ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS – CONSTANCIES IN DIFFERENT IDEOLOGICAL CONFIGURATIONS

ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS – CONSTANCIES IN DIFFERENT IDEOLOGICAL CONFIGURATIONS

Author(s): Nicoleta Sălcudeanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: literature; ideology; ethnic; religion; history;

As a crossing point of the ideological options, of ethnic issues and confessional confrontations, the Romanian culture seems to obey the alternating rhythm of the historical loss of memory and, at the same time, of the anamnesis. On this background, the present times always appear as being doubtful, always menaced. Such tearing proved to be advantageous to the proliferation of many ideologies which found the ideal scene for materialization. Thus, the literary ideologies appear as natural reflexes to this kind of tectonics. In fact, there is not any specifically Romanian in all these phenomena. Ruptures have always been instrumented and used in ideological battles everywhere on the earth.

POLITICAL ELITE AND PROPAGANDA IN A ROMANIA OF THE LEGIONARY NATIONAL STATE. SEQUENCES

POLITICAL ELITE AND PROPAGANDA IN A ROMANIA OF THE LEGIONARY NATIONAL STATE. SEQUENCES

Author(s): Cristian Sandache / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: Legionnaires’ movement; propaganda; Romania; antisemitism;

The study examines aspects of the mechanism of official propaganda during the period of the Legionary National State, noting (among other things) that the topic of nationalism was intertwined with that of anti-communism, with elements of antisemitic discourse (in turn) not absent from this background either. The Legionary Movement, in a period of reconstruction and undifferentiated growth in its numbers, had lost much of the relative attractiveness it had known during Corneliu Zelea Codreanu’s lifetime, with the new leadership (of which Horia Sima in particular had emerged) representing only a pale copy of its predecessors. The Legionnaries were also disadvantaged by the tense, complicated, unpredictable relationship they had during this time with Ion Antonescu, as well as by the lack of experienced elements in the act of government. Propaganda and dynamism tried to compensate for these major shortcomings, but without success. In the end, events turned out to be totally unfavourable to the Legionnaires, seriously compromising their image. The series of abuses, violence and murders provided extremely strong arguments for the Legion’s opponents.

AUGUSTIN BUZURA, ABSENŢII. LITERATURE AS MORAL CHALLENGE AND SUBVERSION

AUGUSTIN BUZURA, ABSENŢII. LITERATURE AS MORAL CHALLENGE AND SUBVERSION

Author(s): Iulian Boldea / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: Buzura; Romanian prose; characters; epic; universe;

With radical, lucid, tense characters, in an antinomic position in relation to a universe of crisis and tragedy, characters marked by the obsession of truth, by successive alienations and conquests of the self, with documented and problematizing epic texts, Augustin Buzura is an important landmark of contemporary Romanian prose. The inner architecture of the novels, the outline of the characters' destinies, the ethical tension and the analytical poignancy are the dominant features of the epic universe

Sustainable Development Prediction of Start-ups in Ukraine

Sustainable Development Prediction of Start-ups in Ukraine

Author(s): Oleh Sokil,Nazar Podolchak,Sviatoslav Kniaz,Yana Sokil,Lesia Kucher / Language(s): English / Issue: 7(63)/2022

Keywords: start-up management; innovation project; start-up success; forecasting;

The purpose of the article is to confirm the success of start-ups in Ukraine, which will be achieved through a trend analysis of the integral indicator of the success of start-ups in Ukraine using polynomial forecasting of the 4th degree. The research methodology is based on the analysis and collection of data on indicators of the effective existence of the macro and microenvironment in Ukraine, an index analysis of the most significant indicators characterizing the prospects and efficiency of start-ups, trend analysis. Empirical data allowed to formulate a hypothesis: that there is a theoretical and methodological ability of the integral indicator of the success of start-ups in Ukraine to ensure the relevant trends in their sustainable development. The specific features and stages of development of start-ups were analyzed in the article. The study notes recommendations for creating an effective start-up and its financing. The procedures for collecting, analyzing, and processing information made it possible to build a trend line and forecast an integrated indicator of sustainable development of start-up success in Ukraine.

