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Thanks to infotopia, which nowadays has a role of strengthening the interpersonal communication, building society networks and civilization development, utopia has an opportunity to overcome negative stigma, and during the XXI century will stop being considered as an enemy of the open society. We can only hope that colonized cyberspace will only symbolize creative powers of technological utopia.
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This paper is an attempt to examine what the language function is in the modern society, the society of virtual relations, with a focus on nicknames used on Italian chat lines. There are some studies on the Internet phenomenon and its peculiarity, however in human science they mostly refer to the social and psychological aspects. Still there are little papers in the field of linguistics, especially on the Italian language used in Internet. It is undeniable that the contemporary science is associated with many different fields, so taking into consideration their interdisciplinary character the present study is to investigate the social and linguistic aspects of how the virtual reality influences language, perception and social relations. We will concentrate on the users’ identities and their lexical representation in Italian.
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Rozważania podjęte przez autorki tekstów zamieszczonych w niniejszym numerze „Przeglądu Kulturoznawczego” dotyczą różnorodnych zagadnień związanych z obecnością kobiet w kulturze wizualnej Galicji – fotograficznej i filmowej – zarówno jako jej kreatorek, jak i odbiorczyń. Wybór obszaru dawnego zaboru austriackiego podyktowany jest chęcią podjęcia lokalnych badań, ograniczonych do historycznego (i mitycznego) terenu o wyrazistej, choć niejednorodnej, tożsamości kulturowej wynikającej z politycznych, ekonomicznych, społecznych, ale i kulturowych uwarunkowań.
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The article discusses the question why the German-speakers in Northern Italy’s South Tyrol province are only very rarely referred to as an Austrian minority, in spite of the fact that they were split off from Austria, and not Germany, in the aftermath of World War I. An analysis of the naming of German-speaking South Tyroleans in German, Austrian, Italian and English-speaking news media, which demonstrates a preference for terms such as “German-speaking minority” or “German minority” over “Austrian minority and equivalents, is followed by a discussion of three hypotheses to account for the situation. The author shows how the question of how to name the German-speaking South Tyroleans is closely intertwined with the issue of Austrian national identity and its re-orientation away from Germany in the aftermath of the Second World War. The author comes to the conclusion that the minority is not usually referred to as Austrian both due to the fact that it is difficult to include them in the young (civic) Austrian nation in a logically consistent manner, and due to the German-speaking South Tyroleans’ own inconsistent self-identification as Austrians.
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This article addresses issues which can be seen in the manifestation of ethno-nationalism in rock music. Concepts of nationalism and patriotism are illustrated by references to the literature on the subject. Polish national ideology is formed, for example, on a pragmatic concept of nationalism. A new direction in this work is an examination of pop-nationalism of rock music on the example of the Polish band “Horytnica”.
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Działania Drugiego Programu Zdrowia Unii Europejskiej (UE) „Razem po zdrowie” (2008–2013) koncentrowały się na trzech głównych celach: (1) poprawy zabezpieczenia zdrowia Europejczyków, (2) promocji zdrowia i zmniejszania nierówności w zdrowiu oraz (3) tworzenia systemu przekazywania społeczeństwu informacji oraz wiedzy na temat zdrowia.
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Many political changes during the last centuries caused that East Europe is inhabited bymany minorities. Early 90s brought many geopolitical changes in Europe, especially asa result of the collapse of Soviet Union independence were achieved Baltic Republics.These little countries with a small population have very high ethnic diversity. Nowadaysthe national minorities are quite important part of different societies but they have alsodifferent functional possibilities. In different countries they have different legal statuswhich influence on their situations.In the article, the author presents number and distribution of main centers of the Polishminority in the Republic of Latvia in the light of the results of 2011census. The studyalso shows the main activities of social organizations and the Polish minority schools inLatvia. In the research used the sociological method of in-depth interviews with theleaders of Polish organizations, which main aim was to find out the opinion of the mostactive and the most competent group of activists.
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The main aim of this paper is to analyse absorption of EU’s structural funds by Polish small towns. The special attention was put on spatial differences in structure and value of investments. The authors constructed a ranking of leaders and outsiders among small towns, as far as the value of contracted funds is concerned, in order to identify factors behind a success or a failure. Although in case of leader towns one can point out some similar features of all of them, this is much more difficult for outsiders. This lead to the point, that spatial diversity of EU’s funds absorption is probably cause also by some qualitative factors that are difficult to track using quantitative methods. The human capital of local elites could serve as an example of that.
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The subject of the presented research was projects co financed with EuropeanUnion funds realised in years 2007–2013 in small towns of Pomeranian Voivodeship.Projects which were included belong to three programmes: Innovative EconomyProgramme, Infrastructure and Environment Programme and Regional OperationalProgramme. The aim of the researches was study of the structure of projects according toits kind and town division. The other aim was to test if quantity of funds depend from thenumber of inhabitants, location and status of town. There are not many actual relationsbetween this features. Projects concerning transformation of public spaces weresystematised and analysed in more detail.
