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The Failure of Neo-Ottomanist Foreign Policy in Turkey: The Case of Palestinian Reconciliation Process

Author(s): Mustafa Karakaya / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2022

Keywords: Neo-Ottomanism; Turkey; Palestine; Hamas; Fatah;

This article aims to examine the Middle East-oriented neo-Ottomanist policies in Turkish foreign policy during the JDP era and to explain the reason for the failure of neoOttomanism through Turkey’s mediation in the reconciliation process between Hamas and Fatah in the Palestinian politics. It is argued that Turkey’s neo-Ottomanist foreign policy failed due to the presence of other regional and global actors competing for influence in the Middle East. When Turkey’s neo-Ottomanist policies conflicted with the interests of the other states seeking influence, Turkey could not achieve its neo-Ottomanist goals. The article shows Turkey’s mediation efforts in the intra-Palestinian reconciliation process as an example to this failure. In the Palestinian reconciliation process, Turkey played a mediator role for years and supported each reconciliation attempt, in accordance with its neo-Ottomanist agenda. However, as two strong actors in the Palestinian politics, the US and Israel, opposed this reconciliation and blocked all reconciliation attempts between Hamas and Fatah, Turkey’s efforts were not enough to bring the process to a permanent solution.

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Experiences in the Training of Teaching Digital Competence for Using Digital Social Networks

Author(s): Dieter-Reynaldo Fuentes-Cancell,Odiel Estrada-Molina,Nilda Delgado-Yanes,Jimmy Manuel Zambrano-Acosta / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: digital competence; online courses; teacher education;

Background/purpose – The training of teachers to use digital social networks implies a change in the cultural paradigm and new alternatives for the development of their digital skills. This research analyzes the effectiveness of a workshop-structured massive online open course (MOOC) to develop the teaching of digital skills associated with using digital social networks for educational purposes. Materials/methods – A quasi-experiment with pretest and posttest and intact groups was conducted. The population of the study was the teaching staff of Cuba’s University of Informatics Science, with a sample of 30 teaching professors. Results – The statistical results justify that in the two experimental groups, the implementation of the MOOC was satisfactory as significant differences were evident. The results suggest and affirm that MOOCtype online courses are an appropriate means for the continuation of teacher training as professional development. It concludes by arguing challenges in teacher training to develop their digital skills, highlighting: (1) technological, social, and educational imaginary; and (2) teaching digital culture vs. cultural codes of the student body. Conclusion – The main contribution is the effectiveness of teacher training through the interaction and interactivity between the designed MOOC and learning activities conducted using Facebook, LinkedIn, and Telegram.

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Are Academics Satisfied with the Measurement and Evaluation Practices Applied During Emergency Remote Teaching due to COVID-19?

Author(s): Hasan Fehmı Özdemır,Çetin Toraman,Güneş Korkmaz / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: Emergency remote teaching; measurement and evaluation; academics; qualitative study; metaphors;

Background/purpose – The aim of this research is to examine the meanings through metaphors that academics derive from their experiences regarding the measurement and evaluation practices when emergency remote teaching was conducted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify the problems they experienced with the measurement and evaluation practices, and to present their solution recommendations. Materials/methods – The study was structured as a qualitative research. The problems experienced by academics in measurement and evaluation practices, together with their solution suggestions were examined according to the “basic qualitative research” pattern. On the other hand, the “phenomenological qualitative research” design was used since the meanings attributed to the measurement and evaluation practice experiences were examined through metaphors. The participants of the study were 2,321 academics teaching at state and private universities in Turkey. Results – The findings reveal that most of the problems experienced were related to “cheating, test security, fair exam environment, plagiarism, inability to measure whether learning objectives had been achieved, inappropriate online measurement and evaluation methods, lack of quality in assessment practices, and technical issues regarding learning management systems.” Conclusion – The solutions proposed by the participant academics were the use of alternative assessment methods, conducting face-to-face rather than online exams, asking different questions for each student by mixing up the questions in the exam, and using webcams for online exam invigilation. Metaphors attributed to the measurement and evaluation practices were grouped under three categories; as positive metaphors (e.g., lighthouse, life buoy), negative metaphors (e.g., hallucination, digging a well with a needle), and metaphors implying that such practices played a key role (e.g., water in desert, surgery) in emergency.

