Spatiality and Sociality
Viktor Berger: Térré szőtt társadalmiság. A tér kategóriája a szociológiaelméletekben
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Viktor Berger: Térré szőtt társadalmiság. A tér kategóriája a szociológiaelméletekben
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This paper deals with the state of language rights in Luxembourg in the light of immigration and the multilingualism associated with it. Although Luxembourg might appear to be an ideal case of multilingualism with three official languages (Luxembourgish, French, and German), the reality is very different because its language policies are marked by a hierarchy: while Luxembourgish has the symbolic dominance as the ‘national language’, French is the preferred language in the workplace and administration. The situation has become complex due to the steady influx of immigrants since the 1970s. Currently, more than 40 per cent of Luxembourg’s population consists of foreigners, and this has changed the linguistic situation in the sense that Portuguese has become one of the most widely spoken languages in Luxembourg, although it does not enjoy any legal safeguards. Taking account of this multilingual scenario, this paper examines the rights of different linguistic communities in Luxembourg. On the one hand, there is the need to protect Luxembourgish, which is the majority language in Luxembourg but a minority language when compared to other national languages of Europe, while, on the other hand, the needs of its Portuguese-speaking community also have to be taken into account since the use of German as the medium of instruction at primary level disadvantages them. Finally, the paper will also consider the role and the future of the other two main languages (French and German).
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The purpose of the present paper is to explore the dynamics of trilingual Internet use and its relation to minority language identity and acculturation among young Swedish speakers in Finland (N = 201) and Hungarian speakers in Transylvania (N = 388). Typically, a feature of linguistic minorities, trilingualism, provides speakers with the competence to move outside their original cultural realm, a feature that is rewarding at an individual level but may form a threat to the minority language culture. The results indicate in both contexts an extensive use of English alongside the minority language and a restricted amount of use of the majority language on the Internet. Majority language and English-language Internet use are strongly related to acculturation towards majority language speakers and English speakers in both contexts. Majority-language Internet use is significantly and negatively associated with minority language identity among participants in Transylvania but not among participants in Finland. Most interestingly, however, English-language Internet use is significantly and negatively related to minority language identity in both contexts. The findings and their theoretical implications are discussed.
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The paper initially presents the Serbian legislative framework relevant to the use of minority languages. The ethnolinguistic vitality of the Hungarian-speaking population in Serbia is then analysed, particularly in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. The paper then focuses upon the sociolinguistic survey of Hungarian language use in Belgrade. The emphasis is placed upon the survey responses related to the awareness of language rights among the Hungarian speakers.
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The question is how the global and local economic actors’ innovation-based local social and environmental objectives and results can modify the social cohesion strategies, how the disparities in economic and social development can be measured and evaluated at regional level in addition to a comparison across countries. We have seen that any one indicator in itself is not enough since it does not provide sufficient explanation for either the development disparities or their reasons. Anyway, in addition to GDP per capita, it is worth applying – and it is important to apply – such indicators as SPI and Well-Being, and various indices of social progress.
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The study aims to give a comprehensive explanation on how regional construction took place in the European history related to the state-building processes and how the historical heritage of the European state-construction influences today the social construction of the regions. With regard to the state-building processes, the study started from Hechter's model of ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ state and his interpretation on the relationship between core regions and peripheries. This model operates with the centralizing power of the state, but from the last decades of the 20th century it was proved via the ‘new regionalism’ that social construction processes became more relevant in shaping new subnational regions. This last aspect is described by Paasi, and the study argues for a new concept of regional identity as a territorial ‘product’ of interacting governance and local society.
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The relevance of languages and multilingual communication for social policy and solidarity in the context of the nation-state has generally been recognized. However, in the context of Europeanization, this factor has been underestimated and neglected in scientific research. This paper argues that languages and multilingual communication are relevant for the design of Social Europe. In order to support this hypothesis, the paper relies on an analytical tool, the so-called floral figuration model proposed by De Swaan (1988). This model allows us to isolate social and linguistic actors and track down complex patterns of linguistic and communicative exclusion in Europe’s system of multi-level governance. These patterns also refer to international or global English or its technically adapted Brussels variety ‘Euro-English’. From this, also follows that these patterns of linguistic and communicative exclusion must be rendered into inclusive ones before a European social policy can be realized.
