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Many English-language illness narratives dealing with the experience of madness address the issue of parent-child relationships and their role in the development of mental disorders and their treatment. These texts closely reflect psychological theories about the aetiology of mental health problems dominant in the time of writing. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the way family relationship are depicted in illness narratives written in the last fifty years. The article first looks at the pathographies penned during the popularity of anti-psychiatry, which blamed faulty parenting for the rise of psychosis (such as Mary Barnes’s autobiography co-authored with her psychiatrist Joseph Berke, R.D. Laing’s collaborator). Later, it analyses texts which reflect the controversial findings of the so-called recovered memory movement, which claimed the experiences of childhood sexual abuse are often repressed and lead to multiple splitting of personality. The classic example of such a book is Flora Rheta Schreiber’s Sybil. Finally, more contemporary memoirs are presented, such as the works of Elizabeth Wurtzel or Marya Hornbacher as well as books written by parents whose children have been diagnosed with mental illness and who often had to battle prejudice attributing their children’s problems to neglect or cruelty on their part. Comparing these pathographies proves that writers interpret their life experiences according to the prevailing cultural script.
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Review of: Marcin Filipowicz, Configuring Memory in Czech Family Sagas. The Art of Forgetting in Generic Tradition, Rowman & Littlefield | Lexington Books, Lanham–London 2022, ss. 218
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Until recently, it could be said that the discourse related to lettering did not go beyond the narrow framework of the theory of graphic design. It was reserved for experts in typography and rather unavailable to regular “letter users.” However, in recent years we have witnessed a phenomenon that could be called a typographic turn. It may be assumed that the typographic turn essentially manifests itself in two ways: the first is the popularization of knowledge concerning typography on the Internet, while the second is the transfer of discussion about letters from the hermetic circle of typography to other domains, such as sociology or cultural history. Thus, the question arises: who has the tools to speak competently about letters? As researchers of culture, we can easily see a design of various objects or its elements: packaging, streets, advertisements, applications or interfaces, depending on the medium we are particularly interested in. If we are specialists in the field of literature, we may notice book design, and in exceptional cases also its impact on the reception of literature (futurism in its various variants, or even more broadly understood avant-garde, concrete poetry and last but not least, liberature). But who among the researchers of culture, literature, language can notice the design of letters? The essay presents this problem from a broad perspective. The author refers to works on graphic design theory and confronts them with studies on culture and literature. This juxtaposition reveals some common ground, but also irreconcilable differences between the two discourses.
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The essay’s author considers the possibility of distinguishing the form of non-human biography (zoobiography) in contemporary literature. In the first part of the essay, the author reconstructs four paths researchers have followed so far in animal studies. In the following parts, however, he addresses the problem of the biography of companion animals as a form increasingly popular at a specific historical moment, characterized by a change in the treatment of non-human characters. Currently, animals cease to play the role of slaves and subordinates. In many narratives, their status is similar to that of children. They deserve care and attention because they are full members of families. The author’s intention of the essay was not so much to codify the rules of the model biography of the animal but to see several possible variants of its implementation. The increased knowledge about the dangers to which companion animals are exposed and health prevention causes people to remodel their relationship with animals. The moment of illness and later death turns out to be crucial to emphasize the importance of the encounter with non-human existence and the impact it has had on the person. The essay’s author noticed many narratives, the characters of which are companion animals. These narratives are prompted by moments of crisis (long-term illness or dying), but writers rarely give up on placing themselves in a projected story about the fate of an animal. The reflections undertaken in the analyzed narratives can be described as temporary (related to the death or illness of an animal) and leaning into the future (they concern the moment of losing one’s own health and fitness). Zoobiographies have multiple functions: they give animals immortality, relate the last stage of their lives and force writers to settle accounts with a being that passes (noting mistakes, abuses, and moments of happiness). The contemporary phenomenon of zoobiography will be associated with linguistic, moral and social changes. The imperative influences their popularity to immortalize companion animals. Their lives are worth commemorating, as are human family members. The practice of creating a zoobiography allows you to trace the individual characteristics of animals, their predispositions, advantages and disadvantages that make them individual, distinguishable, and unique beings.
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This paper investigates, from a psycho-sociological perspective, notions of self-reflection and the human condition in the Greco-Roman world during the ancient period, focusing on the social constructionism of personal characterisation. In this context, Marcus Aurelius, one of Rome's most remarkable philosopher-emperors, was considered an exemplary, wise, and moral leader during a tumultuous period marked by wars, epidemics, and betrayals. The positive image of Marcus Aurelius has endured in history due to the efforts of recording and transmission of this depiction in ancient sources, which emphasised the enrichment of imperial power with attention to the philosophical form. Both within the Stoic doctrine and from the perspective of symbolic interactionism, the human condition is perceived as a result of social construction and subjective interpretations, in which the individual has the power to shape their own experience and create their reality. Qualitative research methods associated with symbolic interactionism emphasise individual experience and understanding of the world, being helpful in explaining broad social changes and the agency of participants. This perspective provides a broad framework for analysing interactions that shape social architecture through which the image of Marcus Aurelius is propagated.
