Co się dzieje z esejem i jego badaniem
Book review: Małgorzata Krakowiak, Mierzenie się z esejem. Studia nad polskimi badaniami eseju literackiego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2012, pp. 293
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Book review: Małgorzata Krakowiak, Mierzenie się z esejem. Studia nad polskimi badaniami eseju literackiego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2012, pp. 293
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The paper explores the notion of cyber attack as a concept for understanding modern conflicts. It starts by elaborating a conceptual theoretical framework, observing that when it comes to cyber attacks, cyber war and cyber defense there are no internationally accepted definitions on the subject, mostly because of the relative recency of the terms. The second part analyzes the cyber realities of recent years, emphasizing the most advertised cyber attacks in the international mass media: Estonia (2007) and Georgia (2008), with a focus on two main lessons learned: how complicated is to define a cyber war and how difficult to defend against it. Crucial implications for world’s countries and the role of NATO in assuring an effective collective cyber defense are analyzed in the third part. The need for the development of strategic cyber defense documents (e.g. NATO Cyber Defense Policy, NATO Strategic Concept) is further examined. It is suggested that particular attention should be paid to the development of a procedure for clearly discriminating between events (cyber attacks, cyber war, cyber crime, or cyber terrorism), and to a procedure for the conduct of nation’s legitimate military/civil cyber response operations.
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Despite the research by some authors on the Syrian Arab Republic and its stand in the Middle East Region, little is known about the perspective of the Syrian military, unofficially called the “elder statesman”, who rules this country. The overall image that emerges not only from the Arab media during the revolutionary year 2011 is ambivalent: lazy, corrupt, unpatriotic, apathetic soldiers with poor fighting spirits versus the Free Syrian Army newly formed in July 2011. This paper recovers some perspectives of the Syrian revolt and tries to answer, whether or whether not is the newly based military opposition in the country a real threat to the Assad regime. An analysis of historical background, Syrian veterans, relation between the official political doctrine and Islam brings new perspectives and own explanations that could even challenge some of the widely held assumptions about the Syrian military: 1) There is and won’t be any “civil war” in the Syrian Arab Republic at all; this conflict should be viewed as Islamic fitna and its roots come from the 1970’s. It is a regime strongly connected to rife corruption at the top ranks, hurting the morale of the lower, but stronger Islamic ranks; 2) Doctrinal relations between the Syrian army and official religious authorities in the Muslim world have been always tense; and 3) The Syrian army would have found the necessity of its own, inner transformation despite of the so-called “Arab Spring 2011”. This paper suggests that the character of the Syrian national revolt may be intended to reflect a deeper ideological antagonism between the Sunni and Shia Islam.
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The article analyses the evolution and the current state of radical Islam in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Chinese government considers Islamic radicalism as a serious threat, in particular in the Xinjiang region, which borders on some states in Central Asia as well as Pakistan and Afghanistan. The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate roots and historical development of significant groups, in particular the East Turkestan Islamic Movement – ETIM. In its next part, the article deals with the contemporary situation as well as the cooperation between Uyghur radicals and other radical Islamic movements, in particular al-Qaeda and Taliban, and their activities. The article concludes that contemporary Uyghur Islamic radicalism cannot be considered as a major security threat, since the activities of these groups have largely shifted to Pakistan and rather have the nature of a propaganda war.
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Without a national strategy for the defence industrial base, and its operationalization in specific policies, which would be pursued in an active, systematic and long-term manner, the Czech Republic will soon have no defence industry and be completely dependent on the import of defence equipment from abroad with a fatal impact on its defence, internal security, and its obligations to allies and partners in NATO and the EU. The article describes the benefits of defence industrial base, identifies trends in its development in the Western Europe and stipulates principles and recommendations, upon which a national strategy for the defence industrial base of the Czech Republic might be established.
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Nuclear warfare, being calamitous, is nevertheless, unlike popular perception, far from being apocalyptic. In the article, we consider possible scenarios of nuclear war in a multi-polar nuclear world, arguing that a democratic society has good chances of victory against a totalitarian nuclear-possessing state. Afterwards, we focus on two technical issues of primary importance – targeting doctrine and civil defense. We conclude that a steadfast and determined stance together with properly conceived and well planned policies for dealing with aggression is the price democratic societies must be willing to pay in order to effectively battle aggression at all levels.
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This article offers systematic view of a process of identification of security threats and, subsequently, their use in the making of strategic documents, notably the Security Strategy of the Czech Republic. It is not the aim of the authors to name or define such threats, but to present the process itself. It is paramount to any credible security strategy that it deals with the threat identification in the most precise fashion. The authors take reservations against the “catalogue” approach and claim the processes of prioritization and categorization to be essential for any policies derived from the security strategy, especially in times of economic need. It is also the 2011 final paper of the project “Trends, Risks, and Scenarios of the Security Developments in the World, Europe, and the Czech Republic – Impacts on the Policy and Security System of the Czech Republic” (TRS / VG20102013009).
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The publication of the White Paper on Defence during 2011 initiated a new round of discussions regarding the future of the Czech defence sector. Whereas the White Paper on Defence introduces a normative scenario describing the desirable development of the sector, this paper aims to outline one of the possible alternatives of future development – outsourcing of foreign military operations. It identifies basic trends determining the development in this sector, summarizes the generally accepted scenario as presented in the White Paper on Defence and puts alternative scenarios of foreign military operation outsourcing in contrast to it. The scenarios are based on the “what if” method and include summaries of its possible indicators and consequences.