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The programme which was planned for more stages started in 2010 and undertook the monitoring of Hungarian news programmes (since 2011 cultural programmes have also been monitored) of national audiovisual media from different regions. The aim of monitoring these programmes is to study the strength of samples as to what extent professional speakers, reporters observe the norms of vernacular language and to what extent their use of language acts as part of sample language in a regional, bilingual, and dialectical environment.In my study, I present the methodological questions of media monitoring (the aspects of sampling, the requirements regarding content and form in processing documentary material), paying attention to the differences between Romanian and Hungarian media monitoring programmes.
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The employment of persons with disabilities can be approached from the aspect of social entrepreneurship, which is a model for addressing social and environmental demands, listening to the needs of the marginalized, neglected or vulnerable sections of the population. Social entrepreneurship is characterized by reinvesting its profits into the community, future projects and sustainable development. It also indirectly affects the elimination of discrimination, focusing on the adoption of social values. The aim of this research paper is to gain insight into the employment opportunities of persons with disabilities in social enterprises and their well-being from the perspective of employers and employees of three social enterprises in the area of Mostar - Radin, VedriMo and Rad-Dar. A semi-structured interview technique was used to collect the data. The results of the research show that the main mission of the surveyed companies is to fulfill the right to employment, to provide work rehabilitation and to encourage social integration of persons with disabilities. Furthermore, the surveyed employers were found to be satisfied with the employees, highlighting some of the benefits of employing people with disabilities. The problems shown by the attendees are related to prejudice, reduced market and insufficient market competitiveness. Awareness of social entrepreneurship and enterprises employing persons with disabilities is a serious obstacle to the development of these types of employment. However, people’s awareness is shaped and changed over time, but the potential and resources need to be harnessed to highlight the need for the integration of people with disabilities in society.
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In recent decades, there has been an increasing number of behavioural problems in children and adolescents. The aim of the study is to identify differences in family orientation and family structure between adolescents with externalized and internalized problems, and typically developed adolescents. The sample consists of 587 adolescents of both sexes. The research was carried out in fifteen elementary schools in the City of Tuzla by including two classes, one seventh and one eighth grade from each school. The sample is intentional (only the seventh and eighth grades), and within it, the classes are selected by the case method. The survey used two measurement instruments: Youth Self-Report - YRS (Achenbach, 2007) and Family Environment Scale, Version for Adolescents (Family Environment Scale - FES, Moos, Moos, 2009). The results of the study indicate that there is a significant difference between adolescents living with both parents and those from incomplete families. Statistically significant differences were observed on the Aggressive Behaviour scales (t = - 2.23; p<.01). Rule-breaking behaviours (t = -3.22; p<0,00), and the Externalization dimension (t = - 2.82; p <0.00). There is also a statistical difference in family orientation. Bringing together the family structure of the family with internalized problems, it was observed that there were no statistically significant differences.
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Introduction Social distance is frequently used as an indicator for discrimination and refers to the tendency of people to avoid contact with stigmatized populations, including people with intellectual disabilities. Aim To explore the level of social distance among general population towards the individuals with intellectual disabilities and investigate the significant correlates. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in family medicine outpatient departments of the Primary Health Care Centre of Sarajevo Canton. The study included 240 respondents. The research instruments included general socio-demographic data questionnaire and social distance scale (modified Bogardus scale). Results The median value of the social distance scale was 17 (minimum, 6; maximum, 30; interquartile range, 0–2). The level of social distance increases if situations imply ‘social closeness.’. The closest social relationships (marriage) are at the top of the scale. Male participants held attitudes that reflected greater social distance than female (p= 0.016). Older participants expressed greater s social distance than younger, but not statistically significant (p= 0.323). Conclusion While current practices strive to include individuals with intellectual disabilities in community opportunities, stigmatizing attitudes held by the public can be a barrier to achieving true social inclusion.
