CEEOL - Advanced Search

Aspects from the life and activity of archpriest Zaharia Manu

Author(s): Emanuil Ineoan / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: Zaharia Manu; Dej; Romania; Horthy; Hungary;

The biography of archpriest Zaharia Manu marks the portrait of a Church servant, dedicated to his ministry, but also to certain large-scale construction works, his deeds, as well as his opinion maker personality, through the important influence he had among his parishers recommend him as an elite element of the Romanian Orthodox clergy, a reference and model of dedication and abnegation. His ability to confess his creed and to defend, without compromises, the believers living that time of great adversity under the two totalitarian regimes make the archpriest Manu an undesirable target for both the Horthyst regime and the communist one.

More...

Captain Ilie Birt from Brasov: ideas and ways of action to preserve Romanian identity in 18th century Transylvania

Author(s): George Damian Mocanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: Brașov; Romanian national identity; Captain Ilie Birt; Transylvania;

Romanians in Transylvania used the connection to the Austrian Empire during the 18th century to promote their national identity through the Greek-Catholic Church. The Greek-Catholic Romanian intellectuals of the Enlightenment come to mind when it comes to the preservation of the Romanian national identity in Transylvania, but other means were taken into considerations by the Romanians who maintained the Greek-Orthodox confessions. In the following article we will analyze the methods employed by the Greek-Orthodox Romanians of Brașov in order to preserve their national identity when confronted by the Saxon authorities of the city.

More...

Altruism and Patience in Choices between Financial Losses – Experimental Findings

Altruizm i cierpliwość w wyborach w kontekście strat finansowych – wnioski z eksperymentu

Author(s): Adam Karbowski,Bartłomiej Wiśnicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: altruism; patience; delay discounting; social discounting; behavioural economics

In this empirical study (n = 102), the authors set out to investigate the relation between altruism (measured with the use of individual social discounting rates) and patience (measured with the use of delays) under the conditions of financial losses. Thanks to the titration algorithm by Holt et al. (2003), and the Area Under the Curve indicator by Myerson et al. (2001), the study could apply discounting procedures to assess the altruism and patience of individuals. It was found that altruism and patience can be but do not have to be positively correlated in the domain of economic losses. It turns out that the occurrence of a positive correlation between altruism and patience (as often reported in the behavioural economics literature devoted to economic gains) depends on the temporal structure of the discounting task (temporal context of choice). When both the loss for the decision maker and another person from the social distance scale is delayed (shifted in time), positive correlations between altruism and patience are not observed. The latter finding is novel and nuances the behavioural economics knowledge on the relation between altruism and patience in economic choices.

More...

Analysis of the Functioning of the Automatic Exchange of Information about Financial Accounts after Implementation of the Common Reporting Standard

Analiza funkcjonowania automatycznej wymiany informacji finansowych po wdrożeniu wspólnego standardu sprawozdawczego (Common Reporting Standard)

Author(s): Tomasz Matras / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); Common Reporting Standard (CRS); financial information; taxes; financial institutions

The adoption of the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) by the OECD in 2014 raised many concerns. Banks were particularly obliged to implement many changes in order to properly collect and aggregate data on tax residence of their clients and correctly report them to the tax administration authorities. The aim of this article was to assess the functioning of the CRS, taking into account the benefits of implemented changes and critical voices regarding the functioning of the standard. The efficiency of the solution based on OECD data and a critical analysis of some aspects of the CRS were presented. The adopted research method was based on verification of official OECD documents and comparative analysis of data presented by the organization with the research conducted by scientific institutions and other private and public entities. According to the results of the research, the automatic exchange of financial information is not functioning optimally, and reforms need to be carried out. The additional revenues generated by the CRS are relatively low compared to the tax losses still generated by tax optimization

More...

PERSONALITY TRAITS AND PERFECTIONISM AS PREDICTORS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS ORGANISATIONAL CHANGES

Author(s): Miljana Pavićević,Jelena Davidović Rakić,Tijana Živković Lj / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: personality traits; attitude towards organizational change; perfectionism

The aim of the research was to determine whether personality traits and perfectionism are significant in predicting the attitude towards organizational change. The research sample consisted of 336 employees with a mean age 35.29 (SD = 11.44). The instruments used were The Big Five Plus Two Personality Inventory (BF + 2), the Attitudes Towards Organizational Change Scale (OC) and the Burns Perfectionism Scale. Regression analysis results indicate that high scores on extraversion, openness, and positive valence correlate with initiating change among employees. High scores on neuroticism and positive valence, and low scores on extraversion and openness predict a negative attitude towards organizational changes. High scores on extraversion and openness correlate with employee flexibility. High scores on perfectionism predict both change initiation and employee flexibility.

