MACBETH – A PARADOXICAL ADAPTATION OF SHAKESPEARE, BY ORSON WELLES

MACBETH – A PARADOXICAL ADAPTATION OF SHAKESPEARE, BY ORSON WELLES

Author(s): Elena Paliţă / Language(s): English / Issue: 01 Supp/2022

Keywords: cinema; structure; drama; adaptation;

THE ADAPTATION OF WELLES HAS A PARADOXICAL NATURE: IT HAS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF BEING IN SOME WAYS VERY CLOSE TO A PLAY AND YET ITS SUCCESS SEEMS TO BE MAINLY DUE TO THE TALENT AND CINEMATIC INSPIRATION OF ITS DIRECTOR. THE ADAPTATION OF A PLAY FOR THE CINEMA REQUIRES THE DIRECTOR TO ACCEPT FROM THE BEGINNING THE CHARACTERS, THE DIALOGUE AND THE SUCCESSION OF SCENES. MACBETH IS THE FIRST AND FOREMOST TRAGEDY OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS: IT EXPLORES THE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN GOOD AND EVIL, VIRTUE AND CRIME, AND SHOWS HOW THEY ARE BLURRED. THE FILM ADAPTATION OF ORSON WELLES IS A COMPLETE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ORIGINAL THEATRICAL PLAY, INSISTING ON THE EMPHASIS OF THE SYMBOLIC DIMENSION, USING CINEMATIC TECHNIQUES.

THE TRAGEDY OF MACBETH IN THE ADAPTATION OF ROMAN POLANSKI

THE TRAGEDY OF MACBETH IN THE ADAPTATION OF ROMAN POLANSKI

Author(s): Elena Paliţă / Language(s): English / Issue: 01 Supp/2022

Keywords: representation; play; cinema; adaptation;

ONE OF THE ELEMENTS NECESSARY TO MAKE A WORK OF LITERATURE TRAGIC IS THAT THE AUDIENCE HAS SOME FELLOW SYMPATHY, SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL COMPREHENSION OF THE DILEMMAS AND SUFFERING OF THE PROTAGONISTS. MACBETH FAILS AS A TRAGEDY IF THE AUDIENCE SEES THE THANE AND HIS LADY AS UNREDEEMED VILLAINS, DEEMS THEIR SUFFERING AS DESERVED AND NECESSARY PUNISHMENT, AND TAKES PLEASURE IN THEIR AGONIES. BUT THIS IS NOT THE RESPONSE OF MOST READERS OR SPECTATORS. THE SPECTACLE OF THE NOBLE MACBETH, DRIVEN BY AMBITION AND THE WILL TO POWER TO THE MOST HEINOUS OF ACTS, SUFFERING THE MOST INTENSE PANGS OF GUILT AND REMORSE, AROUSES, PERHAPS AGAINST THEIR WILL, THE PITY OF THE READERS OR SPECTATORS. THERE IS ALSO IN THE AUDIENCE A SENSE OF FEAR THAT THE EVIL THAT CONTAMINATED MACBETH AND LADY MACBETH CAN POISON ANYONE. ROMAN POLANSKI’S ADAPTATION IS A REALISTIC APPROACH OF THE SHAKESPEAREAN TEXT. IT CREATES PROFOUND CHARACTERS, ESTABLISHING A HIGH DEGREE OF ORIGINALITY OF THE ADAPTATION.

EFFECT OF CORRUPTION ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS IN COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN BALKANS

EFFECT OF CORRUPTION ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS IN COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN BALKANS

Author(s): Artan Hajdini,Lum Collaku,Safet Merovci / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment; Corruption; Inflation Rate; Exchange Rate; Western Balkans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of corruption on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Western Balkans countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Albania. Secondary data from The World Bank, Transparency International, and International Monetary Fund databases were utilized to complete this study for 2012-2020. The built model of multiple linear regression included four independent variables, namely: Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Western Balkan Corruption Ranking (WBCR), Exchange Rate (EXG), and Inflation Rate (INFL), as well as FDI as a dependent variable, and data effects were analyzed through the SPPS scientific research software program. The results found that if CPI and WBCR were to increase by one unit, FDI would decrease by 0.088, namely 0.624, while if EXG and INFL were to increase by one unit, FDI would increase by 0.165, namely 0.236. In order to fight corruption and potentially attract more foreign direct investment, the governments of these countries should work to harmonize their anti-corruption laws with those of the European Union. In order to prevent the negative consequences of FDI inflows, they should also maintain a balanced rate of inflation, which entails stabilizing exchange rate fluctuations.

