Aspects of the Responsibility of the Greek-Catholic Superior Clergy Related to the Requirements of the Josephinist Enlightened Reformism

Author(s): Ioan Horga / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2009

The catholic clergy had during the epoch of Joseph II the role of forming good Christian inhabitants of the Empire in a spirit of loyalty towards the Court of Vienna. In order to attract the clergy on their side, the Court of Vienna tried to improve the material condition of Greek- Catholic clergy. This paper speaks also about the income that Greek – Catholic clergy had in Austrian Empire. The clergy was granted also with responsibilities as state officials, being involved in charitable, educational and economic issues.

Oraşul medieval românesc extracarpatic, loc al inovării arhitecturii bisericeşti pană în secolul XIX

Author(s): Teodor Octavian Gheorghiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2009

Along history, the relation between town and sacred architecture constantly remained a characteristic feature in the middle ages. In the medieval towns from outside of the Carpathian Mountains (i.e. the regions of Moldavia and Walachia) the churches were from the moment of their erection, either important elements of the urban and districts’ centers, or annexes to ensembles like noblemen courts, monasteries, inns etc. Two aspect of the relation between the medieval town and the church will be studied in the paper. First, from the urban point of view, an analysis of the dynamic the position in town of the newly built churches along history suffers. The second aspect considered will be the changes of the architectural forms. As case studies, I propose two pairs of towns (important towns, former main cities, and small town) from the two main regions: Iaşi – Târgu Ocna (for Moldavia) and Târgovişte – Buzău (for Walachia). One of the conclusions of this paper is that the Romanian medieval town and, especially the former princely residences, were always places where one experienced new models of sacred architecture, one combined forms and structures and showed a special permeability to exterior influences. This phenomenon is especially to be seen from the 17th to the 19th century. Discussing the contemporary situation, one can see a similar phenomenon. If in rural areas and in small provincial towns, the erection of new churches is generally a conformist gesture, very narrowly controlled as form and quite indifferent to the urban context, in big cities - a special case could be Timişoara – sacred architecture is in search of their origins, combining models, innovating, even if respecting the canonic basis.

Les églises dans les villes de la Valachie (XIIIe – XVIe siècles)

Author(s): I. Gheorghe Cantacuzino / Language(s): French Issue: 17/2009

Usually, it is believed that the number of churches, cult edifices erected in towns, in the middle of a neighbourhood, reflects the number of inhabitants of the settlement. The growth in population determined the construction of new churches or the enlargement of the existing ones, in the same manner in which the changes produced in the demographic evolution resulted in the abandonment of some of the cult edifices. These elements can be examined in various towns by comparing the construction or transformation dates of the churches, as they are known from engravings, documents or from the results of archaeological excavations. By examining the number of churches in the medieval towns of Valachia – Câmpulung, Argeş, Severin, Târgovişte, Bucureşti, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Buzău, Piteşti, Craiova – or in areas that have lost their urban character – Târgşor, Gherghiţa, Floci – one can come to interesting conclusions concerning the evolution of these settlements. The cult edifices of the different confessions belonged to a population comprising different ethnic groups. In the analysis of the connection between the number of cult edifices and the number of inhabitants, one has to take into account the circumstances in which the churches were founded, the religious reasons, the type of church – parish church, class chapel, monasteries erected in towns or nearby. The great number of churches reflects quite clearly the importance of the town, especially of those where there were princes’ residences, metropolitan or bishops’ churches, administrative centres.

Abrevieri

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 17/2009

“Negru Vodă” Monastery and its Place in The History of Câmpulung Town

Author(s): Carmen Oprescu / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2009

Built by Matei Basarab in 1635–1638, “Negru Vodă” monastery had a particularly important role in the town life, from the very moment of its setting up. It had a special status as a monastery located in the perimeter within the town and equipped by the founder with inn, shops, printing-house and fortified premises. Matei Basarab is the founder of most churches and monasteries in the entire history of the Romanians, and the transformation of the oldest princely residence of Wallachia into a monastery, seems to have had multiple reasons: political, dynastic, religious, strategic. In special political and economic circumstances, the emergence of the monastery will mark Câmpulung’s cultural and spiritual life and a historic process for the town, the destruction of the Câmpulung’s community organization, its privileges and properties, the monks here seizing other rights, propertys and privileges which had belonged to the community. For example, from its setting up, the fair attended by foreign merchants, held annually on a different ground for the town, will be held under the administration of the monastery, in a place provided by the ruler with shops and inns near the monastery. Preceded by the princely court on the same site, the monastery will continue the transformation process of morphological structure of town planning.

W odpowiedzi

Author(s): Dariusz Kosiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 63/2004

Projekt Tracing Road Across –Intervention

"H." W.S. i J.K.

Author(s): Joanna Targoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 63/2004

Paradoks zwany aktorem

Author(s): Dorota Jarząbek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 63/2004

Ocalić Makbeta

Author(s): Mateusz Borowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 63/2004

Bardzo krótko współczesny

Author(s): Piotr Gruszczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 63/2004

Interview with Krzysztof Warlikowski.

Wawel na mnie nie działa

Author(s): Piotr Gruszczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 63/2004

Interview with Jan Klata

Ontologia kulturowa: Kulturowość bycia

Author(s): Barbara Tuchańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2014

Constructing a cultural ontology I reject the primordiality of everydayness, presupposed by Heidegger, in order to reveal the cultural constitution of all ways of being, from everyday life to the most unusual activities of individuals and communities. The cultural constitution of being is displayed with the help of the idea that meanings, i.e., references, senses and values (that are a special type of senses), are structures of all ways of being. In the following exposition the cultural constitution of being is analyzed in its interrelations with the commonality of being, its temporality, and historicity.

