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4.60 €

Tarım Sektöründe Günübirlik Çalıan Kadınlar Sorunu: Kahramanmaraş Örneği

Author(s): Havva Yağcı,Vildan Kekil / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Women working in the agricultural sector have various problems. Most of these women work in their own jobs as unpaid family workers. In rural women, the risk of poverty is greater. Women who do not have a family’s land go to daily work in fields and gardens to contribute to the family budget. Women who are temporarily indifferent and work without any social security in these jobs are exposed to various dangers. In this study; The working conditions and living conditions of women agricultural workers who went to daily work in Çağlayancerit district of Kahramanmaraş province were examined. Within the scope of the research, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 20 women working in fields and gardens and the data were reached. The number of surveys was planned for 100 people, but data were obtained by applying a survey to 80 women. According to the data obtained in the research, it is seen that temporary agricultural worker women work in unregistered, socially unsecured jobs. It has been determined that these women, seasonal agricultural workers, gwho are daily, went to work in surrounding provinces and districts such as Malatya, Adıyaman, Gaziantep and Kahramanmaraş. Although most of the women working in daily jobs have a low level of education, a little high school graduates and university graduate women were also found. The work of women with high school and university education in these jobs prevents girls from being sent to school in families. Agricultural worker women go on the road at midnight to go to jobs nearby provinces and travel with inappropriate service vehicles. They work long hours in insufficient conditions in terms of hygiene and occupational safety in fields and gardens. Within the scope of the research, it was determined that women working in daily agricultural work dealt with intermediaries instead of employers. These people, who are instrumental for women to find a job, receive a significant part of the wages as a share. Women are at risk of occupational accidents. It has been determined that there are no necessary inspections and regulations regarding people working in the daily agricultural sector. It has been determined that a very large part of the women who go to Daily work are far from meeting their basic needs. It is also seen that these women working in fields and gardens are ignorant of insurance and other issues, especialy in occupational safety. Face with deep poverty, it is necessary to take steps to improve and record the working conditions of these women.

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Kadınların Güçlen(diril)mesinde Yeni Yaklaşım: Mor Yerleşkeler

Author(s): Nuran H. Belet / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The earthquake that occurred on 6 February 2023 in 11 provinces of Turkey resulted in a significant loss of life and property, thereby once again emphasising the issue of societal vulnerabilities in the aftermath of natural disasters. A series of needs assessments conducted by the United Nations, in conjunction with observations from women’s civil society organizations operating in the affected regions, have revealed that women and girls are confronted with significant obstacles in accessing essential services. Those who were pregnant or nursing, single, elderly or disabled encountered particular difficulties in obtaining the assistance and services they required with urgency. These challenges were particularly evident in rural and remote areas. In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Ministry of Family and Social Services provided invaluable assistance, but it was not the only organization to offer support. Women’s civil society organizations also played a significant role in providing aid to the affected regions.This study examines the “Purple Settlements” initiative, a support mechanism implemented by the Federation of Women’s Associations of Turkey (TKDF) following the 6 February earthquakes, both in the affected areas and in cities receiving displaced populations. This study will examine the founding objectives of the Purple Settlements initiative, the services it provides to empower women, and the mechanisms through which these services are made sustainable. Finally, it will evaluate the potential for the Purple Settlements to be adopted as a scalable model from various perspectives.

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Acil Obstetrik Kliniğe Başvuran Gebelerde Distres Düzeylerin Belirlenmesi: Şırnak Örneği

Author(s): İbrahim Uzan,Sevda Kaarakaş / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

This study was conducted to determine the distress levels of pregnant women who applied to the emergency obstetrics clinic. The research population was created by pregnant women who came to the pregnant emergency department of a public hospital in the Southeastern Anatolia region between May-2023 and July-2023. In calculating the sample size of the study with a known sample size, the number of samples was calculated as prevalence with a 5% error level and a 95% confidence interval, and 300 pregnant women were included in the sample. Introductory Information Form and Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TGDS) were used in pregnant women. In our study, it was found that the difference between educational status and TGDS total and negative affect subscale score averages was statistically significant. It was determined that the average TGDS score of women who had problems in their previous pregnancies was higher than those who did not. As a result, the study found that pregnancy, emergency obstetrics and distress were highly associated. It was determined that as pregnant women’s spousal support increased, their feelings of anxiety and anxiety during pregnancy decreased. It was determined that pregnant women with high income levels had low distress scores. Evaluating women not only physiologically but also psychologically during pregnancy has an important place in protecting the health of both the mother and the fetus/baby.

