ÎNSEMNĂRI PE MARGINEA UNUI RECENT VOLUM DESPRE DEPOZITELE DIN BRONZUL TIMPURIU SI MIJLOCIU DIN ROMÂNIA

Author(s): Bogdan-Petru Niculică / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2014

Within the fascinating and complex field of bronze-hoard studies in Romania, the monographic works published so far draw up a surprising image in terms of richness and typological variety thereof. Such a monograph signed by researcher Tudor Soroceanu (Berlin), one of the most competent specialists in the study of Carpathian bronze items, is analyzed in this note. His work, in which bronze deposits of the Early and Middle Bronze Age on the territory of today’s Romania are inventoried, is designed to criticize and complete one of the fundamental contributions in the research of bronze hoards: Depozitele de bronzuri din România (Bucharest, 1977), signed by the late academician Mircea Petrescu-Dîmboviţa of Iasi. By studying T. Soroceanu’s work in depth, the author of the present paper observes and delineates the critical accents thereof from the positive nuances of the volume published in 1977. A series of methodological remarks and opinions regarding the historical judgment of the phenomenon of bronze item depositing during the first two periods of the Bronze Age, which would have been particularly interesting from the book reviewer’s perspective, in T. Soroceanu’s work, are here with presented.

LES FIBULES GERMANIQUES DANUBIENNES DANS LE CONTEXTE SLAVE (VIe SIÈCLE)

Author(s): Michel Kazanski / Language(s): English,French Issue: 1/2013

The fingered brooches (fibulae), of Germanic tradition, belong to the Slavic material civilization of the 6th–7th centuries. They are well known from the sites of three cultures that most specialists consider to be Slavic, namely the one of Prague (ascribed to the Sclavenes of written sources, that is to the Slavs proper), the one of Penkovka (belonging to the Antes), and the one of Koločin, whose representatives remained without a name. But most of the finds under discussion actually represent “international” types, such as the “little” brooches designated as “Slavic” or “Danubian”; or the ones of local origin, such as those designated as “Antean” or “Dnestrian.” We propound a survey of the oldest fingered brooches discovered on Slavic sites. Their origin is Danubian Germanic, most probably Gepidic. They were unearthed in the territory occupied by the Slavs in the 6th century. Such finds could contribute to a better understanding of the formation of the Slavic woman’s costume at the beginning of the Middle Ages.

NOT THAT ORIGINAL AFTER ALL: THE CHRONO-CULTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC ON THE BISTRIȚA VALLEY (NORTHEASTERN ROMANIA)

Author(s): Mircea Anghelinu,LOREDANA NITA,Leif Steguweit / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

From the initial researches in the 1950’s, the geological and archaeological sequences preserved on the Bistrița terraces have been constantly thought to provide a remarkably complete chronicle of the Upper Paleolithic in eastern Romania. The local Pleistocene geological archives hosted Aurignacian, Gravettian, Epigravettian and Swiderian layers. Various chronological data and cultural interpretations accumulated in the following decades granted the local Paleolithic some unusual features, such as the bizarrely young chronology of the Aurignacian technocomplex (27–21 kauncal. BP), involving its partial contemporaneity with the local Gravettian (24–16 ka BP). Based on a previous critical reassessment of the original lithic toolkits the present paper attempts at assembling the most important results recently obtained through new archaeological researches in several settlements in the area (Poiana Cireșului, Bistricioara-Lutărie I and III, Bistricioara ‘La Mal’). A consistently revised chrono-cultural framework is proposed. The key changes involve a virtually complete rejection of an Aurignacian occurrence and an improved chronology of the Gravettian/Epigravettian technocomplex, now overtly related to several better documented sequences along the Prut and Dniestr rivers.