POLICY OF RAISING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS FOR MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

POLICY OF RAISING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS FOR MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

Author(s): Samed M. Karović,Aleksandra Rankov,Siniša Domazet,Jelena Jesic / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Law; Security; Emergencies; Prevention Capacity; Serbia; Knowledge Management; Business Intelligence Systems

Local self-governments (LSGs) cannot effectively manage emergencies. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to find action policies that would facilitate the increase of capacities of LSGs in such situations. The starting point for defining the policy was collecting data on the current abilities and capacities of LSGs in AP Vojvodina. The research covered 40% of the total number of LSGs and more than 64% of the population in the AP of Vojvodina. A combined open-ended survey questionnaire was constructed for data collection. The data was collected in field conditions through online procedures, direct sending of written surveys, and direct discussion of project implementation leaders. The statistical analysis of data identified that the legal aspect of LSGs and emergencies was not harmonized with other institutional documents at the level of LSGs. Most LSGs had serious difficulties in managing emergencies, especially civil protection. The platform is envisaged to facilitate raising the prevention capacity of LSGs by integrating all relevant information to provide early warnings and indications for implementing corresponding organizational, technical, and economic measures to deal with emergencies.

THE ROLE OF REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS IN TIMES OF ARMED CONFLICTS IN AFRICA

THE ROLE OF REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS IN TIMES OF ARMED CONFLICTS IN AFRICA

Author(s): Ufuoma Veronica Awhefeada / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Armed Conflict; Humanitarian Law; Human Rights; African Charter; Law of Wars; Regional Institutions

Armed conflict is a perennial problem that has plagued Africa for decades, resulting in flagrant human rights abuse. The central problem this paper seeks to address is identifying the laws establishing institutions and agencies for protecting human rights in Africa and examining how well-adapted these institutions are to protect human rights in times of armed conflict in Africa. This research employs the doctrinal research method, which entails an examination of the relevant primary sources of the law as laid down in the statutes and treaties and interpreted by the courts as well as secondary source materials, including journal articles, reports, and other relevant sources materials. It is contended that though human rights institutions were not established with the goal of interventions in times of armed conflict to protect human rights, they can be adapted to meet this challenge to stem the tide of gross human rights violations during armed conflicts. The paper concludes by recommending the expansion in the practice of the mandate of these human rights institutions to accommodate mechanisms for the protection of human rights in times of armed conflicts.

HUMANITARIAN DIPLOMACY STRATEGY FOR SYRIAN REFUGEES AND ITS EFFECT ON JORDAN’S FOREIGN POLICY

HUMANITARIAN DIPLOMACY STRATEGY FOR SYRIAN REFUGEES AND ITS EFFECT ON JORDAN’S FOREIGN POLICY

Author(s): Emad Ayasreh / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Jordan; Humanitarian Diplomacy; Foreign Policy; Syrian Refugees

This research examined the effect of Jordan’s humanitarian diplomacy strategy for Syrian refugees on its foreign policy and attempted to determine whether the strategy is financially sustainable. Humanitarian diplomacy is persuading decision-makers and leaders worldwide to act at all times and in all circumstances in the best interest of vulnerable populations by completely respecting fundamental humanitarian principles. Jordan has allowed many Syrian refugees to cross over and settle in Jordan. This study used a qualitative systematic literature review and quantitative data from the UNHCR to determine the effect of the strategy on Jordan’s foreign policy and whether the strategy could be sustained. The findings showed that Jordan’s stature in terms of its foreign policy has grown, leading to bilateral agreements and participation in international negotiations. However, its humanitarian strategy may not be sustainable with the current level of funding. The funding from foreign countries and international organizations has been insufficient to support the growing number of Syrian refugees in Jordan. The literature on this topic is limited, and comprehensive quantitative research is recommended to determine the future effect of the strategy on health care and education for Syrian refugees in Jordan.