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Kadın Sağlığını Etkileyen Faktörler ve Ebelerin Rolü

Author(s): Maryam Azarnia,Ayşegül Dönmez / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Women’s health is an important field shaped by the complex interaction of biological, social, and environmental factors. Understanding these factors determines women’s lifelong well-being and directly influences societal welfare. Women’s health is a multifaceted process that encompasses various stages of life and holds a prioritized position in healthcare compared to other segments of society. Determinants of women’s health, as described in the literature, include various factors shaping women’s well-being on a global scale, such as sexual and reproductive health, gender equality, and the importance of healthcare delivery. Additionally, the significance of social factors like education, migration, employment, and violence in influencing women’s health is emphasized. This becomes even more crucial in developing countries like Turkey, where women constitute half of the total population. Women’s health spans various stages of life and is a priority issue in healthcare compared to other segments of society. Among the factors influencing women’s health, there is a complex relationship between biological determinants, socio-economic status, culture, and access to healthcare delivery. Even though pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum processes can pose health risks despite being healthy, priority should be given to women’s health. Access to family planning and contraception methods are important initiatives in preventing fertility-related issues in women’s health. Physical and mental health during adulthood are crucial for the healthy progression of children’s growth and development and concern not only women’s health but also the well-being of mothers, children, and society as a whole. This review, based on literature, aims to share information regarding the role of midwives in women’s health by emphasizing the health and social dimensions of factors affecting women’s health. Examining the various dimensions of factors influencing women’s health can contribute to evidence-based interventions and policies that affect public health and empower women for healthier, higher-quality lives.

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Aile Planlaması Uygulamasında Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar

Author(s): Selin Koç,Çiler Yeyğel / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Family Planning is a strategy to help individuals manage the process of starting their own families and having children. The aim of family planning is to recognize the freedom of individuals to choose the time, number and spacing of their childbearing and to create a healthy society. Evidence-based practices in family planning methods provide a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness, reliability and safety of family planning methods. Controlled clinical trials and meta-analyses of family planning practices provide evidence-based information on the effectiveness of these methods. Furthermore, the use of evidence-based approaches in family planning practices will ensure equality of access to health services in the community. In this context, this review was created by examining clinical guidelines, standards of care and evidence-based approaches to increase the effectiveness of family planning practices. This study aims to highlight the important contributions of evidence-based developments in family planning practices for health professionals, policy makers and the general public.

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THE FIFTH WAR GENERATION AND ITS GEOSTRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS ON THE BLACK SEA SECURITY DIMENSION: NEW TRENDS, NEW TENDENCIES

Author(s): Vakhtang MAISAIA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Paper considers and reflects new dimensions of New Cold War geostrategic balance implications at pan-regional (European) and regional (Black Sea) levels. Currently adopted new challenges in the military doctrine of the Russian Federation envisages engagement into two military conflicts simultaneously and constructed its strategic operational framework founded on incorporation of three combat elements: military, non-military and information warfare measures and proper concepts. Hence, it means that Russia can begin war-game scenarios at the same time against two neighboring nations as it occurs at time being against Ukraine and Georgia. A transformation of war strategy and geostrategic culture (it is a new jargon affiliated with cardinal shifting of strategic operational planning in wargame scenarios at global and regional levels). Hence, the process of geostrategic culture transformation occurring currently whilst introducing Fifth War Generation concept replacing the previous one due to the high technical achievements and technological introduction into the neo-modernist war dynamics itself. Generally to say, a fifth generation warfare is an attempt to accomplish strategic objectives through the use of propaganda and information attack vectors. It's carried out by unknown actors for unknown reasons. Even if the core enemy is identified, the victim nation will not be able to understand the purpose or end goal. The goal of the paper is to realize how the geostrategic cultural transformation takes place at regional level and reflection on what type of influence high-level technologies effect on war process itself.

