpływ kultury politycznej na proces funkcjonowania demokracji w Polsce w latach 2006–2018

Author(s): Marek Tyrała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The aim of the article is to describe the process of democracy as it has been functioning in Poland over the last decade. The main research hypothesis in the article is that the political culture has had a crucial impact on the functioning of democracy in Poland. The author’s goal was to describe the process of political rivalry and the determinants of the process of consolidating democracy. The text is of an interdisciplinary character, since the research problem has been analyzed from the political, sociological and philosophical perspectives. While verifying the hypothesis put forward, it was observed that it is the low level of political culture that is very likely to have a negative impact on the functioning of democracy in Poland. An attempt to analyze the research problem may make a significant contribution to further study of the process of consolidating democracy in Poland.

Anomia jako kulturowy stan społeczeństwa polskiego w czasach nowożytnych praprzyczyną dystopii integracji z Unią Europejską

Author(s): Grzegorz Piwnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article analyzes the issue of integration with the European Union viewed through the prism of historical factors that have played a significant role in Poland being part of central Europe. This has been assumed to stem from the economic division into Western (capitalist) and Eastern (agricultural) Europe in the 16th century, which implied the cultural disparity of those areas and that has lasted until the present in the central and Eastern regions. This division was created by feudal relations in the East and capitalist relations in the West, until the second half of the 19th century. The absence of the modern state with its administrative systems, strong government and army, bourgeoisie and new religious movements, such as Protestantism, all contributed to the development of anomie and dystopia in Poland. The second aspect of this academic analysis is the abandonment of integration with the European Union after 2015. It resulted in the possibility of Poland being ousted from the Western European center of civilization. The prospect of Poland becoming a periphery of Europe is a peculiar anomie and dystopia for the state and society.

Paradoks prinudnog pristanka u teoriji društvenog ugovora

Author(s): Aleksandar Savanović / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2019

In this paper we will analyse some preconditions that must be met by a social contract that pleads to be valid one. When do we accept a contract as a valid agreement? There are some important classic issues, many of them are still open for discussion. With regard to this, we focus on the on the following question: Is a contract the result of free will? What is (if any) the meaning of the phrase ‘coercive agreement’ or ‘coercive consent’? There are two extreme positions: acceptance of coercive agreement without any preconditions or rejection of coercive agreement by some deontological presumption or structural/ logical contradiction claim.

O pojmu i historiji anarhizma

Author(s): Radule Knežević / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 4/2018

Problem kulturnog determinizma u teoriji političke kulture

Author(s): Bojan Vranić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

Milan Podunavac, Republikanizam: teorija, nasleđe i principi

Author(s): Bojan Vranić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

Civilitet u kontekstu odnosa između luksuza i vrlina

Author(s): Alpar Lošonc / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

The paper traces the genesis of the notion of civilisation and civility and of the interpretation of the differences between them. Relying primarily on theories by Adam Smith, John Millar, and other thinkers, the author presents in the central part of the paper a theoretical and normative distinction between the notions of ‘civility’ and ‘barbarity’. The latter part of the paper discusses the relation between military and civil virtues and identifies the production of fear and crisis of public goods in contemporary societies.

Načelo humanizma u postmodernoj političkoj teoriji: Lyotard, Derrida, Agamben

Author(s): Radule Knežević / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/2015

The paper traces the thinking about humanism in the postmodern philosophy and political philosophy, singling out the three key postmodern contemporary thinkers, Lyotard, Derrida, and Agamben, interpreted and reconceptualised humanism towards the end of the 20th and at the outset of the 21st century. The paper focuses mainly on how postmodern political thought in general, and these three in particular, approached humanism through a ‘negative’ definition of man, i. e. a definition in which humanity is understood via its testimony of non-humanity.

Radule Knežević, Politička kultura

Author(s): Branko Bošković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

A liberális demokrácia védelmében?

Author(s): Zsolt Kapelner / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2020

Kis János: Alkotmányos demokrácia. Kalligram, Budapest, 2019., 576 oldal, 5990 Ft