SYSTEM OCHRONY ZDROWIA W SZWAJCARII – DOŚWIADCZENIA I REKOMENDACJE DLA POLSKI

Author(s): Joanna Figura / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2016

The article pertains to the subject of health policy. The paper examines in detail one of the best health systems in the world, which operates in Switzerland. The aim of the article is a detailed presentation of the functioning of the health system in Switzerland, according to selected criteria. The article was developed based on the study of literature (both national and international positions). The health model adopted and implemented in Switzerland has its advantages and disadvantages. The success of the health system in Switzerland is determined by, among other factors, the operation of many competing companies offering health insurance, broad and at the same time socially acceptable patient co-payment and the development of large-scale private health insurance and high "saturation" of medical personnel within the health system. Concrete proposals to im-prove the situation in the Polish health care system were indicated, based on the rich experience of the Swiss health system. The solutions adopted in the Swiss health care system should provide inspiration for all decision-makers in Poland.

Konsolidacja demokracji w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej: Rola społeczeństwa obywatelskiego

Author(s): Dorota Pietrzyk-Reeves / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

The main question of the article is the connection between democratic consolidationin post-Soviet states and civil society development. Even though such a thesis is very popular in political science, it cannot be borne out in present-day policy. And even if we describe democracy as a purely institutional arrangement, it’s impossible to ignore its substantial character. It certainly includes a dynamic civil society and participatory character of political culture. Given these issues, political analysis is very difficult for all researchers, especially because of the variety of traditions and beliefs. // Вопрос, поставленный в тексте, касается связи между консолидацией демократии в посткоммунистических странах и развитием гражданского общества. Сформулированные в политологии тезисы об этой связи, не являются очевидными и не выдерживают пробу временем. Тем более, что само определение условий консолидации демократического порядка, включает в себя различные измерения. Целью статьи является показание, что процесс консолидации демократии является очень сложным и одновременно проблематичным, так же как и роль, которую в этом процессе играет гражданское общество. И хотя невозможно ограничить понимание демократии до исключительно ее институционального аспекта, каждая попытка уточнения ее „субстанционного” характера, включающего в себя устойчивое гражданское общество и политическую культуру участия, не является очевидной, особенно в контексте обществ, которые проходили процесс демократизации в рамках разрозненных вызовов и традиций, которые перед ними стали.

Współczesne teorie społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w świetle nowego materializmu

Author(s): Edyta B. Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

The article discusses contemporary theories of civil society at the local, global and transnational level with reference to one of the most interesting modern trends in humanities – the concept of new materialism. The proposed classification has been based on the criterion of civil rights expansion suggested by Reinhardt Koselleck. // Статья посвящена современным теориям гражданского общества в региональном,глобальном и транснациональном масштабе, что является основой отсылки к одному из наиболее интересных современных направлений в гуманитарных науках — концепции нового материализма. За основу предложенной в статье классификации принят, предложенный Рейнхардтом Косселецким, критерий расширения гражданских прав.

Uczestnictwo i poczucie uczestnictwa. Analiza pojęć

Author(s): Mirosław Karwat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

The political science convention of using “participation” to describe only active involvement in deciding public matters and exerting influence by citizens, employees or residents is too narrow. An adequate understanding of “participation” should be based on objective belonging to the social community. Passivity can also be a peculiar form of participation. The sense of participation has many faces. This can be – paradoxically – the feeling of exclusion, of non-participation or alienation, or, on the contrary, the identification, satisfaction, motivation for activity, shared responsibility. Finally, an individual’s sense of participation may combine both of these components. // Политологическая конвенция, основанная на том, чтобы называть участием только активное включение граждан, работников, жителей в решение общественных вопросов и оказания на них влияния – слишком узкое понимание. Адекватное понимание участия относится также к объективной принадлежности и социальной связи. Пассивность также является участием, хотя и особенной формы. Чувство участия имеет разнообразное значение. Это моет быть парадоксальным – чувство исключения, неучастия либо чувство отчужденности, или же наоборот – чувство идентификации, удовлетворения, мотивации к активности, чувство общей ответственности, возможно также чувство амбивалентности.