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CALLING FOR MORE SECURITY IN THE EU: THE EFFECTS OF THE “GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR” TOWARDS SECURITY INTEGRATION

Author(s): Ligia NICULAE / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the transformative trajectory of Directive 91/477/EEC, tracing its transition from a predominantly market-oriented Directive to one underscored by security imperatives based on the global war on terror. The evolution of this Directive assumes significance against the backdrop of internal dynamics within the EU proving that in times of uncertainty, the Commission becomes the leading voice of change. This is the case of 2015, when the Commission assumed a proactive role in advocating for enhanced security measures as the main security threat of the EU was terrorism. Based on this, this article underscores the pivotal role played by Directive 91/477/EEC revisions in establishing cooperative endeavors among Member States in addressing emergent security challenges. By foregrounding the Commission's assertive stance amidst prevailing uncertainties within the EU, the 2017 revision emerges as a critical juncture catalyzing substantive policy reform at the EU level marking the path towards security integration of the EU. Despite divergent perceptions among Member States regarding the nature and gravity of security threats, this article contends that the Commission's leadership in navigating the complexities of European security dynamics has been instrumental in shaping the discourse and trajectory of EU policy on security.

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UNRECOGNIZED STATES AS A CHALLENGE TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

Author(s): Milena Palczewska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the issues of unrecognized states that function in the international environment. These are states that have declared independence but have not been recognized by other states. The article refers to terminological issues related to unrecognized states and the features that characterize them. The main aim of the article is to present states that are not recognized as a challenge to international security. This has been done on several examples. Moreover, scenarios for the development of the future of unrecognized states are analyzed.

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Celebrating 100 Years of Modern Quality

Author(s): Ioan BACIVAROV / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Quality, an omnipresent characteristic, with a profound impact on the entire economic and social life, recently celebrated this year a century since it was founded as a science. In the first part of the paper, the author analyzes how quality was founded as a science and analyzes the contributions of Walter Shewhart, considered as the "father of modern quality", as well as other quality gurus in this direction. The author concludes that quality is a dynamic concept, which constantly evolved in the 100 years of its existence. The evolution of quality in this first century of existence is analyzed and the prospects for the development of this important field are highlighted. Some of the Romanian Association for Information Security Assurance (RAISA)'s contributions to the implementation of cybersecurity (an important component of quality) culture are highlighted. Finally, some workshops organized under the auspices of RAISA in May 2024 in order to celebrate a century of modern quality are briefly analyzed.

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The Effect of the KiberPajzs Initiative on Fraud Detected in Electronic Payments in Hungary

Author(s): Gabriella BIRÓ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper examines what effect the KiberPajzs initiative has on fraud detected in electronic payments in Hungary for the 2023-2024 period. First the current electronic payment fraud landscape of Hungary is described through cybercrime tendencies, the impact of digitalization on banking, and the regulatory background of electronic payments. Then the KiberPajzs initiative is introduced together with its related communicational, regulatory and law enforcement projects. Finally, the recent quarterly payment fraud data published by the Central Bank of Hungary is examined and the effects of KiberPajzs are evaluated. The author argues that the decrease in the number and value of fraudulent electronic transactions and the increase in identified failed fraud attempts coincide with the activities of the KiberPajzs initiative.