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Preserving a family, known as the base of society in the modern way of life is a great challenge. Preserving and maintaining a family where there is one hearing impaired child creates a large amount of pressure for parents, who must learn to balance between a child with a disability and a child with none. By noticing and diagnosing a child’s disability, parents are forced to face a whole new way of life. Raising a child with a developmental disability is a journey into the unknown, it is not uncommon for a marriage to fall into crisis, and family is constantly exposed to stress and numerous obligations. With the misunderstanding coming from the wider family about the problems they face and the social community that does not provide adequate support, they must learn how to raise both children. How equally they will treat them is crucial to the development of a harmonic sibling relationship. With an adequate approach and proper upbringing, a child with disabilities creates special bonds among members of the family that contribute to their faster maturation, greater maturity, responsibility and independence of siblings.
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The article presents socio-demographic, physical-functional and cultural-symbolic change aspects of chosen local communities in Poland, which aretheresult of the gentrification process, making itself real in their space. In the first part of the article information about genesis and the course of gentrification with the characteristic of the main actors’ groups taking part in it is addressed. The second part of the article is devoted to the description of changes being experienced by local communities. Conclusions included in the end concentrate around consequences of progressive gentrification process for local communities and attempts to set a path to prevent negative aspect of theconsequences mentioned.
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Context impacts a start-up founder’s behavior, activities and choices. This study uses the three founder identities introduced by Fauchart and Gruber (2011) Darwinian, communitarian and missionary to classify Israeli start-up founders who have created diverse products. It presents an innovative context-based interpretation of Tikkun Olam – which in Hebrew means ‘making the world a better place’ as a possible explanation for the relatively large number of Israeli start-up founders who were found to have a hybrid identity.
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This study is part of a broader study that examined the correlation between cognitive, psychological, and behavioural abilities in parents and their children. It focuses on the correlations between attitude to disability and the integration of people with disabilities among parents and their children. This study is a two-part integrated study. In the first part, the data were collected and analysed according to a quantitative methodology to examine access to disabilities, the integration of people with disabilities, and the factors that influence attitudes, feelings, and willingness to integrate with the general population. In the second part, the data were collected and analysed according to a qualitative methodology in order to examine the relationship of attitudes of parents and their children towards people with disabilities and the integration of people with disabilities.
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Social support is essential for mental and physical health and plays an important role in reducing the risk of returning to prison. The main sources of prisoners’ social support are relatives with whom they have the right to communicate using a variety of forms. The frequency of contact depends on the type of prison. However, little research examines prisoners’ communication with their relatives. The study was conducted on 478 men between the ages of 16 and 68 (M = 35,2; SD = 9,7), who were serving a prison sentence in one of five penitentiary facilities. The analysis revealed that the majority of incarcerated men had contact with their relatives, usually in a form of phone calls. The majority of them had contact with a mother. The study also demonstrated that the percentage of contacts with relatives decreased with age and time spent in prison.
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“Blind football” was initiated in the last century. What has significantly contributed to its development are newly established organizations, the primary goal of which was to manage various forms of activating people with visual impairment. Popularisation of “blind football” is a long-term, complicated process, in which a plethora of factors are involved. The aim of this article is to reflect on “blind football”, especially on the problems with spreading it. Most of all, the article is an attempt to define the mechanism of the functioning of “blind football” in the sphere of meanings of contemporary culture.
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The article in a person representing the trait of an individual trait and a person of a sports trainer with intellectual disability and a personality traits leader with an intellectual personality and a personality traits leader with an intellectual personality.
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The definition of doping in the World Anti-Doping Code is an important instrument of international politics. While implications are obvious for the professional athletes participating in Olympic Games, they remain vague for the broader society – the followers of the Olympic struggles. The article is an attempt to indicate the problem faced by society, international institutions and states, trying to pursue an effective anti-doping policy. It presents a comprehensive description of one of the largest doping scandals with the participation of the Russian authorities in 2013–2014 and the results of the author’s research on society’s knowledge of doping in sports. Public awareness of banned substances and methods may turn out to be crucial while assessing the actions of governments and international institutions. Society may have insufficient knowledge about doping and may be unaware of its role in politics on an international scale. An ani-doping policy is a part of state policy, so it impacts the way of benefiting physical culture which is one of the areas creating the public sector.
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