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Polish accession to the European Union has opened opportunities for localgovernment units on the acquisition of financial resources. Along with this many Polishcities, including especially those small received the opportunity to modernize anddevelop its economy, so far as the own resources which previously had smallmunicipalities usually do not allow to take up new projects, and allow only cover onlypart of the costs for the implementation of a specific project. After 2004 to benefit fromEU funds have gained all of the municipality, but not all equally take advantage of thisopportunity. The purpose of this article is to present and assess the use by localauthorities of small towns of EU funds to finance and investments for example, cities inthe region of Łódź in the years 2007–2013.
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Small towns in Poland undergo the metamorphosis related to both raising the quality of their space and increasing aspirations of their residents. The former results from enrichment of cities, including the effect of European Union subsidies, the latter is the outcome of opening to the world, to which media, the internet and easiness of travelling all contribute. However, young people are not interested in living in small towns, and they leave for larger centers to find better living conditions. Romanticism of small towns perceived from the outside fails to meet the daily reality. The paper presents the problems, with a number of examples, in reaching the expected quality of life of residents and the possibilities and methods to enhance standards, especially those which refer to spatial transformations.
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The process of accession to the European Union created many possibilities of realization of development plans in Polish cities. In the case of small cities the particular role takes funds of the European Union, which provide many local budget of investment enabling their realization. Despite the fact that EU funds effectively used by local governments in our country relieve the effects of the financial and economic crisis, they are not the only driving force for the development of Polish cities and municipalities. The study presents an attempt to analyze the use of the aid measures in the small towns of the Lower Silesia region in the years 2004–2012 and determine the possible connection of their size to the level of development.
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Until the Polish accession to the European Union, towns in Poland includingsmall towns did not have funds for revitalization of degraded areas. Although theactivities related to the revitalization started in the late 80's. If it had not been for the EUfunds, to this day a large part of Polish public space would not have been revitalized. In2004 Poland got an opportunity to support crisis areas and this support was used in thefirst programming period 2004–2006, as well as in the second one in the years 2007–2013. I indicate in this paper the example of Małopolska voivodeship, with particularemphasis on small towns of the region, which in order to get funds had analyzed theareas which needed the most support and inscribed projects for local revitalizationprograms so that their revitalization was possible by funds from the European Union.Therefore, the aim of this paper is to discuss issues related to the revitalization and a wayto get funds for projects inscribed in the local revitalization programs on the example ofthe small towns of Malopolska voivodeship.
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This paper analyses the effect of using EU funds for spatial transformations of urban-rural communes, rural communes and small towns (main commune’s centre). The research included three communes (Lanckorona, Słomniki and Alwernia) which feature different functional and spatial character. Lanckorona is a place of tourist and recreation nature, Słomniki support the surrounding agricultural areas, and Alwernia is an industrial location. The applications filed by the above communes for using EU subventions are summarised in terms of effectiveness (the applications accepted vs. rejected), and then the applications financed in terms of their spatial nature (spot investments, linear investments and comprehensive investments). This paper, with examples, also depicts the spatial effect of the executed investments, and then presents observations related to the use of EU funds and the effect of the investments executed with them, both at present and in the future perspective.
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The article presents changes that have taken place in dairy cooperatives insmall towns after Poland’s accession to the EU. It analyzes a number of dairycooperatives in small towns, consumption of selected dairy products, net revenues fromsales of products. It also draws attention to the process of consolidation, product range ofdairy cooperatives as well as modernization of cooperatives. The analysis of the datashows that dairy cooperatives in small towns constitute over 39% of cooperatives unitedin KZSM – National Association of Dairy Cooperatives. Some of these cooperatives areamong the best in the country, for example: „Mlekovita” in Wysokie Mazowieckie,OSM Ryki, OSM Sierpc, or OSM Krasnystaw. Dairy cooperative „Mlekovita” hasregistered the highest increase in net revenues from sales of products, over 268% in 2010in comparison to 2004. Positive changes have been noted in dairy cooperatives in smalltowns after Poland’s accession to the EU.
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The paper examines the efficiency of the road transportation network in Poland, developed with the use of EU funds. The examined infrastructure investments increased the overall efficiency of the national transportation network, but in the process, they also increased the differences/inequalities in the level of spatial accessibility of various areas. It has been proved that smaller road infrastructure developments at a subregional level would have led to greater efficiencies in the overall efficiency of the national network.
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Łowicz is a town in central Poland, situated in the Łódź province with a very rich history, culture and tradition. The history of the city reached to year 1136 (the first information appeared in the Papal Bull); it was the economic, spiritual and scientific center at that time – there was a primate court. Łowicz is the capital of the Łowicka Earth inhabited by people traditionally called “Księżaki”. In the period of political transformation many economical, spatial and social changes had occurred: liquidation of large workplaces which resulted in degradation of the industrial areas, spatial and functional issues with railway areas situated in the city center, which have become a barrier to its development, social exclusion of people living in the historical buildings and reduction of inhabitants (year 1998 – 31,750 inhabitants, year 2011 – 29,606 inhabitants). There are major challenges which are standing before the city authorities: en-couraging young people to stay in the city and entrepreneurs to invest, redevelopment of brownfields, increasing the city competitiveness, improving a life quality of inhabitants, reducing social differences.
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Moscow is awaiting official notice from Prague about the possible repatriation of Oleg Vorotnikov, a founding member of Russian public-art collective Voina.
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Milorad Dodik’s defiance of ban on ‘Statehood Day’ plebiscite seen as bid to highlight weakness of Bosnia’s central authorities, pave way for secession vote.
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