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The paper discusses the particular problems marketing practice encounters in the pharmaceutical sector, investigating some of their underlying causes. The span of the pharmaceutical sector is then restricted to veterinary pharmaceutical marketing, as a domain in which not the clients themselves are targeted, but their physicians and owners, which are to decide on their behalf. If pharmaceutical marketing, in general, is to be doomed as manipulation, which would be the implications of marketing pharmaceutical products to third parties, with no consent from the beneficiary? The marketing tools and marketing contexts will be analyzed, in an attempt to estimate the efficiency of various approaches.
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In this work, we discuss the concept of brand and, after a brief presentation of the origins of it and its relationship with trademarks and quality marks, we propose a new perceptual map to compare two similar brands. This perceptual map is inspired by a scheme used in quality control, specifically in the capability of a technological process evaluation problem. We advance also a proposal to use so-called "deprivation index" (belonging to Townsend) which may be considered as a fraction defective in judging the quality of a certain system. Relevant references related to these ideas are also given in the text.
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The paper presents the methodology of calculating the cost per student equivalent with the unfolding of all the components of this cost, regarding its usage as an instrument of financial management of universities. This methodology allows the universities to determine the real cost per student, which can be compared to the cost per student equivalent to, on the basis of which the financing of the universities is being grounded from the budget.
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The purpose of this study is to present the meaning of the vision and mission statements for a university, in a strategic management reference. We will consider the vision and mission statements of some known world class universities, in order to illustrate the essential points of such formulations. Then, we will perform a critical analysis of the existing vision and mission statements of the Academy of Economic Studies from Bucharest and suggests new statement formulations, as they are essential elements for university strategy.
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In any place on earth, the goods and services producer has a unique goal- the profitthe bigger that can be. If he knows that he can attain its goal only if he produce the good or service with the smallest cost possible, smaller than the price itself and also if he finds clients to buy it. That’s why for the producer is as much important to find solutions for production, highly efficient, and to know the motives of buying its goods and services, to know: who, what, from where, why, when, how and how much and how often, in another way, knowing why people answer in a certain way to the products and services offered, why do they have a certain attitude towards them. This conduct in buying and/or consuming goods or services is reflected in consumer behaviour. In the last decade, one of the most essential problem of the production companies is knowing how consumers are going to answer to several stimulus used in order to attain their end goal- a big profit. Studying consumer behaviour become marketing specialists preocupation, since they can find out how do consumers choose their products and services wanted for satisfying their multiples needs, what are the stimulus, factors that influence their choice.
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According to Human Development report, firstly it is not the quantity that matters, for the human delopment, but the quality of economical growth. Very often, the governments, especially the ones in transitory countries, don’t consider the improvement of the quaqlity of economical growth and the extension of people’s possibilities to choose, as important problems. Usually, they are preoccupied with other aspects of transitional process, such as the stabilization of microeconomics, the accomplishment of the budget, the promotion of external politics, putting aside its importance, structure and quality and, what’s most its influence on human development the experience of several transitory countries from the last decade, showing the fact that there is no direct connection between stability, economical growth and human development. For these reasons, human development needs to take part in to debates regarding public politics and included in the agenda of the decisional process. What we need not ignore is the fact that, defining the concept of human development goes beyond the income per inhabitant, the human resources development and the basic necessities as a measure of the human progress and it is necessary that, starting from this year on, some factors are submitted to evaluation: human development and inequality, social justice, international assistance for development and international commerce which could relieve the potential of human development.
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Bringing forward the concepts of globalization and cultural management is no longer surprising nowadays. The organizations’ concern for performance led frequently to adopting some strategic options that go beyond the national space of origin and rely, to a greater extent, on the globalization phenomenon of production, market and capital. The success, under these circumstances, is conditioned, to an impressive extent, by the cultural context and by the managerial competence of capitalizing the aspects that result from this diversity of values, customs, beliefs and local traditions. We will analyze in the present article the process of internationalization that involves more and more companies, the difficulties generated by the cultural differences existent in the host countries and the importance of their integration in the strategic choices of the successful economic organizations.
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The study considers the major influence of the Psalms on the praying habits of the believer. Regardless of the confession, through their moralizing ideas, the messianic references and last but not least the believer’s intense seeking of God, the Psalms have become since a long time main prayer book of humanity. Furthermore the Psalms had a major influence on the Romanian literature. Even the written culture of the Romanian people began with the translation of the religious texts, such as the versification of the Psalms by bishop Dosoftei, which was, for a long time, a guiding mark and a reference for Romanian poetry. The Romanian poets, such as Dosoftei, Eminescu, Arghezi or Vasile Voiculescu were deeply impressed by the Psalms. It is characteristic that they did not focus on the aesthetic, but rather on the spiritual functionality, and on the permanent connection between man and God. Thus, a large part of their literary work is entitled Psalms or borrows motifs from the Davidic Psalms.
