JAK USTALAĆ POZIOM GRAMATYCZNOŚCI WYPOWIEDZI?

Author(s): Edward Łuczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2015

The point of departure for the analyses presented in this paper is the conviction that there is no good method of determining the grammatical level of a text in Polish. The number of errors in any statement is only seemingly a proper indicator of grammaticality. This is because grammatical errors occur very rarely in typical Polish texts and moreover can be casual mistakes or their nature is questionable. The author of the paper suggests developing a method in which the main indicator of the level of grammaticality of any text is the number of grammatical units being a part of the grammatical level of the system. What appears to be particularly useful in this method in the case of Polish is other than basic infl ectional forms and close syntactic connections (based on accommodation).

POPULIZACJA WIEDZY O JĘZYKU NA PORTALU NATEMAT.PL

Author(s): Magdalena Steciąg / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2015

The shape and effectiveness of linguistic popularisation in Poland has recently become an object of interest to many linguists. The paper presents the currently emerging distribution model of the knowledge of the Polish language in the postmodern communication space of the Internet. The research material has been derived from Natemat.pl, a portal serving general information purposes, where many texts touching upon the issues of language are published. Its genologicallyinclined analysis, which allows for socio-communicational considerations of the statement, leads to the conclusion that the model is populising rather than popularising in nature. The proposed differentiation permits a more precise characterisation of forms of disseminating knowledge about Polish. It is also diagnosed that it will spread and therefore requires observation by linguists.

POPRAWNOŚĆ JĘZYKOWA W INTERNECIE (NA PRZYKŁADZIE FACEBOOKOWYCH FANPAGE’Y)

Author(s): Aleksandra Urzędowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2015

The paper takes up the issues of linguistic correctness among Internet users. It is presented on examples derived from two Facebook pages (“Słownik polsko@polski” (“Polish@Polish Dictionary”) and “Poprawna polszczyzna” (“Correct Polish”)), the nature of which is similar to linguistic advisory services (e.g. ones operating at the University of Zielona Góra, the University of Lodz, Institute of Polish Studies at the University of Silesia in Katowice). Comments of fans on the indicated pages were subject to analysis, which proved high interest in the issues of linguistic correctness among a number of Internet users, engagement in writing comments, taking part in language games.

JUSTYNA POMIERSKA, PRZYSŁOWIA KASZUBSKIE. STUDIUM Z PAREMIOGRAFII I PAREMIOLOGII, Gdańsk 2013, ss. 696

Author(s): Hanna Makurat-Snuzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2015

HALINA WIŚNIEWSKA, MILCZENIE I PISANIE MAŁOPOLSKICH PAŃ W WIEKACH XVI–XVIII, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2013, ss. 370

Author(s): Marta Piasecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2015

M. MARCJANIK (red. nauk.), JAK ZWRACAJĄ SIĘ DO SIEBIE EUROPEJCZYCY, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Dziennikarstwa i Nauk Politycznych, Warszawa 2013, ss. 419

Author(s): Anna Wajda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2015

TA SAMA, LECZ NIE TAKA SAMA POLSZCZYZNA POLAKÓW Z ZAGRANICY, CUDZOZIEMCÓW I RODZIMYCH UŻYTKOWNIKÓW JĘZYKA

Author(s): Ewa Lipińska,Anna Seretny,Przemysław Turek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

This text is an attempt to look at the processes taking place in the Polish language from the perspective of educated Poles from abroad and foreigners learning out language. The two groups, despite apparent differences, have something in common: they both experience the feeling of linguistic alienation when interacting with Poles in Poland. This feeling results from the fact that, contrary to Poles, they tend to use the standard variety of Polish. Their language is thus the same in theory but not exactly the same in practice. The same – as its command let them participate without problems in majority of communication events. Not exactly the same as is significantly differs from the one used by Poles on the everyday basis. It is plain, devoid of innovations (neologisms, borrowings, etc.) which nowadays are present not only in unofficial but also in offi cial utterances and statements of Polish users. The text illustrates the issue of linguistic otherness/alienation with examples. It also strives at showing how this phenomenon might be counteracted both with respect to foreigners learning Polish and Poles from abroad.