IDENTITY NEGOTIATIONS: AMERICAN WAR CORRESPONDENT LEIGH WHITE AND THE PARTITION OF TRANSYLVANIA (1939–1940)

IDENTITY NEGOTIATIONS: AMERICAN WAR CORRESPONDENT LEIGH WHITE AND THE PARTITION OF TRANSYLVANIA (1939–1940)

Author(s): Carmen Andraş / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: American war correspondents; interwar Romania; Leigh White; identity negotiations; the cession of Transylvania; propaganda; travel;

The present study applies the concept of identity negotiations, used in the field of psychology to describe the processes of self-representations and social interactions, in the sphere of cultural and historical studies, applied in the research of the American war correspondent Leigh White’s reports about Romania between 1939–1940, more exactly about the partition of North-West Transylvania. The attention will be focused on the negotiations between the identity representations of this correspondent about Romanians and minorities in this space and how social interactions satisfy or contradict self-representations and the objective goals of these interactions. The historical contexts in which these identity negotiations take place between the self and the other (the others, in the multi-ethnic and multicultural space of Transylvania) will be those with an extreme identity charge, proving how negotiations and communication can be suppressed in conditions of war. The study focuses on the dramatic event represented by the cession of North-West Transylvania in favor of Hungary as a result of the Vienna Award in August 1940, with references to the Bucharest Pogrom of January 21–23, 1941, with the crimes and atrocities committed against the Jews, a subject that will be treated in a separate study. Journalists such as Leigh White and his colleagues Cyrus L. Sulzberger, Robert Parker, Robert St. John, Leland Stowe, Countess Rosa Goldschmidt Waldeck, or Ray Brock will try to understand the identity traits of the others, knowing their historical and cultural context and, at the same time, trying to negotiate with their own baggage of stereotypes, or with the propagandistic directions of the official American or Romanian discourses, or, in extreme cases, with local censorship. American war correspondents proved to be not only over-qualified and over-professional, but also cosmopolitan, tolerant, experienced professionals or young novices, full of energy and enthusiasm, struggling to get at any valuable information, regardless of distance and dangers in war zones. They were sharp observers, checking the news and comparing it with other sources before sending their reports to American publications. In this way, Romanian-American identity and cultural negotiations took place above local human interactions.

FASHION, CINEMA, AND GERMAN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA IN 1930s BUCHAREST

FASHION, CINEMA, AND GERMAN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA IN 1930s BUCHAREST

Author(s): Sonia Andras / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: interwar era; gender; Hollywood; Nazi Germany; United States; Romania;

This paper explores how Bucharest’s cinema-going public perceived the Nazi influence on Hollywood in the 1930s. The aim is to identify how Nazi propaganda was disseminated and consumed in interwar Bucharest and its similarities to the idea of glamour, relevant both to fashion and cinema. Considering the links between Goebbels’ propaganda machine and certain entities or individuals in Hollywood, US cinematography becomes a more complex medium of dissemination beyond a mere promoter of modernity’s technological and consumerist ideas. Romania’s situation in the 1930s, especially the increasing leaning towards the extreme right then inform movie star image, particularly through a gendered lens, as perfect tools for propagandists. The interwar cinema-centered Romanian discourse involves a triple filtration, through Hollywood, Berlin, and Bucharest, as a complex depiction of the Romanian public’s ideals and views. To illustrate these points, I will analyze relevant written and visual texts from the interwar era, including fiction, memoirs, essays, nationally and locally spread cinema-centered and general periodicals, postcards, or photographs. The interdisciplinary research will include cultural studies (fashion, media, cinema, gender), history, and discourse analysis. This innovative perspective on fashion and cinema in an interwar Romanian context adds to the existing knowledge by opening new research topics and subjects in the fields of fashion studies and Romanian studies.

A RELIGIOUS COLD WAR: INHERITING THE INTERWAR US RELIGIOUS POLICY TOWARDS EASTERN EUROPE IN COMMUNIST ROMANIA

A RELIGIOUS COLD WAR: INHERITING THE INTERWAR US RELIGIOUS POLICY TOWARDS EASTERN EUROPE IN COMMUNIST ROMANIA

Author(s): Anca Şincan / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: proselytism; American religious policy; religious Cold War; David Funderburk;

The present article looks at the religious policy developed during the interwar period to encompass the ideological war with communist Russia that was later translated in what the literature termed the religious Cold War. It will regard this policy through the political and religious positioning of the US ambassador to Romania during the Reagan administration, David Funderburk. The article looks at the appointment of the North Carolina professor as ambassador as accomplishing the type of politics that were described by the literature as religious Cold War that reach an apogee in the Reagan years.

THE AMERICAN COLLECTORS AND THEIR INTEREST IN ROMANIAN ART IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

THE AMERICAN COLLECTORS AND THEIR INTEREST IN ROMANIAN ART IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

Author(s): Roxana Mihaly / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: art collectors; the interwar period; Romanian artist; Brâncuși; US;

The 20th century has often been defined as the era of great changes, of interconnections, of the circulation of ideas, which constantly undergo changes under the pressure of the context, all of which inevitably marked and influenced the artistic concepts of the time. Any artistic creation is due to the impact of the antagonistic exposure that the artist makes between the creative impulse and the reality that is often foreign to art. Almost every time when we talk about art, this cannot be sustained, valued without those who consume the art. When the artist’s work resonates with the image of feelings, the connection between the artwork and the art collector is inevitable, but each work is experienced by the individual in his own way. Throughout history, art collectors have been either important names of the aristocracy or people financially very powerful, they marked the history of art in one way or another, even reaching in time to acquire the skills of a specialized connoisseur. Considered the cultural center of the arts in the interwar period, Paris represented an ideal meeting point between Romanian artists and art consumers from the USA. Names such as Edward Steichen, the lawyer John Quinn, Alfred Stieglitz, Walter Pach or Peggy Guggenheim were previously attracted by the art of Brâncuși, Victor Brauner or Hedda Sterne.