Metodologia bioetyki

Author(s): Barbara Chyrowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2014

The issues presented in this article bear on (1) the status of bioethics as an academic discipline and (2) research methods employed in it. With regard to the status of bioethics, I discuss problems related to the definition of bioethics, the ways of addressing bioethical issues (interdisciplinary discourse, applied ethics, an extension of medical ethics) and the choice of the discipline within which bioethics should be developed (law, theology, philosophy). The presented methods of bioethics have been divided into normative and non-normative. The non-normative methods are empirical, both qualitative and quantitative, whereas normative methods have been divided into three groups: methods based on principles (the application method and coherentism), casuistry, and alternative methods (virtue ethics, the ethics of care, communitarianism, and the narrative perspective). Since alternative ways of addressing bioethical issues are not always sufficiently developed from the methodological point of view, I have introduced, apart from the concept of method, the concept of research perspective (used, in the literature on the subject, interchangeably with the concept of research approach).

Etyka w psychoterapii

Author(s): Katarzyna Marchewka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2014

The aim of this article is to present selected ethical issues in psychotherapy based on the most important Polish and foreign contributions to the area. In the article, the following issues will be taken into consideration: manipulation during psychotherapy, confidentiality and professional secrecy, the principle of the ideological neutrality of the therapist, ethical aspects of psychotherapy for children and adolescents, clinical supervision, and the relation between psychotherapy and law.

Prawda fikcji literackiej w świetle hermeneutyki Paula Ricoeura

Author(s): Anna Ziółkowska-Juś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2014

In Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics, the truth of fiction relates to the search for answers to questions about personal identity and the meaning of life in the world lacking substantial foundations. Ricoeur’s considerations are situated between realism and constructivism. The article dicusses the consequences of the hermeneutical relationship between imaginary worlds and reality for the redefinition of such concepts (important to the human condition, but usually associated with substantial ontology), as: “truth”, “understanding”, “ethics” and “personal identity”. I attempt to answer the following questions: What is the truth of literary fiction? What is the relationship between literary fiction and reality? What, in the literary fiction, is created and what is discovered? What does self-understanding, related to the imaginary worlds, consist in? What is the role of literary fiction in constituting personal identity? Why is reading an ethical act? What is the role of metaphorical mediation in the process of understanding?

Zdrowie jako prawo człowieka

Author(s): Włodzimierz Galewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2014

The subject matter of this article is the right to health as one of the moral rights granted to all human beings. In the first part, I provide an overview of selected international documents that consider health (or “the highest attainable standard of health”) a human right and, in the second part, I investigate the most significant commentaries on these documents. Accordingly, I attempt to bring out and arrange in an order the main ethical claims contained in these documents and commentaries, discussing such issues as the kinds of rights related to health, the conditions of access to health-related goods or the duties of the states implicated by the right to health.

Parentocentryzm Davida Heyda i epos (pro)kreacyjny

Author(s): Kazimierz Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2014

In the first part of my paper, drawing on the works by David Heyd, I argue that, in the choices related to procreation, an autonomous decision of the woman (or of partners) involved should play the key role. In the relation between a healthcare professional, on the one hand, and a pregnant patient, or a patient who intends to become pregnant, on the other – the former is ethically obliged to provide proper help in the decision-making process that should nevertheless be founded on the ethical ideal of a morally good person. The decision should also be informed by the conception of a morally good person endorsed by the woman (or by partners). In the second part of my paper, I refer to the conception of the sanctity of human life, developed by Ronald Dworkin, to claim that, in a complex medical model, the tendency to equate the fetus with bodily organs should be curtailed as far as the relation between the pregnant woman and the fetus is concerned. The idea of the sanctity of life also serves as the ground on which what I call a ‘procreation epic’ is based. The suggested epic, viewed as a general philosophical framework for the healthcare and reproductive medicine policy, is considered relevant to democratic societies.

„На крив парламент вестници му пречат” (Паремиите в пресата)

Author(s): Magdalena Elchinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1993

The use of proverbs in the Bulgarian newspapers in 1990–1991 is under analysis in this article. The attention is focused on the predominant function of proverbs as titles of newspaper articles and essays. Examples are analyzed showing how traditional proverbial texts have been changed in order to semantically represent the following essay and in regard with the current social and political situation. The most common form of change is parody and it is used to express certain attitude to the events commented. Thus, proverbs bring an emotive nuance even to very serious and objective newspaper materials. Comparison is made between the functions of proverbs in traditional folklore and in modern culture.

Фолклор и национална идентичност

Author(s): Irena Bokova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1993

Facts and tendencies connected with the present functions of folklore culture are under analysis in this article. Comparison is made of observations of and conversations with participants in folklore fests at present – folk fairs, amateur artistic activities (or modern folklore activities). Two basic tendencies in the representation of folklore are outlined: the opening of the local boundaries and the establishment of a certain notion (image) of Bulgarian folklore. Examples are given of policy in the cultural sphere which concern folklore culture and its perception and interpretation by the individuals. Specific folklore forms turn out to be basic in the process of personal and group identification. Folklore is not so active as an emblem of the state and the nation, but its significance for the determination of the new cultural identities at present definitely grows up.

Marin В. Marian. Mitologia oului. Bukureşti, Editura Minerva, 1992, 94 р.

Author(s): Valentina Vaseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1993