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The analysis reflects on the challenges faced by theological education in general and biblical / New Testament studies in particular, in different European regions. Recent development includes a progressive decrease in traditional churches’ membership and theology students number, the special evolution of the theological departments of state universities, the transition from classical theological departments to combined, i.e. theology-religious studies departments, the isolation of the church-subordinated theological institutions from scholarly environment, the expectations expressed by the society. In this context the paper proposes an overview of the major contemporary tendencies in New Testament studies, including a review of the most important books of New Testament theology, and formulates some theses regarding the tasks of theological / biblical research and education
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The opinion about the Markan priority divides New Testament scholars. For the last few years some argued for Matthean priority adhering to the Griesbach-hypothesis. Those who sustain the “two-document” hypothesis see in Markan priority the only acceptable explanation. Among these an important role is played by the supporters of the Farrer – Goulder hypothesis. They acknowledge Markan priority, but dispense with Q stating that Luke used Matthew in addition to Mark. Today even the “two-document” hypothesis is regarded as too old. Modern research raises an increasing number of questions. The gospels were probably formed in parallel and exercised mutual influence. The circulating earliest versions played an important role in the formation of the other ones. The paper summarizes the main arguments for Markan priority: most of Mark’s material appears in Matthew and Luke, the last two often omit Markan material but the omissions differ; Matthew and Luke follow Mark in order; Mark seems to be more precise when he presents Jesus’ humanity and the disciples’ lack of comprehension; Mark’s style seems to allude to the account of an eyewitness; Matthew and Luke differ in their genealogy but their material corresponds with each other from the point where Mark starts. Mark’s priority can be challenged by Matthew and Luke’s omission of entire paragraphs. The free borrowing was partly influenced by the congregational situation in Matthew. The paper also addresses the arguments against Matthean priority. Mark cannot be considered the abridgement of Luke and Matthew.
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Culture is usually defined as a complex of acts and attitudes generating designation (Umberto Eco), which induce in the social communities certain dispositions of behavior and of information. However, encyclopedias underline the relationship existing between culture and cult. The most exhaustive document which describes this relationship is the Bible. As for many other European cultures, the Bible is the starting point of the literary language for Romanian culture, as well. The first partial translations are the Palia from Orăştie (1582), the New Testament from Bălgrad (1648). The Bible from Bucharest (1688), the Romanian translation of the entire Bible was realized at the initiative and expense of Şerban Cantacuzino, and was published in 1689, during the reign of Constantin Brâncoveanu. The Bible from Bucharest remains a remarkable monument of our old literature, similar in importance to Luther’s Bible translation for German literature. The study deals with the phase following 1688, namely the means through which some texts and some biblical themes have been presented in the Romanian literature and culture. The teachings of Neagoe Basarab to his son, Teodosie, are the most famous monument of Romanian thought and feeling, although it was originally written in Slavic. The chroniclers were also influenced by the Scriptures. Udrişte Năsturel’s first literary work is represented by some verses of homage found in Pravila from Govora, translated by Mihail Moxa. The work O Podrajanii Iisus Hristu (1647), translated from Latin into Slavonic, is in fact a translation of the Imitatio Christi. Another chronicler, Miron Costin is one of the pioneers of Romanian lyrics. He is the first Romanian scholar to write a philosophical poem, The life of the world, inspired by Qohelet. A final part of the study reflects the influence exercised by the Bible on Romanian poetry
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The Apostle Paul’s discourse in Areopagus (Acts 17,15-34) means the start of the fight between the worlds of the first Christian century: the Christian world, formally represented at that time by a single man – Paul, and the heathen culture, supported not only by the financial and moral authority of the state, but also by two main philosophical directions, the Stoicism and the Epicureism. Among all the discourses of the Apostle Paul, marked in the Book of Acts (13:16-41; 20:18-35; 22:1-21; 24:10-21; 26:2-33), the discourse from Athens is a missionary one, specially addressed to the heathen Athenians, to citizens of Greek language and not to the Jews and having a more theological than Christological message, but with an indirect reference to Christ in its final part (v 31). Due to the lack of kerygmatic elements, which are present in the other missionary discourses of Saint Peter or Paul, the Athenian discourse expresses rather the reaction of a Jewish-Christian intermediary placed in front of the Greek-Roman culture, the intellectual curiosity of Greeks and the heathen devotion
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