More...

MEDIATING EFFECTS OF DISPOSITIONAL MINDFULNESS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROTICISM, CONSCIENTIOUSNESS AND WORRIES, TENSION AND LACK OF JOY

Author(s): Predrag Miladinović / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: Dispositional mindfulness; neuroticism; conscientiousness

The aim of the present research was to examine the mediating effects of Dispositional Mindfulness on the associations of the traits Neuroticism and Conscientiousness with Worries, Tension and (Lack of) Joy. The research sample consisted of participants from German-speaking general population (N=430; 73% females and 23% males) mean age x̄=39, σ=14.6 (min=19, max=77). The scales demonstrated high reliability. The Conceptual Model 1.2 was structured on the following associations: a negative correlation between Dispositional Mindfulness and Neuroticism (r=-0.64; p<.01) positive correlation with Conscientiousness (r=-0.41; p<.01), and negative correlations with Worries (r=-0.57; p<.01), Tension (r=-0.54; p<.01), and (Lack of) Joy (r=-0.62; p<.01). The results of mediation analysis indicate powerful indirect effects of Dispositional Mindfulness in all of the tested relationships: between Neuroticism and Worries (b=0.15; β=0.12; p <.001, 95% Bca CI 0.091, 0.217), Neuroticism and Tension (b=0.13; β=0.12; p <.001, 95% Bca CI 0.077, 0.208), Neuroticism and (Lack of) Joy (b=0.18; β=0.19; p<.001, 95% Bca CI 0.124, 0.241), and Conscientiousness and (Lack of) Joy (b=-0.10; β=-0.08; p <.001, 95% Bca CI -0.096, -0.058). Empirical evidence supports the theoretical assumptions that Dispositional Mindfulness strongly influences personality traits in the context of cognitive, affective, and somatic difficulties, and stimulates insight into one’s own behaviours and potential formation of functional responses.

More...

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES: CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON OF PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

Author(s): Vladimir Njegomir,Dragan Stojić / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: economic efficiency; insurance; productivity; growth; cross-country

This paper focuses on the economic efficiency of the insurance companies in Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to examine the contributions of technical and economic efficiency change to the productivity growth in the insurance industries of these countries by applying the generalized output-oriented Malmquist index for the 2014-2015 period. The output-input data consists of a panel of 19 insurance firms in Serbia, 23 insurance companies in Croatia and 13 Slovenian companies chosen as the sample of the study. The study utilizes four inputs and two outputs: commission and management costs, stock capital and labor force, as well as premium and net investment income, respectively. The efficiency is measured using the Malmquist index which can be decomposed into two components: the efficiency change index and the technical change index. The results have shown that up to 50% of Croatian and Slovenian companies are efficient, compared to 30% of Serbian companies.

More...

WORK OUTSIDE THE EMPLOYER’S PREMISES: A RECENT FORM OF EMPLOYMENT

Author(s): Zoran Vavan / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: work outside the employer’s premises; work from home; remote work; rights and obligations of employees and the employer

This research deals with a current type of employment, work from home and remote work, which are special forms of employment performed outside the employer’s premises. The Labour Law of the Republic of Serbia regulated this issue in its original form as early as 2005. In recent years, the global development of the labour market, especially in the conditions of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, opened the possibility for the expansion of this way of employment. Working from home and remote work have proven to be not only economical and efficient ways of performing tasks and achieving business goals, but also as forms of work and an efficient measure to for the health and safety of employees and their family members during the pandemic. This type of employment has many advantages and benefits and can be expected to become even more commonplace in the future. Therefore, we believe that this type of employment deserves more attention and discussion among scholars and professionals, for the sake of further innovation and improvement.

More...

PROPERTY RIGHTS RESTRICTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Tamara Gajinov / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: property rights; property rights restrictions; human rights; COVID-19 pandemic

This paper will examine the impact of certain restrictive measures introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of transformation of property rights from a liberal concept to increasingly frequent government interventionism, along with the limitation of three basic ownership rights — possession, use and disposal. As property rights have a social function, this paper examines the new functions that emerged during the pandemic. With respect to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and recent verdicts of American and French courts, the paper further deals with restricting private ownership rights and ways in which these rights were regulated by the state authorities in an attempt to protect public health and prevent the spread of infection.

More...