MILITARY SANCTIONS: THE WAR ON TERROR AND THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN

MILITARY SANCTIONS: THE WAR ON TERROR AND THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN

Author(s): Jonathan Honig / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Military Sanctions; Uzbekistan; Conflict; War On Terror; Foreign Policy

States frequently find themselves disbursing or receiving military aid, cooperation, and access to military products. Using foreign policy options like "military sanctions" (the suspension of military projects, aid, cooperation, and access) is a desirable, widely publicized way for one state to express its discontent to another while presumably influencing desired policy changes in the client state. However, the small amount of evidence on military sanctions indicates that they are ineffective, short-lived, and may even be counterproductive. This analysis attempted to elucidate this subject by advancing a theory stating that states will impose military sanctions in response to domestic audience pressures shortly after high-profile examples of undesirable behavior by client states. However, military sanctions will be eased as time progresses and public attention has waned. This analysis qualitatively examined Uzbekistan and its relationship with the US, finding support for this theory. It concluded that following high-profile incidents and periods of undesirable behavior by an aid-recipient state, military sanctions would likely be employed by the state providing the military aid and programs. Further, military sanctions are eased or scrapped as time moves from public incidents and attention involving human rights abuses.

THE IMPACT OF PUNISHMENT, BUDGET SPENDING, AND SOCIAL STIGMATIZATION ON FISCAL EVASION: THE CASE OF KOSOVO

THE IMPACT OF PUNISHMENT, BUDGET SPENDING, AND SOCIAL STIGMATIZATION ON FISCAL EVASION: THE CASE OF KOSOVO

Author(s): Mentor Gashi,Ramadan Beqiri / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Tax Evasion; Punishment; State Budget; Precipitation; Tax Administration; Linear Regression; Stigma

The purpose of this paper was to identify several factors that have an impact on tax evasion. Tax evasion is considered a problem for many different countries in the world, simultaneously attracting the curiosity of researchers. The study employed a convenience sampling technique and collected 221 questionnaires in Kosovo. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, linear regression and are reflected in the matrix table of correlation coefficients. In this research, the statistical significance results appear the size of punishment, perception of spending of budget, and social stigma that has effected tax evasion. In this way, as lower the punishment for evaders effected non-encourage citizens to notify the tax evasion. Perception of non-spent properly of budget effected non-encourage citizens to notify the tax evasion. Also, when the lower was a social stigma for the evaders, it increased their willingness to tax evasion.

PROCESS TRACING AND PROFESSIONALIZATION OF POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS

PROCESS TRACING AND PROFESSIONALIZATION OF POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS

Author(s): Pratyush Paras Sarma / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Professionalization; Political Parties; Election Campaigns; Process Tracing; Democracy

Recent years have witnessed a significant inner transformation among political parties in both developed and developing democracies of the world. Different factors, such as changes in the structure of the media environment owing to the technological boom in the last two decades and changes in voting behavior, led to the transformation of the political parties in different democracies worldwide. Therefore, studying the patterns of this transformation has become an integral part of the current political science research. Early studies have demonstrated the indexes based on professionalization. However, limited studies have tried to examine the process of transformation relating to professionalization and are almost missing from the studies based on non-western democracies like India. Therefore, against this backdrop, this study tries to expand the literature by providing a theoretical framework consisting of causal mechanisms which would explain the process of professionalization of campaigns with special reference to Indian elections through the theory testing method of process tracing. The framework has been provided in a series of causal mechanisms to answer how the considered individual variables react when they come in contact. This paper concludes by justifying the conceptual framework of professionalization.

EXAMINATION OF DECISION-MAKING STRUCTURES’ PERCEPTIONS OF COMPONENTS ON THE INFLUENCES OF SME SUCCESS

EXAMINATION OF DECISION-MAKING STRUCTURES’ PERCEPTIONS OF COMPONENTS ON THE INFLUENCES OF SME SUCCESS

Author(s): Muhamet J. Spahiu,Esat A. Durguti / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: SME Performance; Education; Experiences; Business Plan; Obstacles