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Psychometric Validation of the Information Area of Digital Competence in High School Students in Perú

Author(s): Teresa Fernandez-Bringas,Cristóbal Suarez-Guerrero,Francisco Sandoval-Arteta,Giancarlo Ojeda-Mercado / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: Psychometric instrument; validity; reliability; digital competence; high school;

Background/purpose – Few psychometric tests have been identified in the literature that analyze digital competencies in school-aged children. The Evaluation Test of Digital Competencies in Compulsory Education Students (ECODIES, Casillas-Martín et al., 2020) is considered one of the most robust for its measurement. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric validity of the “ECODIES – Area 1: Information” test with high school students from two Peruvian cities in 2021. Materials/methods – The research was formed as a basic level, nonexperimental, and cross-sectional study. Content validity was analyzed through expert judges (n = 8), while construct validity, factorial invariance, and reliability were tested with a sample of high school students from Lima and Cusco (N = 201). Results – The content validity obtained satisfactory results (Aiken’s V = 0.952, p < .01). Through construct validity, it was corroborated that the instrument measures the information competence (RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.928, PNFI = 0.67) and that this theoretical construct remains invariant between both of the groups studied. The instrument also demonstrates adequate internal consistency (α = 0.736, ω = 0.751, ordinal α = 0.869). Conclusion – “ECODIES - Area 1: Information” is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of the information digital competence, including cultural differences, in high school students.

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How School Climate Affects Teachers' Individual Innovativeness: The Mediating Role of Teacher Autonomy

Author(s): Tuncay Yavuz Ozdemir,Neslihan Çakalcı / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: School climate; individual innovation; teacher autonomy; mediator variable; education and training;

Background/purpose – The continuity of society is ensured through schools where educational activities are formally conducted. There exists a wide range of tasks that are assigned to educational systems and schools, and three concepts play a critical role for the successful completion of those tasks: school climate, individual innovativeness, and teacher autonomy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether teacher autonomy had a mediating role in the relationship between school climate and teachers' individual innovativeness. Materials/methods – The relational survey model was used in the study, with 617 elementary school teachers selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using three scales: the School climate scale, the Teacher autonomy scale, and the Individual innovativeness scale. The collected data were analyzed using regression and correlation analyses. In addition, Bootstrap analysis was performed through IBM SPSS v.24.0 (Hayes, 2013) with PROCESS Macro 3 and “Simple Mediation Model 4” used to examine the significance of the mediation effect. Results – The findings revealed that a positive, moderate, and significant relationship exists between school climate, individual innovativeness, and teacher autonomy. Bootstrap analysis showed that teacher autonomy had a significant mediating effect in the relationship between school climate and individual innovativeness. Furthermore, the Sobel test proved the significant mediating effect of teacher autonomy since the Z value was at the desired level. Conclusion – It was found that teacher autonomy had a mediating role in the relationship between school climate and teacher innovativeness. Since this is the first study to examine the mediation effect of teacher autonomy on the relationship between teacher innovativeness and school climate, further research is needed with different samples to verify the findings.

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The Contribution of Teaching Practice to Preservice Teachers’ Training – Empirical Research of the Department of Primary Education of Western Macedonia University Students’ Evaluation

Author(s): Stavridis Pavlos,Papadopoulou Vasiliki / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: teacher education; teaching practice program; initial teacher training; preservice teacher training;