Poland in the Digital Age: A brief geopolitical assessment within the context of Artificial Intelligence and emerging technologies

Poland in the Digital Age: A brief geopolitical assessment within the context of Artificial Intelligence and emerging technologies

Author(s): Roger Rangel / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2020

Keywords: AI Nationalism; Poland; digital sovereignty; AI Geopolitics; Russian AI;

Within the three casual mechanisms known so far in relation to the emergence and spread of AI Nationalism, this short piece of research strives to combine recent IR literature involving cyberspace and AI with new insights from the institutional economic perspective and Neoclassical Realism, in order to make an introductory assessment focused on Poland’s geopolitical challenges in the Digital Era. Since the analytical focus of this article concentrates on the case of Poland, the discussion can be perhaps also relevant for other countries pertaining to Central-Eastern Europe.

Climate and environment on the EU geopolitical chessboard

Climate and environment on the EU geopolitical chessboard

Author(s): Anna Zalewska / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2020

Keywords: geopolitics;

The regional perspective of the knowledge-based economy and Europe 2020

The regional perspective of the knowledge-based economy and Europe 2020

Author(s): Zdzisław W. Puślecki / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2019

Keywords: knowledge-based economy; regional development; Triple Helix model; constructed advantage; innovation policy; increase of education; Europe 2020; Horizon 2020;

In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the regional perspective of the knowledge-based economy and Europe 2020. The Europe 2020 programme is the European Union’s growth strategy for the coming decade and especially for new budget perspective 2014–2020. In a changing world, representatives of the EU want it to become a smart, sustainable, and inclusive economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help the EU and its Member States deliver high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion. Concretely, the Union has set five ambitious objectives — on employment, innovation, education, social inclusion, and climate/energy — to be reached by 2020. Each Member State has adopted its own national targets in each of these areas. Concrete actions at EU and national levels underpin this strategy. The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the knowledge-based economy from the regional perspective and the program Europe 2020. The particular main concern is the increase of the importance of the knowledge-based economy in the region, the Triple Helix model constructed advantages, programme Europe 2020 and financial instrument of this programme — Horizon 2020.

Music – main character in theatre productions

Music – main character in theatre productions

Author(s): Antonella Cornici / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: music; theatre; sound; character; show;

What we hear in a theatre production is as important as what we see. The sound universe has always been present in theatre, starting from the renowned gong sound and ending with the roaring of the applause. Let’s not forget that the gong is one of the oldest and most authentic musical instruments of all times, used for thousands of years in the healing and meditation ceremonies and maybe healing is a part of theatre’s mission. Music has invariably been a vital entity in theatre productions. In fact, the music in the shows came at the same time with the birth of theatre. Music is a “crucial instrument” in theatre’s “accompaniment”

The importance of meaning in the act of creation

The importance of meaning in the act of creation

Author(s): Iulia Lumânare / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: meaning; art; creator; culture; change;

The article addresses the notion of "meaning" and its forgotten necessity in the act of creation, both of the actor and of the director, with the aim of redefining the responsibility they have in forint of the spectator, so that their act would become a creating one again. Meaning, not just something that was created, but that continues to create, so that theatre does not remain a mere tool, but that it restores its function. For this, it is necessary that the act of creation does not remain the unconsciously narcissistically manifestation of the one who makes it, but that the manifestation would become a consciously revealing one towards the one who is meant for it. Using the impossible exhaustive knowledge of the field of abyssal psychology - itself not being an exact science -, the article appeals to empiricism as the only way by which "meaning" can be researched, and confronts the weakness of the authors to have forgotten their responsibility, by giving into the need to generate pleasure at the expense of meaning.

“Bonjour, bourgeois” or undermining the realist convention in The Greek Weird Wave

“Bonjour, bourgeois” or undermining the realist convention in The Greek Weird Wave

Author(s): Emanuel-Alexandru Vasiliu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Yorgos Lanthimos; Athina Rachel Tsangari;

The Greek Weird Wave is an ongoing cinema movement, some researchers state, which debuted with Kynodontas (directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, 2009), finalised – aesthetically speaking – once performance art was introduced in the film Attenberg (directed by Athina Rachel Tsangari, 2010). There are aesthetic links and links regarding conception between the above-mentioned directors, as the two films can be interpreted through the same critical device. Overcoming the aesthetic conditioning can be felt in the second internationally-produced film directed in 2015 by Yorgos Lanthimos, The Lobster, in which the first sequence, thought out as a prologue, is unique through the fact that the character in it does not reappear in the remainder of the film. Another director, who draws closer to a different perception of the real, is Babis Makridis through the films Oiktos (Pity) (2018) and Ornithes (I pos na gineis pouli) (Birds (or How to Be One)) (2020).