Ez is kell az autonómiához

Author(s): Béla Markó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2018

Meghallani a közösségek hangjait. Beszélgetés Takács Csabával a Communitas Alapítványról

Author(s): Zsolt Ferencz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2018

Csaba testvér titka

Author(s): Márta Bodó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2018

Relation between “Civil” and “Inclusive” Society from a Theoretical Perspective

Author(s): Jovana Škoric / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The past few decades offer the evidence of the expansion of civil society organizations arising from the inability of states to, due to political or administrative constraints, cover the whole spectrum of citizens’ needs. In view of this, the paper will elaborate on the main theoretical perspectives of the concepts of “civil” and “inclusive” society, as well as the significance of civil society organizations for the social development, democratic values and an inclusive society. The introductory part of paper shows a brief overview of the history of the concept of civil society. On the one hand, it will present the main postulates of neo-liberal pluralist paradigm and contextualization of civil society by Jürgen Habermas, Robert Putnam, Francis Fukuyama and Jeffrey Alexander and on the other side we are going to consider Gramsci’s paradigm and its importance in this context. In addition, paper will present the modern conceptualization and possible perspectives of civil society organizations which will be followed by the operationalization of the concept of an inclusive society and the importance of social inclusion in this context. The last and concluding chapter is devoted to the criticism of the civil society (organizations) and challenges faced by CSOs in the social inclusion politics.

RECEPTION OF COUNTERCULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE

Author(s): Sebastian Maris / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

THE PAPER SUGGESTS THE ABSENCE OF COUNTERCULTURE POLAND AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA.COUNTERCULTURE IS A CONCEPT THAT DESIGNATES THE NEW AXIOLOGICAL ORIENTATIONS OFYOUNG PEOPLE DURING THE 1960S, INCLUDING THE PROTEST IN GENERAL, THE FIRST ROCKMANIFESTATIONS, THE WIDESPREAD USE OF HALLUCINOGENIC SUBSTANCES, TELEVISION VIEWING,INSTINCTUAL RELEASE AND THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION. COUNTERCULTURE AROSE AND WASTHEORIZED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND THEN EXPANDED INTO THEWORLD. AT THE SAME TIME, THE DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS FOR AN UNDERSTANDING WILL BEREPORTED, WHICH ARE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CONCEPT. DEFINED AS A CONCEPT IN PARTICULARBY INTELLECTUALS IN THE WEST, IT HAS MANIFESTED ITSELF DIFFERENTLY EVERYWHERE. OURANALYSIS WILL STUDY THREE HISTORICAL SPACES - THE US, POLAND AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA INCOMPARATIVE APPROACH IN ORDER TO OBSERVE THE MANIFESTATION OF COUNTERCULTURE ANDPROTESTS THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE.

Implication of Community Engagement in the Decision-Making Process in South African Local Municipal

Author(s): Andrew Osehi Enaifoghe,Toyin Cotties Adetiba / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The study investigates the implication of community engagement in the decision-making processes in South African local municipality governance system. The main concern of having a community participation in decision making has been receiving serious consideration across Africa and South Africa especially, from both civil society and government. Debatably governments in several parts of the world today have initiated different or rather a diverse look at the requisite for public participation in decision-making processes in local municipalities. This study focused on the challenges and the extent to which a community can be involved in the decision making practices in a Local Municipality leadership structure, while trying to access socio-economic and political development. Findings in this study revealed that in most Local Municipality community; participation in decision-making has not been effectively been. Using participatory theory there is a clear understanding of the relevance of putting the community members into consideration in decision making at local municipality.

New York, Bernie Bros şi speranţe de mai

Author(s): Cornel Ban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05+06/2017

The author of this text is interested in the current trend of political orientation of the American educated youth.

Hybrid Civic Activism as a Tool for Building Social Inclusion

Author(s): Jasna Milošević-Đorđević,Živojin B. Đurić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Modern democracies around the world are threatened by growing political populism and intolerance. This fact is prominent especially in the Balkan region, where the effect of violent ethnic conflict is still present. Empirical data from this region registered low level of political engagement, high ethnic stereotyping and distance toward non-majority groups. Modern democracies around the world are threatened by growing political populism and intolerance. This fact is prominent especially in the Balkan region, where the effect of violent ethnic conflict is still present. Empirical data from this region registered low level of political engagement, high ethnic stereotyping and distance toward non-majority groups. Results confirmed that both online and offline activities can have a positive effect on social inclusion in real world by reducing political anomie and cynicism and belief in a just world, and increasing political interest. This research highlights the importance of fostering different types of civic activism because the impact of political engagement in the real and even more in the virtual world leads to a reduction of social distance toward minority groups in reality. Data suggested that broadening platforms for civic engagement could be an effective strategy in building social inclusion.

NARUSZENIA PRAW KOBIET I DZIECI W KOREAŃSKIEJ REPUBLICE LUDOWO- DEMOKRATYCZNEJ (ZAGADNIENIA WYBRANE)

Author(s): Katarzyna Czeszejko-Sochacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2018

This article is an attempt to show the problem of the violation of human rights in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, especially women and children. Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of behavior. It includes the rights to live, freedom from slavery and torture, and freedom of opinion and expression. In the Democratic Peoples` Republic of Korea (DPRK) those rights are non-existent. In that country the regime uses capital punishment as a tool of oppression. What is more labor camps exist there. The situation of women and children in Korea is very hard. Women experience discrimination, rapes and famine. Furthermore, since 2015 military service has been obligatory for them and they spend from 5 to 7 years there in military service. Moreover, domestic violence is prevalent. They have not got access to social support. The legal system is appalling as DPRK lowered the penalties for some forms of rape, includ-ing the rape of children, rape by work supervisor and repeated rape. Children are used for hard labor. Disabled children are killed or sent to a special place called “Hospital 83” to which disabled persons are being sent for the medical investigation into chemical and biological weapons.