PUBLIC DEBT SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Mehdija Ćosović,Marija Petrović-Ranđelović,Snežana Radukić / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; public debt sustainability; Republic of Serbia

The scientific and professional public has been debating the impact of public debt on economic development for a long time. Although the 2007 crisis further highlighted the importance of the debt problem of the economies around the world, this problem became more relevant with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and has become particularly prominent due to the uncertainty of its duration. For this very reason this paper aims to contribute to a clearer understanding of the consequences stemming from the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic regarding the public debt of the Republic of Serbia. To indicate the extent of the indebtedness problem that is affecting the Serbian economy, especially compared to the countries of the Western Balkans. The primary methods used in the paper –analysis and synthesis, comparative method, and method of generalisation – were adapted to the stated goal and the the research subject. The obtained results suggest guidelines for the authorities’ priority activities with the aim of reducing public expenditure so that sustainable dynamics of the public debt can be achieved and conditions for improving the dynamics of economic growth can be met.

More...

DISSOLUTION OF CO-OWNERSHIP IN SERBIAN LAW

Author(s): Jovana Tomić / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: co-ownership; dissolution of co-ownership; building land partition

Co-ownership of property is a community in which co-owners are linked by property interests. When the property interests cease to exist, the co-owners can decide to dissolve the co-ownership. Co-ownership dissolution can occur by mutual agreement of the co-owners or in court proceedings. The consent of the co-owners or their agreement upon the method of division, is often not enough to carry out the partition by physical division. Co-owners often have to exercise the right to dissolve the co-ownership in court proceedings. The aim of this paper is to examine the basic features of co-ownership in Serbian legislation and comparative legislation, focusing on the issue of co-ownership dissolution and the problems that co-owners encounter when seeking to carry out a partition by physical division via a settlement before trial and become the sole owners of a part of real estate.

More...

LEGAL PROTECTION OF PRISONERS OF WAR: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Author(s): Aleksandra Jovanović,Aneta Atanasovska Cvetković / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: war crime; crime against humanity captive; prisoner of war; captor

The status of prisoners of war and their treatment post capture has always been of interest to the humane individuals. Throughout history, there are various examples of the treatment of the captives, which largely reflected the interests of their captors. In order to prevent war crimes and crimes against humanity, which affect the position of civilians and prisoners of war, there are rules and conventions in armed conflicts. Despite the existence of these rules, history has shown that crimes against humanity (e.g., mass killings of civilians and prisoners, devastation, looting and enslavement) are a regular occurrence in armed conflicts. The paper will examine the treatment of captives throughout history. This paper will also provide an analysis of the conventions, charters and legislation of international humanitarian and international criminal law, which incriminate war crimes, crimes against humanity, and slavery, with the aim of improving the treatment of prisoners of war.

More...

EVALUATING THE TREATMENT OF CONVICTS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN VOJVODINA: DATA ANALYSIS, CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Author(s): Aco Bobić,Tatjana Skakavac,Dražen Erkić / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: penal institutions; convicted persons; treatment; resocialization; recidivism

The position of convicted persons in penal institutions is not only a legal issue. It is also a reflection of the available material and human resources, and the willingness and commitment of society to create efficient and effective modes of treatment and to implement them, in order to achieve the basic function of these institutions, i.e., resocialization. Research efforts in the field have focused on the ways to improve the functioning of penal institutions in order to provide the highest possible quality of life for convicts, in a specific environment and under restrictions. Serving the prison sentence in satisfactory conditions would ensure a better implementation of the treatment that would result in a better resocialization, thereby reducing recidivism. The aim of this research is to define the factors and the possibility of predicting the resocialization of convicts (dependent variable) in the prisons in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (AP Vojvodina). The results indicate that the general attitude of convicts towards prison treatment is negative. Of the 27 observed independent variables, the research showed that the greatest statistical significance exists: 1) between the category of educational treatment and satisfaction with conditions and relations in the institution; 2) between the type of crime and the success of resocialization. A lower statistical significance was observed between satisfaction with conditions, justice orientation, degree of self-esteem, emotional competence, and success of resocialization.

More...

INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIVE MEASURES IN THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL SANCTIONS SYSTEM

Author(s): Božidar Arsić / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: juveniles; institutional corrective measures; referral; reformatory institution; correctional facility; special institution for medical treatment and training; case law

The author examines the specific features of institutional corrective measures from the material perspective. Although implementing non-institutional reformatory measures does take precedence, the juveniles who require more permanent corrective measures, medical treatment, and training are sentenced to institutional corrective measures by the court. This is often accompanied by a complete separation from their current environment, in order to exert augmented influence on the juvenile persons. There are three measures in the positive legislation: referral to a reformatory institution, referral to a correctional facility and referral to a special institution for medical treatment and training. The paper includes research results on the application of institutional corrective measures in case law of the Republic of Serbia between 2010 and 2020.

