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Demokratske performanse parlamenata Srbije, Bosne i Hercegovine i Crne Gore

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian

Zbornik koji je pred Vama rezultat je jednogodišnjeg istraživačkog projekta Komparativna analiza demokratskih performansi parlamenata Srbije, Bosne i Hercegovine i Crne Gore. Istraživački tim projekta čine istraživači i saradnici Fakulteta političkih nauka Univerziteta u Beogradu, Fakulteta političkih nauka Univerziteta u Podgorici i Sarajevskog otvorenog centra, koji su i autori ovog zbornika. Projekat je finansiran u okviru šireg regionalnog projekta Političke, društvene i ekonomske promene na Zapadnom Balkanu, u okviru Programa za promociju regionalnog istraživanja Zapadnog Balkana (RRPP) (http://www.rrppwesternbalkans.net/). RRPP ima za cilj unapređenje i razvoj istraživanja u oblasti društvenih nauka u Albaniji, Bosni i Hercegovini, Kosovu, Makedoniji, Crnoj Gori i Srbiji. Program pruža podršku istraživačima kroz istraživačke grantove, metodološke treninge i mogućnosti regionalne i međunarodne razmene i umre- žavanja istraživača. Program finansira Švajcarska agencija za razvoj i saradnju, a operativno ga sprovodi Univerzitet u Friburgu iz Švajcarske (http://www.rrppwesternbalkans.net/en/about.html). Zbog toga je jedan od ciljeva našeg projekta bilo i osnaživanje institucionalnih veza između istraživačkih organizacija u regionu, ali i uspostavljanje kontakata između mladih istraživača i stvaranje regionalne akademske mreže koja će služiti kao baza budućih zajedničkih projekata.

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A quarter-century of independent Ukraine. Dimensions of transformation

Author(s): Tadeusz A. Olszański / Language(s): English

On 24 August 1991, the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR proclaimed independence, and on 1 December the same year, the Ukrainian people ratified that proclamation in a referendum. The new Ukrainian state had some very important assets, such as the peaceful path that led to its independence, the fact that its territory was uncontested and its civilian administration was established. They downside, which determined Ukraine’s fundamental weaknesses, was that like the other former Soviet republics, it had been part of the Soviet state and had no central state bodies of its own, such as a general staff, a bank of issue, or most of the necessary ministries. // After nearly a quarter century of peaceful development, interrupted by the outbreak of the war in 2014, Ukraine is still weak, but at the same time it has consolidated internally and internationally, demonstrated its capacity to withstand armed aggression, and is actively looking for its place in the world. The country’s greatest success has been to raise a new generation of ‘natural-born citizens’ of Ukraine, while its greatest failure has been to succumb to the dramatic population decline with irreversible consequences, and to allow the impoverishment of the lower strata of society, typical for all the post-Soviet states. // The present paper is not a history of independent Ukraine, but an attempt to present the main mechanisms by which the former Soviet republic has transformed itself into an independent state with a market economy. It is therefore mainly focused on internal developments in Ukraine.

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Conflict-dependent Russia. The domestic determinants of the Kremlin's anti-western policy

Author(s): Maria Domańska / Language(s): English

The Kremlin’s foreign policy is subordinate above all to the domestic political aims of the ruling elite. The most important of these is the maintenance and legitimistaion of the Chekist-kleptocratic model of feudalism. In this model, which is fundamentally opposed to the Western model of liberal democracy, the state is the de facto property of a small group of decision-makers, and the rules of international interactions are dictated by the logic of the ‘zero-sum game’. // The Kremlin’s confrontational approach to the West – at the political, economic, social and propaganda levels – is not a transitional phenomenon, but rather a permanent, strategic Leitmotiv of Russia’s foreign policy. It results from the intrinsic features of the Russian authoritarian regime, and from the mentality of the ruling elite included within it. The latter is largely a product of a particular type of society and of the specific path of the state’s historical development. In such conditions, is any real normalisation of relations between Russia and the West possible?