POZAJĘZYKOWE CZYNNIKI KSZTAŁTUJĄCE FONETYCZNĄ I FONOLOGICZNĄ ADAPTACJĘ ANGLICYZMÓW WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POLSZCZYŹNIE

Author(s): Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

The paper undertakes the complex and largely neglected issue of the phonetic and phonological adaptation of English loanwords into Polish examined from the perspective of language-external factors involved in this phenomenon. They include the channel of borrowing (spoken, written and mixed), the period of time in which a word was borrowed, the degree of bilingualism of the target society and the nature of the source accent (British English and/or American English). On the basis of a rich body of language data it is shown how these factors contribute to the ultimate shape of anglicisms in Polish.

TOŻSAMOŚĆ OBCOKRAJOWCÓW W POLSCE: NA PODSTAWIE SOCJOLINGWISTYCZNYCH BADAŃ ICH ŚWIADOMOŚCI JĘZYKOWEJ ORAZ ŚWIADOMOŚCI KOMUNIKACYJNEJ

Author(s): Anna Suchodolska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

The paper presents an analysis of individual and collective language awareness of immigrants living in Poland. The language awareness of my respondents refl ects their communicative awareness: they analyse all language phenomena from the communication viewpoint. The respondents’ stereotypes and communicative experience infl uence the communication process. The article discusses the fear of aggression (language aggression) and two attitudes toward identity: 1) conservative attitude and 2) disintegrative yet innovative attitude [Dubisz 2014, 20]. Language universalism has been characterized as a reflection of an innovative attitude toward identity. A European identity and global identity result from respondents’ willingness to integrate into a new society for economic reasons.

GRAFIA DAWNYCH CZASOPISM POLONII BRAZYLIJSKIEJ (NA PRZYKŁADZIE „GAZETY POLSKIEJ W BRAZYLII”)

Author(s): Izabela Stąpor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

This paper discusses the problem of spelling in the press published by the Polish community in Brazil and the infl uence the Brazilian Portuguese spelling has exerted on it. The material basis is more than 100 issues of „Gazeta Polska w Brazylii” („Polish Paper in Brazil”) of 1893–1911. Relying on the collected data, numerous spelling features proving the impact of Portuguese spelling were recorded in the weekly, e.g.: applying Portuguese diacritics, employing letters and diacritics absent from standard Polish, using letters such as k and c, s and z in a hesitant manner, as well as doubling certain letters (like in Portuguese words, e.g. processya under the infl uence of Port. procissão), failing to standardise the use of capital letters. What results from the analysis of the material is that spelling in journals published by Polish communities abroad – in isolation from the spelling of general Polish and under the infl uence of the graphic system of Portuguese – has undergone signifi cant changes.

O UNIFIKACJI SŁOWNICTWA MNIEJSZOŚCI NARODOWYCH W ZSRR NA WYBRANYCH PRZYKŁADACH Z RADZIECKICH ODMIAN POLSZCZYZNY I NIEMCZYZNY (OKRES MIĘDZYWOJENNY)

Author(s): Jolanta Mędelska,Maria Jankowiak-Rutkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

The authors briefl y present the history of two largest national minorities in the USSR: Poles and Germans. They outline their faith in tsarist Russia and in the Soviet Union. Their common history and everyday life resulted in the development of certain shared characteristics in the languages used by Soviet national minorities, in particular in their lexis, which is the authors’ focus. The paper points to circa 30 lexical Russicisms occurring in local variants of Polish and German. Some of them, e.g. ambar and Ambar, bałanda and Balanda, mużyk and Muschik, were used even as early as in tsarist Russia, others occurred after the revolution, in the 1920s and 1930s. New borrowings, common to Polish and German, are mainly Sovietisms (e.g. basmacz and Basmatsch, komsorg and Komsorg, smyczka and Smitschka) and lexis, the frequency of which has significantly increased in the new socio-political conditions (e.g. batrak and Batrak, putiowka and Putjowka), including orientalisms taken over from Russian (e.g. kiszłak and Kischlak). The paper presents mainly lexical units analogous to Soviet Polish and German, that is formal and semantic calques (see examples above) as well as derivational calques and semi-calques (e.g. Ger. Cheftum or Dorfsowjet), semantic calques (e.g. Pol. dziesiętnik) and derivatives formed based on a Russian root (e.g. Pol. batraczka and Ger. Batrakin).