AMERICAN STUDIES AND CULTURAL PERCEPTION OF THE USA IN BELARUS

Author(s): Liubou Uladykouskaja / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Purpose of Article. The purposes of the article are to define features of cultural perception of the USA and analyse general tendencies in the development of American studies in modern Belarus. Methodology. The research methodology is based on using descriptive method and the method of system analysis, which allow us to describe and analyse necessary training programs, the contest of materials, publications in mass media, and interviews, conducted by the author. Structural and functional, historical, anthropological, and axiological scientific methods provide a comparison of the American and Belarusian cultural spaces in their integrity. Deduction and induction, abstraction, generalization were also used. Scientific novelty. This article is devoted to the cultural perception of the USA and American Studies development in the contemporary Belarus. Conclusions. In Belarus, the most part of people knows about the USA too little. Negative and positive cultural perceptions of the USA exist among Belarusian citizens in parallel. After intensive development in 1990-s, American Studies in Belarus have been falling since 2000-s. Nowadays, American Studies are only a part of several predominantly culturalogical, historical and literature university courses. There are no any special courses or training programs on American Studies, neither any statistic nor analyses on the issues. To develop constructive Belarusian-American cultural dialogue it is hence necessary to provide more objective information about the U.S.. New American Studies courses and training modules for universities (including regional) can become the serious step in that direction.

The Bulgarian-Byzantine Treaty of 927 (International Law Analysis)

Author(s): Emil Aleksandrov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1993

България, албанският национален въпрос и берлинският атлас на Димитьр Ризов от 1917 г.

Author(s): Georgi N. Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2012

За едно дарение - признателност към предците и послание към поколенията

Author(s): Elena Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2011

Uskoks’ War Economy and the Making of the Early Modern Empire

Author(s): Isao Koshimura / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2016

The intention of the author is to make two articles, which could serve as a departure point for a comparative analysis of Uskoks and Wako piracy. In this, first, article, the author intend to discuss the case of Uskoks. He will address selected processes and phenomena from the history of Uskoks that can later be used as analytical units in the comparison of Uskoks and Wako. First, the author will question the relation of the Habsburg Empire with the neighboring powers as a basis for the comparison of the foreign policy of the Ming Empire. These two empires reached a major turning point and had the problem of the pirates in each in the latter half of the 16th century. Second, he will address the people called Vlachs. These were semi-nomadic cattle breeders who lived across the Balkans, who served in various imperial military units, and who made a large part of the Uskok population. The religious affiliation and ethnic background of Uskoks were rather complex, as well as in the case of East Asian pirates. Third, the author will discuss the policy of the Habsburg Empire towards the Vlachs, in order to compare the Habsburg policy with the Sea Ban policy of the Ming Empire applied to the Chinese marine commerce. Finally, based on reading and research, he decided to typify the activity of the Uskoks as the ‘war economy’ in order to later make a distinction with the case of Wako. Concerning the term ‘war economy’, this paper focuses on economic contingencies and activities in the state of war during the early modern transition period.

Shuicheng Li and Lothar von Falkenhausen (eds.), Salt Archaeology in China, Volume 1. Ancient Salt Production and Landscape Archaeology in the Upper Yangzi Basin: Preliminary Studies, 2006; Volume 2. Global Comparative Perspectives, 2010

Author(s): Marius Alexianu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Документи на езика на с. Бобощица, Корчанско (РАлбания)

Author(s): Luchia Antonova-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2011

The article discusses the basic linguistic features of the Statute of the public body "Kai nas" founded in 2006 in Korchan region, Republic of Albania. Special attention is paid to the advocates of stb. rb, ra, A, to the traces of decayed nazalizam, to the reflexes of protoslavic * tj, * dj, to the marked figurative meanings of the verb greda

Население Западной Македонии в преддверии Русско-турецкой войны 1877–1878 гг. (по донесениям русского консула в Битоле В.А. Максимова)

Author(s): Marina Frolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The article, based on published and archival documents, highlights the situation in Western Macedonia after the Great Eastern Crisis of 1875-1878 broke out; it explores the issues of perception of the Uprising in Herzegovina and Bosnia, events of 1876 among the population of the multi-ethnic Bitola Vilajet of the Ottoman Porte and the influence of these events on the status of the Christian population.

In the Indelible Footprints of Truth: Writing Narrative History, Finding Historical Narrative

Author(s): Gregory Dekter / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

This paper analyzes varying methodological approaches to the transference of both testimony and artifact in constructing written history. It follows two contemporary texts, each of which attempts to accurately and sympathetically portray the lives of specific Jewish families in the periods prior to and during the Second World War. The fundamental question of the paper has to do with determining the degree to which an author/historian may emplot himself/herself or his/her subjective voice into an explication of historical events, while maintaining fidelity to those events. In Hayden White’s terms, this constitutes “the fiction of factual representation”, that is, “the extent to which the discourse of the historian and that of the imaginative writer overlap”. Only by contrasting texts that operate differently - a mostly traditional historical approach set against a modern narrative approach - can we develop a vocabulary for tracking memory and postmemory transference. This paper, configured as a comparative textual analysis, shows that a delicate balance between objective data and subjective insight is the only viable way to extract clarity from what we understand as collective memory.