More...

THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POSITIVE OBLIGATIONS OF STSTES SIGNATORIES OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION FOR PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS

Author(s): Darija Martinov,Petar Teofilović / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2022

Keywords: positive obligations; European Court of Human Rights; European Convention on Human Rights; Convention interpretation; living instrument doctrine; practicality and effectiveness doctrine

This paper deals with the creation and development of positive obligations of contracting states of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. At the beginning we explain the division of obligations from ECHR into positive and negative. Then we presented the reasons, methodology and legitimacy of the development of positive obligations under ECHR. We analysed their content and scope. Special emphasis has been placed on maintaining fair balance of interests, as well as on the relation between positive and negative obligations in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. In conclusion we highlight innovation, usefulness, and importance of positive obligations under ECHR for the increased standard of human rights protection on a global level.

More...

ATTENTION TO THE ELECTION-ECONOMICS-POLITICS (EEP) NEXUS IN THE INDIAN STOCK MARKETS

Author(s): Paritosh Chandra Sinha / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Attention cointegration; election-economics-politics nexus; Google search value index; behavioral finance;

Do investors pay attention to the election-economics-politics (EEP) nexus in the stock markets? In examining this research problem during the 17th Lok Sabha Election in India, this study explores the cointegrating relationships of its’ stock markets’ returns and realised trade volumes with investors’ selective attention to keywords in Google searches. The article uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. It reveals ingenious findings that investors’ attention dynamics at EEP nexus cointegrate either with the stock-markets’ returns or realised trade-volumes. It also identifies investors’ attention myopia, where the cointegration twists once the nexus pulls of its election or economic factor/s.

More...

BANK BASED VERSUS STOCK MARKET-BASED DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Author(s): Samuel Orekoya,Joseph Olarewaju Afolabi,Oluwatoyin Akintunde / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: stock market; financial development; financial market; bank-based development; market-based development; ARDL;

This study examines the relative effectiveness of bank-based and market-based financial development on the economic growth of Nigeria with data from 1989 to 2018 using the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) estimation technique. The study found that bank-based financial development exerts positive and significant influence on Nigeria’s economic performance while stock market-based, rather than contributing positively to the economic prosperity, was found to have an insignificant negative effect. Using GDP per capita growth for sensitivity analysis also showed a somewhat similar result. From this finding, the study concludes that bank-based financial development drives growth in Nigeria more than market-based. The study therefore recommends intensive financial literacy and inclusion campaign to create awareness and bolster public confidence in the stock market and the financial sector.

More...

DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN TRANSMISSION OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS IN THE REAL ECONOMY. THE POLISH SITUATION

Author(s): Elena Valentina Tilica / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Financial contagion; emerging stock markets; real-economy sectors; domestic contagion;

This paper studies the contagion process of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis through several important Polish economic sectors: chemical, construction, food, IT, media, oil & gas and telecommunication. The results show a significant difference between the response of these sectors to the crisis. Chemical, construction, media and oil and gas were selected, in different degrees, by a domestic financial contagion. The food industry was influenced in a negligible degree by contagion, while the IT and telecommunication sectors showed a decrease of their co-movements with the financial sector, both foreign and domestic.

More...

ESTIMATION OF CORRELATION BETWEEN CAPITAL MARKETS. ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF CRISES ON THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN MARKETS

Author(s): Alina Zaharia / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: CEE capital markets; BEKK model; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; Spillover Index; COVID-19;

This paper analyses the behaviour of the existing correlations between Central and Eastern Europe’s markets, namely Romania, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia and Bulgaria and the developed ones in Germany, France and United Kingdom. The study brings a new perspective on the subject by capturing two major stress periods in the Global Financial Crisis and the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. By estimating a BEKK model, as well as Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Diebold and Yilmaz Spillover Index, the study finds strong similarities between the analysed markets, with a general decreasing trend of the correlations’ level, indicating increasing benefits of diversification.

More...

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FEATURES AMONG EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES - AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS

Author(s): Iustina Alina Boitan,Ewa Wanda Maruszewska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: corporate governance; agency conflict; cluster analysis; European countries;

This study investigates European Union countries’ differences and similarities referring to corporate governance treated as (1) an external tool to overcome the conflict of interest described by the agency theory, and as (2) a result of an institutional environment. We conduct a cluster analysis and uncover an increased cross-country heterogeneity. Our findings might be of interest to European capital market investors. Differentiating between low-level corporate governance countries and high-level corporate governance countries may also be of regulators’ interests who should search for other means to improve country-level corporate governance practices.

More...