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KA ODGOVORNOM I PROFESIONALNOM POSTUPANJU SA LEZBEJKAMA, GEJEVIMA, BISEKSUALNIM, TRANSRODNIM I INTERSPOLNIM OSOBAMA - PRIRUČNIK ZA PREDSTAVNIKE_CE INSTITUCIJA KOJE DJELUJU NA NIVOU OPĆINA, GRADOVA I KANTONA U BIH

Author(s): Dajana Cvjetković,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): Bosnian

Poštovane_i profesionalke_profesionalci, ako se nikad u svom radu niste susrele_i sa lezbejkom, gejem, biseksualnom, transrodnom ili interspolnom (LGBTI) osobom, onda je ovaj priručnik namijenjen upravo vama. Razmislite! Ukoliko tokom višegodišnjeg profesionalnog rada niste upoznale_i LGBTI osobu, da li to možda znači da je niste prepoznale_i, a ne da je nije bilo?! Dopustite da navedemo jedan primjer. Prema rezultatima popisa stanovništva iz 2013. godine, u Federaciji BiH živi oko 80.000 građanki i građana koje_i se ne izjašnjavaju kao pripadnice_i konstitutivnih naroda, već kao pripadnice_i nacionalnih manjina, kao Bosanke_ci i/ili Hercegovke_ci, kao pripadnice_i drugih etničkih identiteta, ili se naprosto ne izjašnjavaju u vezi s etničkom pripadnošću. Uzimajući to u obzir, da li ste se u radu susreli_e sa Romkinjama_Romima, Jevrejkama_Jevrejima, Albankama_ Albancima, Crnogorkama_Crnogorcima? Ili sa osobama koje se nacionalno ne izjašnjavaju? Njih u FBiH ima oko 18 hiljada. Poznajete li osobu koja se izjašnjava kao Hrvatica_Hrvat u Kantonu Sarajevo? Njih 17.000 tako se izjasnilo. Pripadnice_pripadnike svih ovih zajednica i grupa sigurno poznajete. Kako je onda moguće da ne poznajete niti jednu ili jako mali broj LGBTI osoba, koje, prema procjenama, širom svijeta čine od 3 do 12 posto ukupnog broja stanovništva? U Kantonu Sarajevo, 10 posto stanovništva je više od 40.000 osoba – da li je, stoga, moguće da nikada niti jedna LGBTI osoba nije došla po uslugu kod vas?

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Izvješće o pojavama govora mržnje i kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje u Bosni i Hercegovini u razdoblju od lipnja 2017. godine do lipnja 2018. godine

Author(s): / Language(s): Croatian

U razdoblju od 2016. do 2018. godine došlo je do poboljšanja pravnog okvira kada su u pitanju kaznena djela učinjena iz mržnje. Međutim, u praski i dalje postoje problemi koji se ogledaju u činjenici da bosanskohercegovačko društvo, kao i nadležna tijela, nije dovoljno senzibilizirano, odnosno nije dovoljno educirano kako bi ova kaznena djela bila primjereno sankcionirana. To doprinosi situaciji da žrtve kaznenih djela najčešće ostaju nezbrinute, djela neprocesuirana, što nekažnjenim počiniteljima_cama u ovakvim slučajevima šalje jasnu poruku da su njihova djela prihvatljiva i opravdana. Unatoč postojećem zakonskom okviru, koji trenutno pruža zakonsku zaštitu za žrtve i potencijalne žrtve kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje, nažalost, pripadnici_e manjinskih skupina nisu u mogućnosti voditi siguran i dostojan život zbog činjenice da dijele neke od zaštićenih karakteristika. Iako je u proteklom razdoblju kontinuirano poboljšavana legislativa kada su u pitanju mržnja i kaznena djela učinjena iz mržnje, država nije uradila ništa kako na promidžbi postojeće legislative, tako niti na uspostavljanju povjerenja policije i pravosuđa s pripadnicima_ama marginaliziranih skupina. Jedan od razloga zašto članovi_ce marginaliziranih skupina ne prijavljuju nasilje upravo je nepovjerenje u pravosudni sustav, jer ga, nažalost, vide kao problem, a ne kao dio rješenja. Neprijavljivanje je dakako opravdano strahom žrtava da policijski_e službenici_e, tužitelji_ce i suci_sutkinje nisu dovoljno senzibilizirani_e i nemaju odgovarajući/profesionalni pristup žrtvama pripadnicima_ama marginaliziranih skupina, odnosno javni_e službenici_e imaju izražene predrasude prema društvenim skupinama koje su na marginama bh. društva. Posljedično, kaznena politika je veoma loša kada su u pitanju ova kaznena djela. Drugi razlog je što izostaju državni sustavni programi educiranja i senzibiliziranja policije i pravosuđa. Sav teret senzibilizacije i edukacije preuzimaju organizacije civilnog sektora i međunarodne organizacije koje djeluju na teritoriju BiH, a bave se tematikom i problematikom mržnje i kaznenih djela učinjenih iz mržnje. Iz dokumentiranih slučajeva može se primijetiti, nažalost, da ova kaznena djela imaju tendenciju rasta zbog neprimjenjivanja trenutnog postojećeg zakonskog okvira, prema kojem počinitelji_ce mogu biti sankcionirani_e, te da je potrebno poboljšanje trenutnog zakonskog okvira, odnosno harmonizacija kaznenih zakona u Federaciji BiH i Brčko distriktu s Krivičnim zakonom Republike Srpske.