Background/purpose – Teaching practice is an essential and integral part of preservice teacher training. In this study, we investigated its role in guiding and supporting student work, and whether or not it contributed to their successful completion of a teacher education program. Materials/methods – Evaluation was conducted by preservice teachers, who constituted a stable sample throughout the research (approx. 130 students per stage), as they were directly involved and deemed the most competent to evaluate the program. Three different semi-structured questionnaires, with quantitative (closed-ended 5-point, Likert-type scale items) and qualitative variables (open-ended questions) included. Results – The research data showed that a connection between pedagogical theory and practical application in the classroom was achieved to a satisfactory degree. The preservice teachers recognized the importance of reflecting on the educational process during the final stage of their teaching practice, when they are required to teach on a daily basis. A number of issues were also identified; most importantly, mastering the subject matter of science courses and overcoming the difficulties faced in teaching those subjects. Conclusion – Based on the study’s results and in comparison with previous related research, we find that the evolution of the Teacher Training Program has shown improvement and is perceived more positively by preservice teachers. However, there are still several aspects that require further change and improvement in order to provide preservice teachers with the best and most comprehensive training possible.

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Digital Leadership and Sustainable School Improvement—A Conceptual Analysis and Implications for Future Research

Author(s): Turgut Karakose,Tijen Tülübaş / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Digital leadership; school improvement; principal; leadership; school effectiveness;

Background/purpose – We live in the age of digital transformation, and our lives are fundamentally shaped by the influence of digital technologies. This transformation is calling for profound changes in the education of new generations, and forcing schools to realize structural and pedagogical transformation so as to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary for life in the 21st century. Under these circumstances, digital leadership has become significant in sustaining digitally-driven school improvement. Digital leadership, used as an umbrella term to refer to technology-referenced leadership models such as e-leadership, technology leadership, virtual leadership, or leadership 4.0, aim at integrating digital technologies into the functioning and improvement of organizations and leveraging their sustainability in the digital era. This study aims to discuss the potential contribution of digital leadership to sustainable school improvement efforts in the digital era, and suggests implications for future studies. Materials/methods – This is a conceptual paper which briefly defines digital leadership, school improvement, and the relationship between these two variables. Based on this analysis, it also points out some aspects to be addressed by future studies. Practical implications – In this paper, we argue that digital leadership has much to offer to enhance school improvement in accordance with the requirements of this age. We also analyze the digital leadership and school improvement literature to identify potential gaps in research and suggest implications for the future investigation of digital leadership with a particular focus on school improvement. Conclusion – An overview of digital leadership and school improvement literature suggest that future research should particularly address digital leadership from a distributed and social justice perspective, and provide further evidence on the mechanisms and means of enacting effective digital leadership in enabling schools to respond properly to their fast-changing digital environment.

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ARCHAIC EAST GREEK LAMPS IN THE PONTIC AREA

Author(s): Pierre Dupont,Sergei Solovyov / Language(s): English / Issue: 53 suppVII/2020

Keywords: Northern Black Sea; Pontic area; ancient world; east greek lamps;

As in the case of pottery vessels, the East Greek settlements of the Northern Black Sea provide a representative overview of the main types of lamps distributed by their motherland cities of Ionia all along the archaic period. Unfortunately, the identication of the significant exporting centres appears somewhat uneasy, because the motherland finds still remain unequally studied, except perhaps those of the Samian Heraion. Typologically, these Greek lamps from the Black Sea area constitute a rather diversified whole, most predominantly of Eastern Greek origin, within which some well-defined models stand out, intentionally mass produced for the export markets, on which they were often supplemented by some colonial imitations, such as those evidenced in Berezan itself, of a shape recalling South-Ionian originals and already attested in between in Apollonia.

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POST-ARCHAIC BEREZAN LAMPS: PRELIMINARY LAB APPROACH

Author(s): Pierre Dupont,Sergei Solovyov / Language(s): English / Issue: 53 suppVII/2020

Keywords: ancient world; post-archaic period; Berezan lamps;

As it seems henceforth established that the dual Berezan-Olbia was spared by the general upheaval which struck the whole North-Pontic area at the beginning of the 5th century BC118, the chronological implications for the Hermitage collection of lamps from Berezan now invite to reconsider their assumed confinement to the Archaic period alone, apart from two obvious Roman intrusions.

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CANDLESTICKS PRECURSORS?

