Piotr Uklański i sztuka zawłaszczania

Author(s): Marek Wasilewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

The article analyzes the art of Piotr Uklański in the context of so-called ‘Appropriation Art’. The author describes the artist’s most famous works, identifying their precursors and analyzing the qualitative and contextual differences between them. The text also refers to the wave of indignation among Polish artists Uklański triggered when he showed reproductions of works by Polish avant-garde artists from the 1970s at several exhibitions without obtaining their permission and presented them as his own work.

AGRESYVIOS KOMERCINĖS VEIKLOS DRAUDIMAS PAGAL NESĄŽININGOS KOMERCINĖS VEIKLOS DIREKTYVĄ

Author(s): Ieva Navickaitė-Sakalauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2015

After the adoption of Unfair Commercial Practices Directive EU consumer law acquis was complemented by a legal act ensuring consumer protection from unfair commercial practices, which was based on total harmonisation principle. This legal instrument introduces a special fairness assessment mechanism of commercial practices, which has a threefold structure and consists of a general prohibition against unfair commercial practices, specific prohibitions against misleading and aggressive practices (as concrete types of unfair commercial practices), and a blacklist of practices that will be deemed unfair in all circumstances. In such a way the text of Directive2005/29/EC provides general clauses, more concrete norms and, finally, ends up with a list introducing concrete proscriptions.The aim of this article is to analyse prohibition against aggressive commercial practices as one of the forms of unfair commercial practices. Having in mind that Unfair Commercial Practices Directive under its terms prohibits aggressive actions in respect of consumers, in this article pursuing greater legal clarity the particular attention is focused on the analysis of Directive 2005/29/EC provisions, specifically the concept of aggressive commercial practices, the ways in which aggressive commercial practices can be realised; additional circumstances, which have to be taken into account when assessing the aggressiveness of a concrete commercial practice; lastly discussing the concrete cases of unfair commercial practices provided by the blacklist. Together the relationship between the norms introducing the prohibition of aggressive commercial practices and the other provisions of the Directive are briefly examined.Eventually, the article analyses national case law and practice of State Consumer Rights Protection Authority performing alternative consumers’ disputes resolution, highlighting one of the most relevant problematic aspects when applying provisions prohibiting aggressive commercial practices - their novelty, complexity and application of general concepts often determines that in practice these provisions are applied inactively, there are not many examples of application. Because of that at the end of this article after summarizing the main results of the research, together with the main conclusions the author seeks to give guidance and suggestions for national courts and consumerprotection institutions in order to improve national practice in this field.

Piracki kodeks Poego

Author(s): Wojciech Hamerski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Gold Bug’ broke the bank in a literary contest sponsored by the Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper, earning the author the top prize of $100. Soon, however, allegations emerged that the writer had in fact stolen the idea from 13-year-old Miss Sherburne... At the same time, Poe vigorously tracked down the literary thefts of other poets and writers, including those whose ideas, and even entire stories, he himself pilfered. The history of double appropriation contained in ‘The Gold Bug’ can be used to describe the ambiguous role of the pirate-Poe in an era in which the problem of authorship and ownership, despite the Copyright Clause in the U.S. Constitution, is still subject to a code of power, sealed with an oath taken on crossed pistols.