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Departing from traditional approaches to literature, this article endeavors to establish a meaningful connection between Latour's Network Theory and accounting research. Employing qualitative research methods, the accounting literature has been subjected to analysis, yielding insightful outcomes. Results reveal that the sociology of translation is slowly being accepted by accounting researchers and acknowledged as a valuable methodology for gaining insights into accounting practices. Recent contributions to the scholarly discourse use the actor-network theory to explore topics related to corporate disclosure practices and the adoption of international standards. Accounting change has been portrayed as a translation process. Through this convergence, the realms of Latour's network theory and accounting research find resonance, offering a promising avenue for insightful explorations and nuanced understandings of accounting phenomena, thereby enhancing our holistic understanding of the discipline.
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Review of: Слободан Ковачевић: Ајдучија, Пале, Dis company, 2023, 146 стр.
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A model of crisis management of a pandemic nature in the field of health care is derived, based on leadership styles, personality traits, and types of organizational culture. Hospitals in Sofia, Plovdiv and Stara Zagora were studied - 376 doctors, nurses, administration in a crisis situation of pandemic nature Covid-19. According to the raised hypotheses, socio-psychological methods were applied: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), developed by B. Bass and the questionnaire of Donelan and colleagues (The Mini-IPIP – International Personality Item Pool), adapted by Sonia Karabelova and colleagues for the Bulgarian socio -cultural context. Data were processed in SPSS var. 26. The results of the research show that crisis management in the healthcare sector relies on charismatic influence, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation, and the dominant personality traits of leaders are openness to new experiences, purposefulness, cooperation.
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This text deals with the bioethical analysis of biotechnologies and biomedical interventions for healthy children to achieve a better life for them. The study of such a situation requires that the relationship between respect for autonomy and beneficence should be considered from two perspectives: first, from the perspective of parents as holders of the right to make decisions about the treatment and improvement of their minor children (the principle of respect for autonomy). In that case, parents are guided by the principle of benevolence and paternalistically demand interventions with new bio-medical technologies to make their children's lives better, that is, to improve them. Another approach to the same problem refers to the pressure of children on their parents to provide them with a better life through medical interventions that are increasingly imposed as a social, gender, and aesthetic demand and promoted as an exit of "social suffering," to which individuals who do not meet such requirements are exposed. Bearing in mind both aspects, we analyze the possibility of solving emerging social problems through the potential transfer of the principle of autonomy (owned by parents) to the creditors of the right to make decisions regarding medical interventions for healthy children. Such concerns become particularly relevant given the complexity of the old question: Do parents see their children as an extension of their motives and ambitions? In that case, instead of the decision of the children and the family, an active role in deciding on the implementation of the interventions above should be played by independent professional and ethical commissions, which assess whether the holders of the right to make decisions aim to treat or improve healthy children and that these interventions would be possibly more adequate before some invasive application of biotechnological means.
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With this paper author wants to explore the reason why there are fewer men than women in a church. The paper presents that there is no basis for a generally popular explanations for this phenomenon, such as the thesis that men are proud, but that this seems to be mostly influenced by an unbalanced church experience that suits women more than men. Simply put, churches get the results for which they are designed.
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The author of this paper has tried to deal with the communicational, symbolic and functional role of mosque architecture. Since its first form, at the time of the Prophet Muhammad, throughout history, the mosque was the epicenter of not only religious, but also cultural identity of Muslims; the mosque coordinates time and space of Islamic community, and plays a very important role in maintaining the system of values of Muslims. From the masjid, throug small local mosque, community centre complex, large state mosque, to „megamosque“, the mosque plays an important role in messaging cultural and religious identity to its audiences.
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This article explores the genesis and establishment of the idea of human rights and fundamental freedoms. The relationship between human rights and religious concepts is explored.
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Rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses a wide range of services aimed at improving the functional capacity, independence and quality of life of individuals who have experienced disability, injury or health problems. An important aspect of rehabilitation is the patient-centered approach. Each rehabilitation program is tailored to the specific needs and goals of the individual. This personalized approach recognizes that no two patients are the same and successful rehabilitation requires a holistic understanding of their unique conditions. Globally, disparities in access to rehabilitation services persist. Factors such as economic, social and geographic barriers can limit access to these vital services. Rehabilitation is a dynamic field that is constantly evolving in response to advances in technology, changing demographics, and a growing understanding of human health.