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have succeeded in being the main and dynamic pillar of national and international economies. Education and work experience is essential in increasing SMEs’ efficiency and competitiveness. The changing business environment has created fierce competitiveness among SMEs, requiring active interaction between managers/owners and stakeholders. As a result, this study aims to explore the influence of education, experience, using a business plan, and barriers on the success of small and medium-sized businesses. This research employed an online questionnaire for scientific research. Through ordered logistic modeling, we observed 336 answers from businesses using the qualitative approach. The study’s findings reveal that education and work experience have a statistically favorable influence on the performance of SMEs, whereas barriers have a substantial adverse influence. Findings on barriers are noteworthy in the context of this study since the governing institutions throughout the pandemic and later situations experimented with the measures adopted. The study also benefits SMEs and legislation authorities in understanding the critical concerns that are perceived as barriers to the growth and expansion of SMEs, resulting in the creation of even more sophisticated infrastructures to support sustainable development.

FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTING INDONESIA’S PERSPECTIVES ON THE INDO-PACIFIC

FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTING INDONESIA’S PERSPECTIVES ON THE INDO-PACIFIC

Author(s): Mohd. Agoes Aufiya / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Indonesia; Indo-Pacific; Bebas-Aktif; Jokowi; Global Maritime Fulcrum

The term “Indo-Pacific” became increasingly significant and was accepted by several countries, including Indonesia. The government welcomed the term as part of its foreign policy projection, which developed its unique perspective or interpretation, including inclusivity, a rule based on international law, and ASEAN’s centrality and cooperation for regional growth. This study would answer the question of how the concept of Indo-Pacific will be interpreted within Indonesia’s unique context compared to other countries. Thus, this research aimed to describe several key factors in constructing the Indonesian perspective on the Indo-Pacific concept, particularly under President Jokowi’s leadership. This research applied qualitative with library methods from the primary and secondary data sources. This paper argued six factors that constructed Indonesia’s perspective on Indo-Pacific: maritime historical legacy; the “Bebas-Aktif” principle; ASEAN values; geographical position; and democratic values. The research concluded that Indonesia is one of the major countries that consistently championed the term “Indo-Pacific” within the regional and international spheres, with a “moderate” status in terms of its foreign policy implementation, which is mainly characterized by inclusivity and cooperation in the economy by constructively engaging all countries.

SOME LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC PROPERTIES OF THE KING JAMES BIBLE

SOME LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC PROPERTIES OF THE KING JAMES BIBLE

Author(s): Seda Gasparyan / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023

Keywords: the Bible; the KJV; advantages; drawbacks; language and style; paraphrasing

Investigations of biblical texts have always been the topic of heated discussion among theologians and linguists, as well as representatives of other scientific disciplines. Over the years, the biblical stories and testimonies have been persistently challenged by different scholars, with a particular emphasis on the language of the Bible. In this paper, we dwell upon the events preceding the emergence of the King James Version and the immense authority that the KJV gained both in the churches of England and among the common people of the British Isles. As this translation of the Bible was authorised by King James, it is often referred to as the Authorised Version, and has become the Official Bible of England. Many people still believe that the KJV is The Bible, since according to them, its creation was inspired by God himself. Hence it becomes essential to reveal the factors which contribute to the supremacy of its language and majesty of style.

WORD-FORMATION AND ORIGINS OF ETHNOPHOBIC TERMS IN THE AMERICAN AND UKRAINIAN NON-STANDARD LANGUAGES

WORD-FORMATION AND ORIGINS OF ETHNOPHOBIC TERMS IN THE AMERICAN AND UKRAINIAN NON-STANDARD LANGUAGES

Author(s): Ihor Honta,Iryna Aleksandruk,Liudmyla Halii, / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023

Keywords: Ethnophobic terms; non-standard language; metaphor; metonymy; compounding; shortening

The article aims to outline extralinguistic factors of the emergence of American and Ukrainian ethnophobic terms and to study the means of their word-formation. The methods applied in the research include the analysis of dictionary definitions, as well as semantic, structural, conceptual, comparative, and linguocultural analyses. Metaphor, metonymy, and antonomasia are established as the semantic means of ethnophobic terms formation, whereas compounding, suffixation, clipping, and onomatopoeia – as the predominant means of structural word-formation in both American and Ukrainian non-standard languages. Blends and acronyms are established as typical of American ethnophobic terms formation only, while the combination of semantic and structural word-formation is evident in both languages. Borrowings are determined as a significant means of replenishing the corpora of ethnophobic terms in both American and Ukrainian non-standard languages.