Protivzdušná obrana – 20 let od rozdělení Československa

Author(s): Miroslav Krátký,Vojtěch Májek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2013

The defence of air area was always of vitally importance, both for fighting off an aggressor or enforcing our own goals in offensive operations. The article deals only with one of "pillars" of air defence (AD), namely by active means of its land elements. We do not deal with active elements of flying segments, reconnaissance means and command and control systems of Air Force. The authors not only recapitulate the development of active means of land AD elements on the territory of the Czech Republic with the emphasis on the past 20 years, but at the same time they would like to highlight the importance of this arms for effective country defence.

Първият „цивилизационен колапс" в Третата българска държава

Author(s): Trendafil Atanasov Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

The author examines the adverse consequences for the Bulgarian society during the  20-year transition to democracy that began in the country on November 10, 1989.

Начало на българската политика по македонския въпрос

Author(s): Jaroslav Rubaha / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

The article examines the preconditions and initial period of development of  Bulgarian policy on the Macedonian issue, which is understood as a matter of national  liberation and unification of the Bulgarians in Macedonia with their compatriots from other  Bulgarian provinces. Arose during the epoch of national revival out of the independent  church movement, which resulted in the creation of the Bulgarian Exarchate (1870), after  the Russo­Turkish War (1877­1878), the Macedonian issue is taken up by the restored  Bulgarian state.

Еще один германский след в Крыму

Author(s): Igor Khrapunov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The cemetery of Opushki is located in the central area of Crimean foothills. In 2004, a fragment of an unusual handmade vessel was discovered in a dump made by the grave diggers. In the bottom and three areas of lower walls there were perforations filled with inserted pieces of colourless glass. Ceramic vessels with glass insertions are well known in the lands populated by the Germans. Their especial concentration is in the basins of the Elba and the Oder. According to the distribution and the number of finds, Germanic origin of the tradition dating to the Roman period of making glass insertions into the bottoms and walls of ceramic vessels is doubtless. There is one Germanic grave discovered in the cemetery of Opushki. It comprises a cist, which contained almost a half of a hand-made vessel, filled with calcinated bones of a 4-to 5-year-old child. Vessels with glass insertions were not discovered in the Crimea before. It is generally accepted that hand-made vessels were not an article of trade and, obviously, they were not attractive as trophies of war. Therefore, we have to suppose that the vessel with glass insertions was made by a bearer of Germanic tradition who appeared in the Crimea. The grave with cremation in a cist also testifies that Germans buried in the cemetery of Opushki.

Грифовые кинжалы Евразии: восточные параллели одной причерноморской традиции

Author(s): Denis A. Topal / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2017

In 550—500 BC, an original series of akinakai with realistic ornithomorphic pommel appears on the territory of European Scythia and this group is not related to the Early Scythian production centers. Apparently, the appearance of these ornithomorphic and zoomorphic pommels fits into the framework of the common Eurasian tradition. During this short period of time the daggers with the pommels in the form of opposed heads of birds of prey appear on the entire territory of the Scythian world. We can highlight several areas where these daggers were most popular: the Volga-Ural region, Zhetysu, Western Siberia and Northern China. Most likely, the role of the original area (where the image canons and morphology of the griffin dagger were formed) could be assigned to Central Asia consisting of Altai, Tuva and Minusinsk Hollow. The abundance and diversity of species of griffin daggers could confirm this idea. There are very original items among them which are very specific only for Altai-Sayan region: daggers with griffin pommels and hilts decorated with sitting predators.

Относно произхода и значението на някои селищни имена в Петричко

Author(s): Anna Choleva-Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2009

The names of the settlements are one of the most precious proofs for their history. They contain information which due to the language means (etymological analyses) presents proofs for the rise, the origin and the meaning of these names.

Спомени на македонския българин Григор Пенджерков

Author(s): Atanas Kremenliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2009

Ireny Stawowy-Kawka. pt.: Historia Macedonii, Ossolineum, Wroclaw-Warszawa— Krakyw 2000 (Проф. Ирена Ставови-Кавка. История на Македония. Издателство „Оссолинеум", Вроцлав — Варшава — Краков, 2000)

Author(s): Andzhey Malinovsky / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2009