SANTUOKA ISLAMO TEISĖJE: TRADICIJŲ IR MODERNUMO DERINIMAS MAROKO ŠEIMOS KODEKSE

Author(s): Rūta Žukaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2015

The article deals with the changes of Islamic law regarding marriage, identifies the causes of the changes, evaluates and represents Moroccan family code (Mudawana) and reveals regulatory shortcomings that existed before Mudawana. The research problem reflects the intersection of traditional and new law in Islamic state, when marriage gets new features.The traditional Islamic law, which forms the basis of Moroccan legal system, contravened the needs and values of modern society. In 2004 Morocco implemented family law reform to adapt 7th century’s religious norms to nowadays social environment while maintaining and ensuring the continuity of Islamic traditions. The core of the reform is to reorganize the family model so as to consolidate the Muslim community changes caused by urbanization, economic development and other factors, while retaining part of the codified Islamic law and social and cultural expressions of local traditions. Such regulatory changes are important not only for human rights and strengthening of the institute of marriage but they are also a tool to facilitate the adaptation of Moroccan citizens abroad. According to the rules of Islam, Morocco saved the content of classical marriage whilst making it closer to European (secular) model. Even though the new family code maintains fidelity to the Islamic provisions, it governs family with the modern spirit: identifies both spouses’ equality of rights and duties, restricts polygamy etc. On the other hand, even though marriage is registered as a civil contract, the fulfilment of certain marriage conditions remain based on religious norms. In addition, the Moroccan society, despite the modern family legislation, partially supports old traditions.Nevertheless, Mudawana confirms that using principle of law interpretation, Islamic norms can be reconciled with the demand of modern society and standards of international human rights. Thus, Islamic and Westerns legal tradition can find common traits.

Le projet culturel comme moyen de promouvoir et d’enseigner l’interculturalité et les langues étrangères

Author(s): Sorina Şerbănescu / Language(s): French Issue: 14/2015

L’Union Européenne soutient l’apprentissage des langues étrangères, vu quelles sont les vecteurs et les moyens d’expression de la diversité culturelle. Les langues étrangères peuvent être apprises individuellement, par les démarches personnelles des apprenants, dans un cadre institutionnel spécialisé (écoles, universités…) ou à travers certains projets culturels collectifs, entrepris au niveau d’une communauté ou même d’un pays. Ce dernier type d’apprentissage, plus complexe et plus enrichissant, relève également de l’éducation à la communication interculturelle. Le présent ouvrage se propose une réflexion autour de la philosophie, des démarches, des modalités et des instruments de mise en oeuvre d’un projet à portée multiculturelle, aussi bien qu’autour de son suivi et ses valences de porteur d’idées et d’expertise, censés de donner naissance et contribuer à l’implantation d’autres futurs projets similaires.

Diskursne oznake u medijskim izjavama Bosanskohercegovačkih Političara

Author(s): Ivana Zovko,Jelena Ostojić,Matea Karadža / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2015

Living in a complex country such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, where politicians are one of the most influential people, we shall try to make analysis of those politicians’ media statements, but from the linguistic point of view. e emphasis will be put on the usage of discourse markers in the statements in which politicians commented demonstrations held in all bigger cities in February, 2014. We shall also make the comparison with the markers used in the political discourse of the English speaking area. e introductory part will give theoretical hypotheses on the usage of discourse markers in Croatian and English, their function and the basic purpose. We shall try to prove that they are used very often in the political discourse in order to draw attention of collocutors to what they want to say or point out. e final chapters will give the statistical analysis of the mentioned markers usage and authors’ conclusions about which markers were used the most by BiH politicians, did they use them more or less than politicians from the English speaking area and did they manage to draw attention of demonstrators and other people who followed their statements in the media.

Die Rolle der visuellen Medien im DaF-Unterricht

Author(s): Ana-Maria Dascălu-Romițan / Language(s): German Issue: 14/2015

Die Beschäftigung mit visuellen Medien im Unterricht geht bereits schon auf das 17. Jahrhundert zurück, als Johann Amos Comenius mit seinem bildlichen Lehrbuch Orbis sensualim pictus den ersten Meilenstein setzte. Der technische Fortschritt und die digitale Medienrevolution haben wesentlich dazu beigetragen, dass auch der Fremdsprachenunterricht durch den Gebrauch der Unterrichtsmedien deutlich verbessert und erleichtert wurde. Wenn man die Entwicklung der Fremdsprachenmethodik zurückverfolgt, so kann man feststellen, dass die visuellen Medien in den letzten Jahren immer stärker an Bedeutung gewonnen haben. Durch ihren Einsatz im DaF-Unterricht (Deutsch als Fremdsprache) wird nicht nur das Verständnis der zu vermittelnden Kenntnisse erleichtert, sondern auch die aktive Teilnahme des Lernenden gefördert. Dieser Artikel versucht zu zeigen, wie die Verwendung von Unterrichtsmedien und von visuellen Elementen dazu beitragen kann, die Qualität des DaF-Unterrichts zu steigern und bessere Lernergebnisse zu erzielen.