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This paper explores the role the digital platform Facebook playsin mediating the operational dynamics of extreme right organizations in Serbia.Emphasizing the functional potential of this digital platform, we delve into itscapacity to disseminate information, propagate political goals, mobilize members,construct collective identities, and orchestrate actions among right-wing extremistsin Serbia. As political activism continues to thrive in the online sphere, and withthe right-wing ideologies gaining increasing prominence in the last three decades,our study seeks to shed light on the essential role of the Internet in shaping thesedynamic processes. The paper presents findings from a comprehensive qualitativeand quantitative analysis of two Facebook pages, affiliated with one formal andone informal far-right political organization —Serbian Right and Serbian Honor.The objective is to gain insights into the different strategies employed by politicalorganizations in utilizing digital platforms.
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Organizational digital development requires new competencies frommanagers. The aim of the research was to establish the relation between the assessedlevel of the companies` digitalization and the assessment of the required level ofdigital competencies for managers in different managerial positions (operational,middle, and executive). The respondents included 97 professionals employed ina human resource department who filled an online scale the digital developmentlevel in companies and a modified scale based on the European digital competenceframework. The results show that the higher assessment of the organizational digitaldevelopment predicts the higher level of required digital competencies, regardlessthe managerial position, followed by the main effect of the managerial positionon the required level of digital competencies, with no differences in competencydomains. They indicate the importance of the organizational setting in the contextof the expected digital competency, as well as the existing differences in the levelbut not in the domain requirements for competencies related to the managerialposition. Findings should be interpreted in the context of the limitations stemmingfrom the sample and the fact that both assessments were carried out by the samerespondents who might not be the experts in organizational digital development.
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Based on the review and analysis of scientific and trade unionliterature, as well as the comparison of various primary and secondary researchdata at the level of descriptive statistics, this paper aims at answering some of thequestions that arise in relation to the attitudes of young people in Croatia towardstrade unions: the various reasons for young people’s non-membership or reducedmembership in trade unions, the increase in young people’s distrust of trade unions,and the question of how familiar young people in Croatia are with collective labourrights and, in general, with the work and activities of trade unions in Croatia.The theoretical and empirical findings, presented and analysed, as well as theconclusions of this paper, could contribute to a better understanding of the attitudesof young people in Croatia towards trade unions, and could have an applicationvalue in the design of labour rights education programmes in the framework ofcivic education, as well as in the implementation of various activities to attract newmembers among trade unions themselves in the Republic of Croatia.
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This essay examines how a combatant’s moral status – a complex social phenomenon – impacts on attempts to promote public conversation about truth and justice. A wide range of discourses about combatant status appear in different countries and different cultures, visible in attitudes towards the separation of soldiers from society, in discussion of criminal acts conducted in time of armed conflict, and in discourse about apologies in post-conflict political transitions. Many scholarly explorations cast both transitional justice and the moral status of combatants as fixed cultures, viewing them through the lens of a relatively old and elitist sociology. This may cause the dominant parties’ default approaches to talking about combatant guilt to appear immune to discussion or change. Alternatively, social expectations placed on combatants – and the way they are judged and stigmatized when they fall short of those expectations – can be understood by paying attention to a ‘lower’ or more ‘popular’ level of social activity, by using more pluralistic tools and perspectives present in post-structuralist sociology. Instead of focusing solely on competitions regarding crucial political and military decisions, this wider picture may help to explain larger difficulties in terms of the reintegration of combatants and with respect to public expectations regarding recognition and apologies for committed crimes.
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Since the 1992–1995 war ended, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has been going through a troublesome process of transition, characterised by dependence on humanitarian aid, and by difficulties in reaching or keeping employment, which often affected women even more than men in all categories of the population. When it comes to supporting employment, no special reasons have been identified to conduct projects focused on gender equality. Labour market does not appear to provide equal access to men and women, regardless of the law, and Roma women have even more limited right of entry, putting them in the least favourable position in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian society. The purpose of this article is to map the scope of these challenges. Furthermore, many Roma women not only face the challenges of discrimination in majority society but also experience gender-based discrimination internally in their own communities because of strict patriarchal traditions that place them in constrained positions (Ravnbol, 2010, p.3). However, their voices are being more heard in the civil sector, demanding place in the public arena and in particular, equal treatment in the labour market. Still, for the wind of change to blow, more effort on several sides (Roma women, Roma community, and the society as a whole) is needed.
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