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A Country with non-Existent Unemployment. The Special Characteristics of the Czech Labour Market

Author(s): Krzysztof Dębiec / Language(s): English

Since 2016, the Czech Republic has had the lowest unemployment rate among all EU member states (cf. Chart 1). In mid-2017, it overtook Japan to reach the top position in the ranking of OECD member states. This situation adversely affects companies which are looking for ways to cope with workforce shortages. One solution is the automation of production processes, but employers are also appealing for the country to become more open to receiving immigrant workers, above all from Ukraine. The trade unions are opposed to this, fearing that an influx of workers from other countries will slow down the rate of increase of wages. At the same time, there is a debate in the Czech Republic about the degree to which the present economic model contributes to the country catching up with the Western economies and what should be done to speed up the convergence.

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Kraj bez bezrobocia. Specyfika czeskiego rynku pracy

Author(s): Krzysztof Dębiec / Language(s): Polish

Od 2016 roku Czechy mają najniższy poziom bezrobocia spośród państw UE (por. Wykres 1). W połowie 2017 roku wyprzedziły pod tym względem Japonię i znalazły się na czele zestawienia państw OECD. Sytuacja ta uderza w firmy, które szukają sposobów na niedobór pracowników. Jednym z rozwiązań jest automatyzacja procesów produkcyjnych, ale pracodawcy postulują też większą otwartość państwa na migrantów, przede wszystkim z Ukrainy. Niechętne temu są związki zawodowe, które obawiają się, że napływ pracowników z zagranicy wyhamuje tempo wzrostu płac. Jednocześnie w Czechach trwa debata o tym, na ile obecny model gospodarczy sprzyja doganianiu gospodarek zachodnich i co zrobić, aby przyspieszyć konwergencję.

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In search of new routes. Ukraine’s foreign trade after the Revolution of Dignity

Author(s): Sławomir Matuszak / Language(s): English

The multi-vector policy, i.e. manoeuvring between the West and Russia without becoming involved in integration projects with either of them, which Ukraine had been following since it regained independence also had an economic aspect. Trade with Russia and other post-Soviet countries, the European Union and the rest of the world was equally important for Kyiv albeit for different reasons. Ukraine’s unwillingness to make binding decisions whether to establish closer co-operation with Russia or the EU was to a great extent an effect of its concern about the negative impact of this move on economic relations with the remaining areas. Ukrainian oligarchs, the main beneficiaries of income from exports, also failed to take a joint stance of integration processes in the region and were satisfied with the state of suspension in which Ukraine had found itself.

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Excess cultural baggage. Social mobilisation in an authoritarian Russia

Author(s): Jadwiga Rogoża / Language(s): English

Among the key processes which have been taking place in Russia in recent decades, special attention should be paid to social mobilisation, i.e. the developing habits of taking up grassroots activities, the emergence of horizontal social networks, the large number of formal and informal civic initiatives (both political and non-political). This mobilisation should not be analysed separately from the evolution of the model of the state as a whole, which – especially since 2012 – has seen an increase in repression and a decline in economic efficiency. The main question posed by this study concerns the conditions that make social mobilisation and the citizens’ dissatisfaction with the condition of the state only result in short-term and local outbreaks of protest and not into a change in the entire model of governance. In this context, the text considers both the current and personnel-related factors, and the long-term cultural, social and political factors.