Author(s): Pierre Dupont,Sergei Solovyov / Language(s): English / Issue: 53 suppVII/2020

Keywords: lamps; candlestick precursors; heritage studies; ancient world;

Three items of the Berezan collection (Pl. 39), though not recorded as lamps, stand out by their unusual features, viz. a central tube much stronger and thickwalled than on the standard « Stocklampen » ; above all, instead piercing the bottom of the bowl right through, it presents at the base two diametrically opposite openings, either circular or quadrangular holes for two of them, two similarly opposite notches for the third one ; on two of these pieces the upper edge of the central tube is encrusted with soot. Such peculiarities, even if they do not correspond at all with those of conventional oil lamps of Greek type, point to their interpretation as lighting devices, despite the fact that only one of them - B. 87-106 – seems clearly falling into the Greek period, viz the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 4th century BC . Considering the fact that the Northern Euxine was at that time a major native producer of solid fats such as tallow one can reasonably assume that we are faced here with tallow lamps instead of oil lamps and that their special features are intended for fitting in candles. As during the medieval period, these tallow candles were probably fitted with flax or hempen wicks.

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Dispositions toward Critical Thinking in Portuguese Undergraduate Students

Author(s): Eva Morais,José Lopes,Helena Silva,Caroline Dominguez,Rita Payan-Carreira,Cristina Imaginário,Maria José Santos / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Critical thinking dispositions; higher education; undergraduate students; sociodemographic effect; study field;

Background/purpose – This study aims at identifying differences in the level of critical thinking dispositions according to the sociodemographic (gender, age) and academic characteristics (study field) of undergraduate students in Portugal. Materials/methods – We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study with a convenience random sample of 1017 students. Most of the participants were female (76.8%) and the average age of respondents was 21.8 ± 4.22. For data collection, we used the Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (CTDS), consisting of 35 questions, validated for the Portuguese population. In the statistical analysis, we used the T-student, ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression model. Results – The students showed an average positive disposition for critical thinking (the average score in the CTDS was 279.1 ± 27.1). The results demonstrated that gender, age and field of study influenced the dispositions for critical thinking. Older girls, attending courses in the field of Biomedicine were the ones with higher disposition to think critically. Conclusion – Female students generally show higher critical thinking scores dispositions regardless the study field.

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The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Teacher Self-efficacy in Terms of National Culture

Author(s): Metin Kaya,Mehmet Koçyiğit / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Transformational leadership; teacher self-efficacy; national culture; meta-analysis;

Background/purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and teacher self-efficacy in terms of cultural values. Materials/methods – Articles indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC databases between 2008 and 2021 were used for conducting a meta-analysis. The data set included 25 articles from 15 countries. The random-effects model was used as a statistical model in the metaanalysis. Results – The study revealed a weak relationship between transformational leadership and teacher self-efficacy (ES=0.28). Additionally, some dimensions of national cultures are moderators in the relationship between transformational leadership and teacher selfefficacy. This relationship is predicted positively by the power distance orientation of cultures and negatively by individualism and indulgence orientation. Conclusion – There is a weak relationship between transformational leadership and teacher self-efficacy.

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Greek Preschool Teachers’ Professional Features and Their Knowledge and Views of the Official Standards of Early Writing Teaching

Author(s): Filippos Tentolouris / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Early writing; emergent literacy; phonics method; in-service training;

Background/purpose – The purpose of this study was to explore three null hypotheses regarding the association between Greek preschool teachers’ professional features with their knowledge and views of the official standards of early writing teaching which emphasize on real communicative purposes. Materials/methods – 494 teachers participated in an internet-based survey and their answers of a 21-item digital questionnaire were analyzed through descriptive (calculation of frequencies) and inferential statistics (chi-squared tests). Results – Two of the three null hypotheses cannot be supported and two statistically significant associations were emerged: (a) teachers’ high academic qualification is associated with a comprehensive knowledge and use of the official standards and (b) teachers with low qualifications and with a teaching experience of more than 10 years seem to reproduce a “phonics” approach. Conclusion – It is argued that the introduction of curricula per se cannot alter teachers’ implementation of the phonics method which is contrary to the official curriculum standards and it is suggested that redesigning writing practices to make them more compatible with these standards should be a long-term and reciprocal project among teachers and policy makers.