OCHRONA PRAW CZŁOWIEKA WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM LIECHTENSTEINIE. ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI

Author(s): Krzysztof Koźbiał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2018

Liechtenstein is undoubtedly one of the countries where respect for human rights is at a high level. The reasons for this should be sought first of all in the decision of this micro-state to join the most important international organizations emphasizing the pro-tection of human rights (UN, Council of Europe) as well as internal regulations that are of an increasingly higher standard. This does not mean that there are no problems or puzzling situations for researchers of the political affairs in this country in this respect. These include undoubtedly the relatively late granting of political rights to women and the actual lack of political rights of persons without the citizenship of the Principality, accounting for 1/3 of the country's population.

„Două secole împreună, dar cum?”

Author(s): Dan Culcer / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2018

Dan Culcer analyzes the aspects of Paul Goma's dissent. behavior.

Context

Author(s): Ioan Călin Roșca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01+02/2019

This text explores the forms and implications of nationalism.

Rozwój technologii informacyjnych szansą czy zagrożeniem dla społeczeństwa obywatelskiego?

Author(s): Mateusz Radziszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

The political participation of citizens is a fundamental element of a democratic system and guarantees the realization of democratic values.An important element of participation is the use of information technologies in this process. The first part of the article contains the worldwide research review of civil participation and the use of information technologies in the communication between the government and citizens.The next part is the analysis of the use of information technologies in a participatory budgeting in Lodz and Poznan in 2014 and 2015. The aim of this research is to find quantitative and qualitative dimension of civil participation in the virtual world.My research will use Robert Putnam’s conception of social capital and D.Easton’s „Systems Analysis of Politics”.The hypotheses are: H1: information technologies are an important part of civil participation process, H2: Use of information technologies has no influence on qualitative dimension of civil participation.

Uwarunkowania lokalnej aktywności obywatelskiej

Author(s): Krzysztof Łabędź / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2018

The paper is an attempt to indicate some conditions causing that civic activity in Polish society is at a relatively low level, even on a local scale, which should promote high activity. Such a situation can be explained by selected factors basing on some concepts in the scientific literature. Firstly, attention was paid to certain psychological norms, selected views and attitudes of the society that may make it difficult to undertake any activities. There are some factors that lead to a culture of distrust as well as shortcomings and mistakes made when using forms of participatory democracy (on the example of Cracow).

Civil Society Going Political: The Crisis of Democracy and the Rise of Participatory Political Parties in Croatia

Author(s): Dražen Cepić,Marko Kovačić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This paper debates the crisis of democracy and the importance of civilsociety in bringing forth new, participatory models of democracy. This isdemonstrated in the case of Croatia following the results of the localelections in the spring of 2013 when five newly founded political parties,which shared strong ties to civil society, saw success. Building on theexisting literature on the crisis of democracy, the authors argue that thelow level of trust in political parties is not sufficient for explaining thisphenomenon. Seeking to provide a more comprehensive solution, theauthors introduce the factor of motivation by analysing the failures ofCSOs in establishing a dialogue with the government, as well as thestructural features of CSOs, thereby establishing a link between themacro and micro level of analysis. The paper indicates similarities withother post-socialist countries, allowing for speculation about possiblesimilarities between them.

Securitising the Oriental

Author(s): Friedrich Püttmann / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

Ninety per cent of Kosovo’s population is Muslim. However, overt Islamic practice is increasinglybeing demonised as a threat to society. A tangible result of this discourse was the ban ofthe Islamic headscarf from Kosovo’s public schools in 2010.The article addresses a puzzle by taking the headscarf ban as a case study to investigate the discursive logic of the so-called “securitisation” of pious Islamic practice in Kosovo. The author does so by using the analytical framework of securitisation theory and the method of Analytical Discourse Evaluation to systematically reconstruct and examine the argumentative structure that underlies the policy. The contribution is based on discourse material from the online archives of twelve Kosovo-Albanian media outlets from 2010 until 2018.The author argues that the securitisation of the headscarf in Kosovo essentially follows a classic Orientalist logic, crystallizing in the shape of three existential threats (Islamic fundamentalism, psychological manipulation, and cultural backwardness) and three threatened referential objects (namely national unity, national identity, and the nation’s offspring). Together, these representan ‘Oriental meta-threat’ to Kosovo’s national self-identity.