KOMPETENCJA KOMUNIKACYJNA POLSKOJĘZYCZNYCH BUŁGARÓW W KONTEKŚCIE INDETERMINIZMU KARLA R. POPPERA

Author(s): Magdalina Mitreva / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

The aim of these studies was to select a set of representative linguistic errors resulting from the influence of the primary language and the target language at some stage in the acquisition of a foreign/second language and the analysis of the command of Polish among Polish-speaking Bulgarians. The application of Karl Popper’s principles allowed a comparison and visualisation of the results of the analysis of the material by clearly presenting the characteristics of quantitative mistakes in a readable form of a table and charts, a detailed classifi cation of the material, and gave a clear picture of their performance characteristics.

POLNISCHES LESEBUCH, LEXIKON UND SPRACHLEHRE KRZYSZTOFA CELESTYNA MRONGOWIUSZA, CZYLI (NIE TYLKO) GRAMATYKA JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO

Author(s): Agnieszka Frączek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

MAREK CYBULSKI (RED. NAUK.), WYBÓR TEKSTÓW Z DZIEJÓW JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO, t. I: DO POŁOWY XIX w., ss. 630; t. II: OD POŁOWY XIX w., ss. 689, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2015

Author(s): Stanisław Dubisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

ANNA CEGIEŁA, PAWEŁ KUCIŃSKI, LAURA POLKOWSKA, MARZENA STĘPIEŃ, STUDIA Z ETYKI SŁOWA, Dom Wydawniczy ELIPSA, Warszawa 2014, ss. 237

Author(s): Monika Kaczor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2016

STAROPOLSKIE TŁUMACZENIE HYMNU ŚW. PAWŁA O MIŁOŚCI Z RĘKOPISU NR 1399 BIBLIOTEKI KSIĄŻĄT CZARTORYSKICH W KRAKOWIE CZ. 1

Author(s): Mariusz Leńczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2016

The object of the description is the Old Polish translation of St. Paul’s Hymn to Love from manuscript no. 1399 from Biblioteka Książąt Czartoryskich (The Princes Czartoryski Library) in Kraków. This paper contains the history of the manuscript, a description of the contents of the manuscript, and the edition of the Old Polish transliterated and transcribed text with comments. The first part of the paper describes the history of the manuscript from which the translation is derived and the manuscript itself in detail. The author refers to the research carried out by Stephen Christopher Rowell, who commenced studies of the manuscript in 2003. They have not been noticed by historians of the Polish language to date. The cause of this situation could be the limitations related to the low popularity of the journal where the relic was published, to the language of the publication – English, and to the method of preparing the transliteration. The second part of the paper is the edition of the manuscript 15th-century translation of St. Paul’s Hymn to Love prepared in accordance with Zasady wydawania tekstów staropolskich. Projekt (Principles of publishing Old Polish texts. Draft) [Górski et al. 1955].

NA MARGINESIE SPORU DOTYCZĄCEGO SPÓJNIKA ORAZ

Author(s): Elżbieta Wierzbicka-Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2016

PIERWSZE ZASADY GRAMMATYKI JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JÓZEFA MROZIŃSKIEGO

Author(s): Monika Kresa,Ewelina Kwapień / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2016

DZIAŁALNOŚĆ TOWARZYSTWA BIBLIJNEGO W POLSCE W ZAKRESIE PRZEKŁADÓW BIBLII NA JĘZYK POLSKI ORAZ ICH UPOWSZECHNIANIA

Author(s): Małgorzata Platajs / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2016

„BIAŁOSTOCKIE ARCHIWUM JĘZYKOWE” NR 14, Białystok 2014, ss. 353

Author(s): Martyna Sabała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2016