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Positive and Negative Lessons from Hidden Curriculum at a Philippine State University

Author(s): Louie Giray,Jelomil Edem,Daxjhed Louis Gumalin,Sheila May Lucero,Kasandra Christina Asuncion,Jomarie Jacob / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Hidden curriculum; college students; implicit learning; academic procrastination; collective cheating; personal development;

Background/purpose – Little attention is being put forward to the lesser-known type of curriculum–that is, hidden curriculum–most especially in the Philippine context. This study explored the positive and negative lessons from the hidden curriculum in higher education, with a Philippine state university as the research setting. Materials/methods – This study used qualitative case study. The data were obtained using online focused interviews and focus group discussions from Filipino college students. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results – For the positive lessons, college students implicitly imbibed the value of being compassionate. They also acquired behaviors and attitudes that are healthy for the development of their personality. Seeing that many people helped each other, they also learned to collaborate with people. For the negative lessons, college teachers acted as a cause of academic discord. They also were reported to have a lack of sympathy toward student circumstances. Toxic behavior, collective cheating, and high-pressure work environment were observed. Conclusion – If there is a group of people, such as in the university setting, there must be a hidden curriculum. By that, we pertain that the social environment always offers a hidden curriculum. The hidden curriculum offers both positive and negative lessons. Observed or not, it is impactful to students and other stakeholders. Further, the development of hidden curriculum undergoes an iterative cycle—hidden curriculum influences the collective, then the collective influences the hidden curriculum, ad infinitum.

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Blended Learning in Russian Higher Education: The Evolution of the Term in Science and Practice

Author(s): Elena Nikolaevna Strelchuk,Maria Nikolaevna Kozhevnikova,Victoria Sergeevna Borchenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Blended learning; hybrid learning; distant learning; face-to-face learning; Russian universities;

Background/purpose – The concept of "blended learning" was taken by Russian education from abroad. However, under the new conditions, the authors' original idea of combining different forms of learning has been transformed into a mixture of online and offline learning. This study aims to analyze the factors that led to the transformation of this concept in Russian research papers and the practice of teaching in universities. The observation method was necessary to describe how the term is applied and to draw conclusions about how it is understood by teachers. Materials/methods – The study is based on the comparative method, which includes a selection, description, and analysis of different interpretations of the studied concept in more than 90 Russian and foreign scientific publications. The results of the analysis are presented in diagrams, allowing consolidating a new point of view on the subject of research. Results – The study showed that Russian researchers understand "blended learning" as a combination of online and offline lessons, while the true meaning of the term is the combination of electronic learning tools with traditional face-to-face tools that can be used both synchronously and asynchronously. Conclusion – Prospects for the use of blended learning in Russian universities lie in the understanding that it is a special form of learning process, in which students interact either with a teacher or with an electronic learning resource, depending on what helps to achieve the learning objectives most effectively. This requires the development of new educational technology based on innovative software.

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How Does Students’ Knowledge About Information-Seeking Improve Their Behavior in Solving Information Problems?

Author(s): Marioleni Parissi,Vassilis Komis,Gabriel Dumouchel,Konstantinos Lavidas,Stamatios Papadakis / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Information problem; search engine; higher education; Big6 model; teaching intervention;

Background/purpose – This study investigates how the teaching intervention and familiarity with the search topic enhance Greek students’ behaviour while solving information problems. Materials/methods – Seven university students solved three information problems on the same search topic during an academic semester. After the first and before the last two information problems, a didactic intervention was implemented to familiarize the undergraduate students with the information problem-solving process based on the Big6 model of Eisenberg & Berkowitz (1990) and the use of essential online search tools. Qualitative data was collected via observation as well with the think-aloud protocol. Results – The results indicated that after the didactic intervention and familiarity with the search topic, the participants could realize a greater variety of actions to locate the required information. Conclusion – The findings deepen the comprehension of how the students' information behaviours evolve and indicate suitable interventions that could support students in performing effective internet searches.