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A National Security Perspective on Strengthening E.U. Civilian-Defence Cybersecurity Synergy: A Systemic Approach

Author(s): Niculae IANCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The integration of civilian and defence sectors within the European Union's cybersecurity framework has become a strategic priority, driven by the increasingly complex nature of digital threats to both national and collective security. This paper examines the need for a systematic approach to enhance civilian-defence cybersecurity synergy, emphasising the importance of coordinated efforts to address a range of challenges, including ransomware, state-sponsored attacks, and hybrid warfare. The study highlights the strategic importance of this integration for national and E.U.-wide interests, identifying key obstacles such as fragmented policy frameworks, operational cultural differences, and resource allocation disparities. To bridge these gaps, the paper proposes strategic solutions, including regulatory harmonisation, joint training programmes, and investment in dual-use technologies. The research underscores the critical role of a unified policy approach in facilitating efficient resource allocation, streamlined communication, and faster incident response. Additionally, it explores the potential of emerging technologies, such as AI and quantum computing, to strengthen cybersecurity capabilities across sectors. Ultimately, the integration of civilian and defence efforts within the E.U.'s cybersecurity ecosystem is essential for building a resilient, cohesive, and adaptive framework, ensuring the protection of digital infrastructure, enhancing national security, and reinforcing the E.U.'s global leadership in cybersecurity.

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Enhancing Cybersecurity for UAV Systems: Implementing NIS2 Provisions for Safe Drone Deployment in Albania

Author(s): Vilma TOMCO,Klorenta PASHAJ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become essential tools in both military and civilian applications, from surveillance to infrastructure monitoring. However, their increased use has raised significant cybersecurity concerns, particularly regarding vulnerabilities to cyberattacks such as GPS spoofing, signal jamming, and data link interception. This paper reviews the key cybersecurity challenges facing UAVs and explores mitigation strategies to enhance UAV security, with a focus on potential applications in Albania. Drawing on recent studies, we examine common attack vectors, including man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and unauthorized data interception. These vulnerabilities pose risks not only to the safe operation of UAVs but also to the integrity of the critical infrastructure they monitor. To address these issues, the paper proposes robust encryption protocols, real-time monitoring systems, and the integration of machine learning-based intrusion detection techniques to safeguard UAV communications and operations. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of aligning UAV security measures with the EU’s NIS2 Directive, offering recommendations on regulatory frameworks tailored to the Albanian context. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to UAV cybersecurity, combining technological innovation with stringent regulatory oversight to ensure safe and secure UAV deployment in Albania's rapidly evolving digital landscape.

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AR-in-a-Box: A Structured 8-Step Framework for Cybersecurity Awareness

Author(s): Ioan-Cosmin MIHAI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

AR-in-a-Box, developed by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), offers a comprehensive framework to guide organisations in creating effective cybersecurity awareness programs. Through a structured 8-step process, this toolkit helps organisations set objectives, secure resources, manage human capital, segment audiences, select communication tools, plan timelines, implement programs, and evaluate outcomes. This paper explores each step in detail, incorporating state-of-the-art research and real-world case studies to demonstrate AR-in-a-Box's effectiveness in fostering a cybersecurity-conscious culture. Through targeted communication, interactive elements, and performance metrics, AR-in-a-Box enables organisations to embed cybersecurity awareness and improve resilience against evolving cyber threats.

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Security of Digital Files: Audio Tampering Detection

Author(s): Sebastian-Alexandru ARGHIRESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In an age where most of the data we interact with daily is stored digitally, methods of checking its authenticity become more and more essential. This is especially true for sound, as the increasing public availability of AI models makes tampering with audio files easier than ever. In this paper, we will be investigating the current landscape of audio forensics as well as our new hardware-based solution for double encoding detection.

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Fake News

Author(s): Dan-Ion CĂLIN,Alexandru BARCAN,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The terms "fake news" and "falsehood" have become ubiquitous in contemporary society. They influence or alter the way in which people perceive reality. The challenge of combating fake news lies in its ability to evade detection and capture the attention of a growing number of individuals. It has the potential to alter the way reality is perceived, impact the reputation of institutions and organisations, and even pose a threat to national security by influencing perceptions of values and risks. In today's context, fake news has emerged as a significant vulnerability, with the potential to be exploited as part of hybrid warfare strategies. One proposed method for combating the spread of fake news is the development of critical thinking skills that are specifically designed to identify such information and mitigate its influence on personal beliefs and values.