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Ile waży bagaż kulturowy. Aktywizacja społeczna w autorytarnej Rosji

Author(s): Jadwiga Rogoża / Language(s): Polish

Wśród istotnych procesów toczących się w Rosji w ostatniej dekadzie opisu i analizy wymaga aktywizacja społeczna – kształtujące się nawyki podejmowania oddolnych działań, tworzące się poziome sieci społeczne, duża liczba formalnych i nieformalnych inicjatyw obywatelskich, zarówno politycznych, jak i apolitycznych. Aktywizacja ta nie może jednak być rozpatrywana w oderwaniu od ewolucji całego modelu państwa, który – zwłaszcza po roku 2012 – notuje wzrost represyjności oraz spadek efektywności gospodarczej. Główne pytanie, jakie stawia niniejszy tekst, dotyczy uwarunkowań, które sprawiają, że aktywizacja społeczna i wzrost niezadowolenia obywateli z kondycji państwa skutkują jedynie krótkotrwałymi i lokalnymi wybuchami protestu i nie przekładają się na zmianę całego modelu zarządzania. W tym kontekście rozpatrzone zostały zarówno czynniki bieżące i personalne, jak i długofalowe uwarunkowania kulturowe, społeczne i polityczne.

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Pucz jako mit założycielski. Filary ideologiczne Nowej Turcji

Author(s): Mateusz Chudziak / Language(s): Polish

Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi autorską próbę rekonstrukcji ideowych podstaw Republiki Tureckiej, przechodzącej od 2002 roku głęboką transformację pod rządami Partii Sprawiedliwości i Rozwoju (AKP). Transformacja ta na poziomie ideowym weszła w decydujący etap po zamachu stanu z 15 lipca 2016 roku, udaremnionym przez zwolenników rządu. Pucz jest traktowany jako nowoczesny mit polityczny, który służy władzom do budowania całościowej opowieści o rządzonej przez nie Turcji oraz do definiowania fundamentalnych wartości i tożsamości państwa. Rozumienie nowoczesnego mitu politycznego zaczerpnięto z klasycznej pracy Ernsta Cassirera, który wychodząc od definicji mitu jako „uosobionego pragnienia zbiorowego”, stwierdza, że mit to „emocja obrócona w obraz”. Dodatkowo najistotniejszą cechą takich nowoczesnych mitów politycznych jest fakt tworzenia ich przez przywódców, którzy w swoich działaniach mających na celu określenie charakteru i tożsamości państwa łączą elementy myślenia emocjonalnego, irracjonalnego z umiejętnością ich świadomego i zręcznego wykorzystania. Tworzenie całościowej opowieści o państwie nie może być pozostawione przypadkowi.

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6.61 €

Ekonomické a správní nástroje ochrany krajinného rázu

Author(s): Jiří Guth,Naďa Johanisová,Martina Filipová / Language(s): Czech

The publication analyses and discusses legal and financial tools, including international strategies and policies, relevant to the protection of landscape character with a focus on agricultural impact in the Czech Republic. The first section summarises the available Czech literature on the subject and includes an analysis of the changes in scale of Czech farms after 1989. The second section summarises relevant financial instruments and their influence on landscape character. In the third section, a more detailed analysis of selected tools is attempted, including several case studies describing their use and impacts in practice. Section four summarises relevant international agreements, strategies, policies, and national and regional government programmes, and discusses their influence on landscape character in the Czech Republic. In the fifth section, policy changes on a national, international, and regional level favourable to landscape character are suggested. The summary in section six offers some general comments, including a plea for more effective control mechanisms and for more complex policies and strategies integrating small-scale rural renewable energy production with water and landscape character conservation and sustainable agricultural production based on local economic and biological loops.

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20.66 €

Neziskové organizace: teorie a mýty

Author(s): Vladimír Hyánek / Language(s): Czech

The roles and functions of non-profit organizations have been transforming in the last few decades; massive change is occurring in the non-profit sector and its organizations. Their position have progressively shifted, their traditional philanthropic and associational roles are being supplemented by other functions, missions and goals. Non-profit organizations are increasingly becoming competitors and collaborators with private firms and government agencies; they also represent important economic forces. The role of non-profit institutions in the modern world is certainly considerable and worthy of study. This book is focused on those above mentioned issues: non-profit organizations behaviour and the way particular theories and definitions reflect the non-profit phenomenon. The basic and favoured theories are being examined and confronted with real manners of the non-profit subjects. The attention is being paid especially to the basic concepts of the non-profit economics. The analysis of the particular theories and concepts serves as a base for the recommendations for the public policies towards the non-profit sector.