Uczestnictwo w kulturze a uczestnictwo w mieście. O kapitałach kulturowych i różnorodności stylów życia mieszkańców dużego miasta

Author(s): Mateusz Błaszczyk,Michał Cebula / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Artykuł podejmuje problem relacji między organizacją przestrzeni miejskiej a sposobami życia ujmowanymi poprzez wzory konsumpcji. W społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym wzory te mogą być definiowane jako indywidualne strategie akumulowania kapitału kulturowego. Odgrywają one zasadniczą rolę w tworzeniu tożsamości osobistej oraz służą podtrzymywaniu i komunikowaniu statusu społecznego. Konsumpcja staje się także motorem miejskiego odrodzenia. System miejski organizuje możliwości oraz dostarcza zasoby do konsumpcji, a w rezultacie – umożliwia realizowanie określonych sposobów życia. W tym ujęciu przestrzeń miejska staje się areną rywalizacji różnych orientacji konsumpcyjnych. Rezultaty badań socjologicznych zrealizowanych we Wrocławiu ujawniły pięć ogólnych kategorii mieszkańców, wyróżnionych na podstawie intensywności i sposobów uczestniczenia w kulturze. Analizy praktyk konsumpcji czasu wolnego pozwoliły zidentyfikować pięć typów miejskich układów (przestrzeni) organizujących i umożliwiających określone formy konsumpcji. Wyniki wskazują, że sposób wytwarzania i organizowania przestrzeni miejskiej faworyzuje określone kategorie mieszkańców: tych, którzy zorientowani są na uczestnictwo w postmodernistycznych, indywidualistycznych i skomercjalizowanych formach kultury.

Dyskursy (nie)pamięci w przestrzeni miasta

Author(s): Natalia Krzyżanowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

W artykule chciałabym zastanowić się nad tym, czy są możliwe (i jak) we współczesnej przestrzeni miejskiej wizualizacje znaków (nie)pamięci. Zagadnienie to zostanie omówione w świetle socjologicznej refleksji nad znaczeniem przestrzeni i miasta oraz na przykładzie szkicu ewolucji pomników: od tradycyjnie rozumianych, wznoszonych w przestrzeni publicznej po to, by upamiętnić jakieś wydarzenia lub wybitną, ważną dla zbiorowości osobę ku antypomnikom/antymonumentom jako współczesnej, krytycznej reakcji artystów na to, czym jest historia, pamięć zbiorowa, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tego, co z nich wypierane. Jako przykład możliwej, wielorakiej interpretacji antypomników w przestrzeni miejskiej analizie poddana zostanie idea upamiętnienia realizowana przez Guntera Demniga zatytułowana „Stolpersteine”.

Wszyscy jesteśmy cyberżulami

Author(s): Katarzyna Trzeciak,Michał Sowiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

Interview with Łukasz Podgórni, Leszek Onak and Piotr Puldzian Płucienniczak from artistic and publishing group Rozdzielczość Chleba

Poezja

Author(s): Jacek Uglik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

*** [tak, / żyjemy w lesie] / wiersz na rok maj '12

Poezja

Author(s): Piotr Gajda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

Wyniesienie / Zmiana środków transportu

Rivers of Babylon 3

Author(s): Peter Pišťanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

(fragments of novel)

Razvoj Kulture i Njezina Uloga u Životu suvremenog Čovjeka

Author(s): Krešimir Tabak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2015