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If the change in human nature from within is achieved, It will reect on the outside of the human, And if there is no change on the outside, Then the answers are to be found only within. Husro Bakeri The article presents reaction of the author to neoliberal strayings that are inclining towards anarchizing the system of upbringing. All neoliberal forms of pedagogy (black pedagogy, antipedagogy, summerhill-pedagogy etc.), with higher or lesser degree of passion, are gathered around one idea: Man is best brought up if not being brought up at all. Since it offers a variety of ideological backgrounds, antipedagogy has a growing number of its followers. With the intention to prevent a further expansion of this trend, the author advocates paradigmatic nature of anthropocentric upbringing that would grant upbringing that brings about inner spiritual transformation of man. This inner spiritual transformation enables human being to construct and organize their relations on bases of justice, creativity, cooperation and mutual respect. Every true change and development of a man and his reality entails the existence of balance of internal and external values. This paradigmatic aspect is in function of development of versatile contents of the term “upbringing”. It strives towards the ultimate, spiritual intelligence, i.e. harmony of mental spiritual and active forces in human personality.
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In this interview Dr. Aida Abadzic Hodzic discusses graphic arts in the sixties and the seventies of the 20th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but she also reflects upon the works of fine arts throughout Europe as well. The sixties and the seventies of the twentieth century have been exceptionally dynamic years in social, political and cultural history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dr. Aida Abadzic Hodzic discusses meanings and implications of terms “modern” and “postmodern”, stating that “the pluralism of postmodern era has turned into a norm that abolishes all the other norms”. She further explains why the term “urban” has lost its meaning in our BiH context. Primarily, it implies deterioration of specific urban values and the lifestyle. Bosnian and Herzegovinian cities were once the models of exceptional synthesis of various architectural epochs baring unique and attractive traits of European architectural theory and practice. The new structure of the government, however, sadly reflects in unhealthy, unplanned and often unattractive picture of our sometimes ago beautiful cities.
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The text offers a short comparative insight into participation of religious women in two largest religious institutions in Germany. Catholic and Protestant churches in Germany show that active participation of women in the works of religious community is essential. The Catholic Church employs 20. 000 of women, that is nuns, whereas the Protestant Church in its legislative, executive, administrative and consulting bodies gives equal rights of membership. The intention of this article is to initiate the movement that would bring about employment and participation of a larger number of women within the main bodies of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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The article presents a historical review of the position of women in general, and the Muslim woman in particular at the beginning of the 20th century. It is also a reminder about the research work published in 1976 done by Husein ef. Djozo, who in both written and spoken word often emphasized the need for education of women, he stressed that woman needs to have knowledge of Islamic studies and Islamic practice, but she also has a wide open door for gaining knowledge in other fields like politics, social or economic studies etc. The author of this article brings statistic data that shows rather significant number of women who got their degree from the institutions of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it also points out to the negligence on the part of the Islamic Community towards the female personnel that it produces.
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The author of the article with grief asserts that despite the fact that God by the gifts of the message of the Qur’an revealed Himself likewise to men and women, for many years, rather centuries on the world’s stage we are witnessing only “Islam of males”, where Muslim women are enslaved and are not offered the role of an equal partner. The author here appeals to the Muslim women to speak up about their issues, to interpret their faith, to interpret themselves in their faith, thus the Muslim women elite could be formed to articulate the position of women and manage fatwa in their own field and thus abolish the practice of having a spokesMAN!
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In this article author presents Al-Biruni, who is regarded as the most original and profound scholar of the Islamic era. He was born in Kath in todays Uzbekistan. He wrote over 140 works in various fields: astronomy, mechanics, geometry, history, jurisprudence and so on. He is considered to be the “father of geodesy”. From his remarkable opus we here bring some of his research work in hydrostatics and glimpses of some of his works in physical geography.
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Samedin KADIĆ - POTRAGA ZA SVIJETOM LJEPOTE - Nusret Isanović, Razumijevanje islamske umjetnosti, Islamski pedagoški fakultet i „El-Kalem“, Sarajevo, 2009. Samedin KADIĆ - POTRAGA ZA IZGUBLJENIM SVJETOVIMA SMISLA - Dželaludin Rumi, Tajne uzvišenosti, preveo Munir Drkić, „Bookline“, Sarajevo, 2011. Berin BAJRIĆ - GAZELI AHMEDA HATEMA BJELOPOLJAKA NA ARAPSKOM JEZIKU - Gazeli Ahmeda Hatema Bjelopoljaka na arapskom jeziku, Mirza Sarajkić, Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu, Posebna izdanja XXXIX, Sarajevo, 2011. godine, str. 156. Šejla MUJIĆ, Orhan JAŠIĆ - BIOETIKA I ODGOVORNOST U GENETICI - Iva Rinčić, Bioetika i odgovornost u genetici, Pergamena, Zagreb, 2007. Amir ZIMIĆ - KAD BI KOSTI MOGLE GOVORITI - Kad bi kosti mogle govoriti: kazivanja o genocidu i zločinima nad Bošnjacima 1992.-1995., Salih Smajlović, El-Kalem i “Preporod”, Sarajevo, 2011. godine, Format: B5, Str: 305 Fikret PAŠANOVIĆ - ISLAMOFOBIJA - CHRIS ALLEN, Islamophobia, Ashgate, London, 2010., 210 str.
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The ruling of the Court on the case of Dahlab vs. Switzerland is about the teacher who was dismissed from work for wearing the Islamic headscarf. She filed the case against the government to the European Court for Human Rights in Strasbourg. The Court, however, reached the verdict on February 15th 2001, stating that the government has not violated the article 9 of the European Convention. In this article author presents the circumstances of the case and a short summary of the verdict along with the evaluation given by the Court.
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