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Energiewende: And the Energy Security of the Czech Republic and Poland

Author(s): Filip Černoch,Yuliya Borshchevska,Veronika Jurčová,Robert Ach-Hübner / Language(s): English

The study focuses on the impact of the Energiewende (EW), i.e. German shift towards a decarbonized economy, and more specifically the large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources (RES), on the energy sectors of its eastern neighbors – the Czech Republic and Poland. Firstly, we provide a reflection of the EW by the Czech and Polish grid operators and energy policy decision-makers. Secondly, we introduce the possible pathways of EW’s future development, using the scenario analysis method. Thirdly, we provide a thorough explanation of the impact mechanisms through which the changes on the German electricity market are translated to changes to the ones of the Czech Republic and Poland. Fourthly, we evaluate the impact itself. Lastly, we provide a set of recommendations to both Czech and Polish decision-making bodies.

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28.84 €

Politika romství – romská politika

Author(s): Irena Kašparová / Language(s): Czech

This ethno-political study deals with the relation between Romany politics and Roma policy. It analyses how politics is done by Roma people in the Czech Republic and at the same time how Roma people are approached and accommodated in Czech policy. It offers an insight into various forms of the present Roma politics and reflects the ways and circumstances under which the mutual dialogue is allowed by the majority politics. The book contains the theoretical introduction (discussing the influence of the state, cultural specifics, and majority political arena) and four portraits of contemporary Roma politicians. Through their stories, the author discusses practical applicability of various political theories and concepts in everyday life.

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25 Years of Public Administration Developments and Reforms in V4 region

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This publication deals with the public administration development in Visegrad member states during the last 25 years. The first four chapters describe development of public administration in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. In the last chapter are summarized approaches to public administration development and discussed good praxis that was used during reforms in mentioned states.

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19.83 €

Starší dějiny Vietnamu a Čampy

Author(s): Ondřej Srba,Michal Schwarz / Language(s): Czech

The book describes the history of two civilization spheres in the territory of present-day Vietnam: The Viet culture in the north, developing under a direct influence of China, and the Champa culture in the south, formed by small independent indianised communities. By the 15th century, the growth of the Viet statehood reached its peak in the creation of a centralized realm. On the other hand, Champa was driven back by the expanding Viets, a far-reaching defeat resulting in their gradual regress in the following centuries. The authors offer a chronological explanation based on Vietnamese and Chinese chronicles. They present two main trends: The transition from a thousand-year-old Chinese domination to independence, and the power shift from the Buddhist sangha to military rulers and neo-Confucian civil administration.

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19.01 €

Vietnam v éře západních velmocí

Author(s): Michal Schwarz,Ondřej Srba / Language(s): Czech

The book describes the modern history of Vietnam from the 16th century till the present time. It covers the development of Vietnamese statehood before the colonial era and under the dynasties Lê, Mạc, and under the influential families of Trịnh and Nguyễn. After the Tây Sơn unification, the rule was returned back to the hands of Nguyễns with the help of French advisers. Later, the French took over the power in the war with China. Their colonial rule was not satisfactory for Vietnamese and it stimulated local nationalism. The war with the Western countries in the second half of the 20th century led to partial and formal friendship with its allies (China and the Soviet Union). Post-war modernization, own political authority, and renewed Confucian values are the main features of the recent development.

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20.00 €

Soudcokracie, nebo judicializace politiky? Vztah práva a politiky (nejen) v časech krize

Author(s): Ivo Pospíšil,Hubert Smekal,Jiří Baroš,Vojtěch Šimíček,Hynek Baňouch,Marian Kokeš,Renáta Klečková,Martin Smolek,Jiří Kmec,Stanislav Křeček,David Šeich / Language(s): Czech

The publication seeks to improve the understanding of an issue that is often publicly discussed but about which we usually hear only strong opinions not supported by adequate argumentation. Politicians, journalists, and commentators fill the media with outlandish labels such as juristocracy, judicial state, government of judges etc. that only serve as very thin façades of stances, without any elaborated content and deeper substantiation. The book contributes to the definition of some foggy terms, providing them with concrete contents. The chapters deal in particular with the situation in the Czech Republic, although the reader can also learn, from a direct participant in international negotiations, about the uneasy task of pushing a Czech candidate for the position of a judge in an international court, illustrating the highly competitive international diplomatic environment. In addition, those directly involved inform readers about the representation of the Czech Republic before the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights.

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Lucrările conferinţei de cercetare în construcţii, economia construcţiilor, urbanism şi amenajarea teritoriului

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian

This volume represents the Paper Proceedings of theresearch conference on constructions, economy of buildings, architecture, urban and territorial development.

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