A perception according to which the world is evil represents a lamentation old as the history is. That opinion is so important that even Kant starts one of his works with it and entire contemporary philosophical discourse, from Schopenhauer and Kierkegaard till modern era, does not throw into doubt the mentioned statement, but it takes it as the light motive of their own thinking. It is clear that people could not feel differently in the prehistoric and at the beginning of historic period. Nature superiority, contingence of one’s own creature and tribe hierarchy did not leave any choice. But it is a mystery why their descendants firmly stick to the perception from the beginning of this text in the period when even phones are smart. Civilization achievement enabled man to travel across the ocean, to go to the Moon, distance communication as well as many other possibilities which were impossible even in fairytales. It stays under question if the hundreds years old artifacts made a modern man happier and more satisfied and if his life is fulfilled more than his ancestors’ life. Referring to the chosen critical approach, this paper tries to enlighten the given topic. It does that by reviving Freud’s awarded work from 1930 called Das Unbenhagen in der Kultur. Unpretentious innovativeness of the paper is reflected in putting Freud’s theses about culture development in the selected discourse or in the society of significant contemporaries such as Nicolai Hartmann and Albert Camus. e interdisciplinary insight into crisis situation, which was felt in all scientific fields and arts and which was proved here by Freud’s thoughts and viewpoints of the mentioned philosophers, was developed on that humanistic basis.

Z niepokoju rodzi się bunt

Author(s): Adam Mazur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

Interview with Andrzej Turowski, Polish art critic.

XIX-wieczne badania ludoznawcze na obszarze Łotwy w świetle korespondencji Stefanii Ulanowskiej do Jana Karłowicza

Author(s): Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2014

Letters, which are the basis of the article, are a part of Jan Karlowicz’s (a 19th century ethnographer, lexicographer) heritage kept in the historical archive in Vilnius. They are evidence of correspondence between Jan Karłowicz and Stefania Ulanowska, the author of Łotysze Inflant Polskich, a w szczególności z gminy wielońskiej powiatu rzeżyckiego since October 1889 until January 1890 during Ulanowska’s stay in the village of Wielony, now Viļāni (Latvia). The correspondence is a source of rich material including information about Ulanowska that has not been published so far as well as data of Latgale’s and its inhabitants’ past. Moreover, it is a unique evidence of scientific peregrinations. These letters have their contribution in ethnographic research on the former territory of Poland as they show circumstances and methods of exploration used in the 19th century. At the same time they can be an interesting gloss for research over Latgalian dialects as far as names of material culture are concerned.

Mogućnost Komunikacije u Svijetu Višeznačnosti

Author(s): Mate Penava / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2015

The main focal point of the paper will be the problem of communication. is problem will be addressed from multiple angles, with the theoretical viewpoint typical for philosophy. General questions like the possibility of communication and its sources will be presented through some specific problems like the problem of following a rule, critique of essentialism and an adequate theory of communication or, more specifically, conversation. Authorities in this field, like Frege, Wittgenstein, Searle, Kripke and Grice will be consulted to provide a background for the theses of the paper.

Siostry

Author(s): Lucyna Marzec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

This article presents and interprets the relationship between two sisters, the popular poet Kazimierza Iłłakowiczówna and her unknown sister, Barbara Czerwijowska, who was also a poet and who helped Iłłakowiczówna in her creative work (as an editor and advisor on translation matters). The article considers the illegitimate origins of the two women, the different paths they took in terms of education, career and their personal life, and their shared passion for writing. The article compares two lyrical poems written by both women and dedicated to their sister, and writings about the sisters contained in Czerwijowska’s partially unpublished "Memoirs" and in letters Iłłakowiczówna wrote to her sister.

Dwa listy do Barbary Czerwijowskiej

Author(s): Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2014

Párbeszéd a Végtelennel, párbeszéd önmagunkkal

Author(s): Máriás József / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 07/2012