NIETZSCHE’S AMOR FATI IN DAVID FOSTER WALLACE’S INFINITE JEST

NIETZSCHE’S AMOR FATI IN DAVID FOSTER WALLACE’S INFINITE JEST

Author(s): Narjess Jafari Langroudi / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023

Keywords: Amor fati; Anhedonia; Destiny; Jest; Escape; Metamorphosis

This paper aims to show the blasé characters of Wallace’s Infinite Jest exposed to the postmodern zeitgeist who fear and hate fate for its dominance, as is depicted in his works. The indifference, apathy, skepticism and equivocation which circumscribed Wallace’s characters in Infinite Jest show their escapist analysis of the quirks of fate. This study tries to find out whether Wallace’s characters affirmatively embrace the power of fate or negatively deny it. After a close reading of Wallace’s Infinite Jest, the researcher highlights that Nietzsche’s concept of amor fati is absent for Wallace’s characters because, fallaciously, they were either trying to ignore it or demystify it. Wallace characters’ means of coping with fate metamorphoses them into apathetic beings that are finally in a constant quarrel with themselves. Both their escape from fate and their craving for its demystification culminate in their drowning in life and its pleasures, and then it becomes clear they can no longer enjoy anything and they become afflicted with anhedonia. Wallace’s characters cannot know why their lives are worth living, so they fall into deadly living. It argues that fate entangles human freedom and human extrication from their carnal desires becomes a big delusion in the infinite jest of their lives. The immanent fight with fate will make life’s jest very serious. And when life is taken too seriously, its jest will intensively make a mockery of humans.

POST-APOCALYPTIC IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN AYN RAND’S ANTHEM WITH REFERENCE TO CULTURE/NATURE DUALITY

POST-APOCALYPTIC IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN AYN RAND’S ANTHEM WITH REFERENCE TO CULTURE/NATURE DUALITY

Author(s): Younes Poorghorban / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023

Keywords: Nature; Culture; Identity Construction; the Post-apocalyptic; Imperialising Power

The present article seeks to illustrate how identities are constructed in the context of Ayn Rand’s post-apocalyptic dystopian novel, Anthem. A significant contributor to the process of identity-making is the particular employment of language and the circulation of meanings of a symbolic order that enchains individuals by turning them into obedient subjects. Foucault’s conception and Fiske’s understanding of identity construction address the duality of power and resistance, which seems to be absent in this post-apocalyptic work. It is rather the imperialising power that is single-handedly in charge of the identity-making mechanism in the subjectivity of the characters. Throughout the novel, there is no evidence of any sort of systematic resistance to the dominant representations of the imperialising power. While the duality of power and resistance is lacking in Rand’s Anthem, the duality of nature and culture is at work, which directly affects the way identity is constructed. The imperialising power seeks to eradicate and, at worst, to limit the representations of nature. The semantic burden that nature carries threatens the existence of the imperialising power. We intend to elucidate how the imperialising power reacts to the representations and the meanings that nature establishes. Finally, we propose that the reaction of the imperialising power towards nature is much stronger in post-apocalyptic contexts. For instance, the representations of nature is only limited to the “Uncharted Forest” which is highly restricted.

FOLKTALES FROM SIX CONTINENTS: CULTURAL INFLUENCE AND LIFE SKILL DEVELOPMENT FOR CHILDREN

FOLKTALES FROM SIX CONTINENTS: CULTURAL INFLUENCE AND LIFE SKILL DEVELOPMENT FOR CHILDREN

Author(s): Synthiya Rose,R Bhuvaneswari / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023

Keywords: Folktales; Anthropomorphism; Life Skills; Culture; Children

Children are enthusiastic and show a keen interest in learning new skills. Learning and participation, equipped with essential life skills, ensure success in their life. Building life skills enables children to understand personal conflicts (both physical and mental) and make them aware of their environment. The folktales of various regions in the world with solid traditions expand children’s literary horizons. Folklore inspires young minds and teaches them to be morally, ethically, and socially conscious. Anthropomorphic narratives take children into the world of tales, keep them engaged, teaching history, tradition and value systems, and helping the individual build life skills. The paper focuses on realising the life skills and cultural influence imbibed in folktales and how it works on children. The article examines popular folktales from Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America and examines how they operate as a tool to enable us to understand culture and life skills.