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ARCHAIC EAST GREEK LAMPS: PRELIMINARY LAB APPROACH

Author(s): Pierre Dupont,Sergei Solovyov / Language(s): English / Issue: 53 suppVII/2020

Keywords: archaeology; ancient world; archaic east greek lamp; lab findings;

The Lyon Lab data bank includes the chemical results of some 56 representative samples of Archaic East Greek lamps, most of them from Pontic settlements, viz. 39 from Histria, 4 from Berezan, 7 from Old Smyrna, 2 from Samos, one from Miletus, one from Thasos and 2 from Naukratis. Even if much more sampling would be required, some general guidelines already emerge from their processing.

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Comparing the Influences of Masking, Crowding, Response Conflict, and Cortical Scaling on Simple Shape Identification with Foveal Targets

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Comparing the Influences of Masking, Crowding, Response Conflict, and Cortical Scaling on Simple Shape Identification with Foveal Targets

Author(s): Steven J. Haase,Gary D. Fisk,Matthew Worley,Brendan Rosenberger / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2022

Keywords: crowding; masking; congruency effects; dorsal visual pathway;

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of masking and crowding on simple shape perception. The target stimuli were presented in foveal vision, where masking effects are generally investigated and where crowding effects are typically small compared to peripheral vision. The second experiment investigated the potential involvement of the dorsal visual pathway by testing if a peripheral crowding stimulus could interfere with the perception of a target shape, if it were scaled to account for low visual acuity? The results of both experiments indicated strong congruency effects, especially for pattern and metacontrast masking (which, in some respects, is similar to crowding). Congruency effects were generally weak for distractors presented further from the target. In Experiment 2, cortically scaled distractors only showed a potential influence in the forward masking condition. Perhaps this is an indication of a priming effect from the distant crowding stimuli. Further research might reveal the extent to which crowding displays can test physiologically motivated hypotheses.

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Decay or interference accounts of forgetting: A replication of Waugh and Norman’s (1965) study

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Decay or interference accounts of forgetting: A replication of Waugh and Norman’s (1965) study

Author(s): Samsad Afrin Himi,Farhana Ferdous / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2022

Keywords: short-term memory; forgetting; interference; decay; replication;

Forgetting − the loss of information − in short-term memory occurs either owing to interference with other information or decay over time. According to an influential study by Waugh and Norman (1965), retroactive interference causes forgetting. The current study attempted to reproduce this conclusion in a Bangladeshi culture with stronger statistical power. Thirty four undergraduate students were examined at two different stimulus presentation paces (slow/fast pace) with varying numbers of interfering digits. The presentation pace was used to index decay, and the number of interfering items was used to index interference. The findings of a direct replication effort revealed that recall performance decreased with increasing interfering items, although the pattern of decreased performance did not reflect the original study. Furthermore, the slow pace condition yielded better outcomes than the fast pace compared to decay account. The findings pave the way for reconsidering how retroactive interference influences mental practice effects.

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Linking multiple team membership to work-family conflict through work-related well-being and burnout

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Linking multiple team membership to work-family conflict through work-related well-being and burnout

Author(s): Oana-Maria Comăniță,Claudia Lenuța Rus,Oana Cătălina Fodor / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2022

Keywords: multiple team membership; work-related well-being; burnout; work-family conflict;

The present study investigates the extent to which the relationship between multiple team membership, operationalized by the number of the teams an employee is part of simultaneously, and work–family conflict is mediated in parallel by work-related well-being and burnout. Data were collected through a cross-sectional design from 278 participants using self-report instruments. The results of the mediation analysis show that the number of teams an employee is a part of simultaneously is not linearly associated with work-related well-being, burnout and work-family conflict. Also, work-related well-being is not significantly associated with work-family conflict. Conversely, an increased level of burnout is associated with increased work-family conflict. However, work-related well-being and burnout are not mediators of the relationship between the number of the teams an employee is part of simultaneously and work-family conflict. The theoretical, practical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed and future research directions are proposed.

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