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Operationalizing the Cyber Threat Landscape: Key Considerations and Challenges in Developing a Specific Organizational Program

Author(s): Costel CIUCHI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The landscape of cyber threats is multifaceted, encompassing a wide array of attack vectors, including distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, phishing, man-in-the-middle attacks, password-based intrusions, remote exploitation, privilege escalation, and malware deployment. As the sophistication of cyber threats continues to advance, coupled with the development of increasingly sophisticated evasion techniques, traditional security mechanisms - such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, and access control lists - are proving less effective in identifying and mitigating these complex threats. This underscores the urgent need for the development and implementation of innovative, more robust solutions to counteract the growing prevalence of cyber-attacks. The objective of this proposal is to examine the ENISA Cybersecurity Threat Landscape Methodology and explore potential advancements that integrate traditional decision-making frameworks with emerging cybersecurity technologies. As concerns over cyber warfare continue to escalate, nations must adopt adaptable cyber frameworks and methodologies capable of preventing cyber crises. Furthermore, these frameworks should foster greater international collaboration and participation in the ongoing global discourse on cybersecurity.

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Dynamic QR Codes: A Solution for Secure Mobile Payments

Author(s): Om Prakash YADAV,Ankit KUMAR,Kalash SHANDILYA,Shubhankar KUMAR / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Black and white barcodes have been employed recently to encode additional data inside of a designated area. A barcode is composed of gaps and bars that are ordered according to preset rules. However, as the demand for additional data storage increases, a new technology known as QR codes has been developed. However, security remains a major worry, so this is by no means the end. Mobile payment is necessary for mobile business. An easy-to-use mobile payment solution is needed to allow mobile users to execute transactions using their mobile devices in a reliable and safe manner. The purpose of this study is to give us dynamic QR code refreshes during financial payment. The paper's primary goal is to create and comprehend QR code technology in the context of today's global security environment.

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Artificial Intelligence - A Challenge of the 21st Century?

Author(s): Gabriel-Virgil TAUBER,Sergiu-Adrian VASILE / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Artificial Intelligence is an innovation of modern technology, a concept transformed into reality. It is the result of sustained work by talented computer science pioneers who have turned their dreams into reality. As we have shown in this article, Artificial Intelligence brings both opportunities and significant risks, given the access some people have to data and information that can influence our entire existence. Human specificity lies in the desire to overcome one's limits and to make one's everyday life easier. However, in a society in constant transformation, we must be aware that not everything that helps us is necessarily beneficial, and vice versa. The future will be the one that will judge the direction of the technology of modern society and our ability to adapt to new challenges. This revolutionary field represents an opportunity, but also a vulnerability, which prompts us to reflect and analyze: "How long will we use artificial intelligence before it starts using us?"

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Cyber Threats and Exploring the Sources of Cyber Threat Intelligence

Author(s): Adelaida STĂNCIULESCU,Constantin-Alin COPACI,Ioan BACIVAROV / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Cyber threat intelligence technology becomes a necessity in the context of the exponential evolution of information systems. The methods used by malicious actors are constantly evolving, becoming more and more sophisticated over time, thus making the task of security teams more difficult. This article aims to investigate cyber threats, providing information necessary to understand and detect the mode of operation of the attack, to then decline and disseminate it within the information systems to be protected. Advanced threat intelligence thus supports proactive monitoring of emerging threats by determining trends in the cyber landscape.

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Profile of Persons Who Act in the Field of Computer Criminality

Author(s): Vasile-Cătălin GOLOP,Natalia SĂVULESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article examines the profile of individuals involved in cybercrime activities, focusing on their psychological traits, motivations and technical skills. The study identifies common typologies of cybercriminals, ranging from individual hackers to organized groups, and examines the factors that contribute to choosing this type of illegal activity, such as social influences and opportunities in the online environment. The research hypothesis argues that individuals who commit cybercrime exhibit distinct characteristics that vary according to their goals and resources. The research method used combines case analysis with interviews and comparative studies, highlighting the diversity of profiles and the adaptability of offenders to emerging technologies. The results provide useful insights for implementing preventive measures and streamlining cybercrime investigations.

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