IN PRAISE OF ANIMAL LABORANS, THE LABORING BODIES OF CHAUCER’S GENERAL PROLOGUE

IN PRAISE OF ANIMAL LABORANS, THE LABORING BODIES OF CHAUCER’S GENERAL PROLOGUE

Author(s): Alireza Mahdipour,Hossein Pirnajmuddin / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023

Keywords: Chaucer; Canterbury Tales; General Prologue; Late medieval; labor; idleness; food production

In the late medieval England, the long futile wars, famine and death tolls caused by the plagues highlighted the value of laboring bodies. Attitudes to labor changed, especially labor for food production. The attitude of the clergy, however, was paradoxical towards labor. According to the Christian doctrine and ethics, work was a virtue, but, practically speakin, in the feudal system of the medieval period, manual work was allotted to the peasants. To cope with this ideological flaw, the clergy triumphed in their (non-productive) clerical labor and services, meditative and ascetic life. Failure in achieving these ideals is depicted and satirized in the General Prologue of the Canterbury Tales, by the pilgrim-Chaucer’s highlighting the significance of both food and food-makers.

SHADES OF A WOMAN’S TIME: THE CHRONOTOPIC REVISION OF HISTORY IN SELECTED POEMS OF EAVAN BOLAND’S OUTSIDE HISTORY

SHADES OF A WOMAN’S TIME: THE CHRONOTOPIC REVISION OF HISTORY IN SELECTED POEMS OF EAVAN BOLAND’S OUTSIDE HISTORY

Author(s): Ghulam Yahya Asghari / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023

Keywords: Chronotope; Herstory; Mikhail Bakhtin; Myth; The feminine; Embodiment

Eavan Boland has been acclaimed as the foremost feminist poet of modern Ireland, and, although she has been accused of resorting to a depoliticized escapist poetry, her poetry stands for a convergence of both the political/national and the feminine in her homeland. Defined and credited as a nation with a mythological history, Ireland has always already been represented through a temporally male perspective. Correspondingly, in the established canon of Irish poetry, time, mostly as a retrospective concept, is a masculine appropriation of history coupled with the archetypal male and female roles, whose spatio-temporal import are to accommodate to the authorized reductionist historiography. Bakhtin’s idea of chronotope is not only an attempt toward the mutual realization of the time/space motif in a literary work, but also the means to the embodiment of a consciousness, an identity. This study attempts to demonstrate how Boland, in a selection of poems from her collection Outside History (1990), specifically, The Achill Woman, The Making of an Irish Goddess, Daphne Heard with Horror the Addresses of God, and the eponymous poem Outside History, introduces a series of chronotopes which assist her in redefining Irish national history with a feminine hue in the guise of herstory. Furthermore, it will be argued that her poetry may well be seen as a venture to replace the authoritative concept of time as mythology and fiction with a real history.

THE ENIGMA OF THE OTHER IN THE EYES OF PSYCHIATRY: MARGINALIZATION IN THE BELL JAR AND ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO’S NEST

THE ENIGMA OF THE OTHER IN THE EYES OF PSYCHIATRY: MARGINALIZATION IN THE BELL JAR AND ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO’S NEST

Author(s): Omid Delbandi,Alireza Anoushiravani,Laleh Atashi / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023

Keywords: Ethnicity; Femininity; Ken Kesey; Power Structure; Psychiatry; Sylvia Plath; The Other

The present paper is devoted to the study of the prejudices and biases in psychiatry toward women and different ethnic groups as “the other” in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Ken Kesey’s One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Through the application of anti-psychiatric and political notions, this study is conducted to depict how psychiatry as an agent of the power structure succeeds in suppressing “the other’s” inclinations and, on the contrary, to what extent “the other” is successful in confronting the power structure by projecting its proclivities in these two notable American fictions of the 1960s. The results of this study suggest that there is always a suppression/resistance dialectic between the power structure and “the other” in these works of fiction.

SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION AND LEARNING STRATEGIES

SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION AND LEARNING STRATEGIES

Author(s): Biljana Ivanovska,Gëzim Xhaferi / Language(s): English / Issue: 44/2023