Execution of plies – basis of classical dance technique

Execution of plies – basis of classical dance technique

Author(s): Anca Iorga / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: plié; motor skill; basic movement;

We rest our endeavour on the fact that the correct technical execution of classical dance movements may lead to the development of specific motor skills and their accurate performance, hence leading to higher precision in movement. This will result in increased body stability when at rest and in motion, increased number of pirouette turns and in higher joint range of motion. This research aims at determining the interindividual differences occurring in similar training conditions in children learning classical dance techniques, and the way in which the proper acquisition of movement mechanisms helps improve the execution technique. Higher mobility of lower limb joints combined with the development of muscular strength in the lower body may lead to accurately performing the classical dance technical elements. We measure the subjects’ mobility of the lower limbs and the maximum amount of force generated by their lower body muscles during the first year of study. At the end of the year, after developing the basic skills, the subjects undergo retesting. Proper training at the appropriate time is an important indicator of measuring the accuracy of performing the motor skills developed over the years, thus contributing to a long and injury-free career of the dancers.

The Limits of Film within the Limits of Theatre, in Two Examples

The Limits of Film within the Limits of Theatre, in Two Examples

Author(s): Emanuel Alexandru Pârvu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Film; Theatre; Acting; New Wave; Technique; Procedure; Analysis; Lucian Pintilie; Radu Jude; Communism; Creativity; Arts; Aesthetics;

Using conventional procedures involves, regardless of the art form, knowing their distinctive elements, how the particularities of that art form works in its ideal parameters – can’t play a song on a brush – and, most importantly, knowing where the limit is between the experiment and the conventional product. The latter has no negative connotation – on the contrary, I believe we are sorely lacking well-made conventional products (in both theatre and film), created not necessarily after a recipe (which could be interpreted as commercially-oriented), but at least with a coherent slalom through style and aesthetics. Still, it is the experiment (and most of all the cross-disciplinary experiment) that gave birth to the arts we are discussing (theatre and film), discovering new forms of expression. In this piece, we will discuss the identities of Radu Jude and Lucian Pintilie, in their form of cinema expression in which they use all the elements specific to theatre, from the conventionality of the space to the present indication, from the formal props to the intent lighting, from the melding of specific technical elements to the spectacular editing.

Specific training methods in the art of classical dance

Specific training methods in the art of classical dance

Author(s): Marian Chirazi / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: methods; dance; physical training;

Arts performers, especially actors, dancers, choreographers, show directors, are increasingly involved in the optimization of physical training and motor skills techniques to help them improve the interpretive performance during the shows. As well the scenic expression forms progressively require the improvement of physical capacities, such as: strength, velocity, endurance and coordination. In fact the examples described stimulate the ability of the human body (or the individual body segment) to perform a certain type of physical action (by engaging and stimulating effort) in the shortest time (velocity), as long as possible (endurance), to overcome a greater weight (force) in the most effective development of motor skills (coordination) - which includes several factors as: mobility, agility, motor memory, etc. – all determined by the artist`s physical training practice.

Multiple Spectacular Identities or about variations of artistic forms on the same subject

Multiple Spectacular Identities or about variations of artistic forms on the same subject

Author(s): Stanca Maria Bogdan / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: identity; theatre; opera; I.L. Caragiale; Paul Constantinescu;

In the creation of humanity, there are several subjects that have proven universal, crossing the ages. They have been individually approached by most of the arts, notably by the performing arts, thus acquiring multiple identity forms of expression. Due to the notoriety born from the fascination they have exercised over generations, some subjects have even come to be represented in all the performing formulas of art. In Romanian creation, the subjects of numerous popular or cult literary texts, lyrical or epic, became sources for the creators of the performing arts. At the same time, some of the dramatic texts crossed beyond the stage of the classical theatre. The plays of the most performed local playwright, Ion Luca Caragiale stand out here. In the relationship between classical and lyrical theatre, the most representative illustration is „O noapte furtunoasă”. Caragiale's play was turned into an opera by Paul Constantinescu, the composer thereby marking a triple national premiere: the first opera buffa, the birth of recitative in Romanian opera and the first male role en travesti for a female voice.

The actor's dramaturgy: identity, freedom, and discipline

The actor's dramaturgy: identity, freedom, and discipline

Author(s): Sorin-Dan Boldea / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: actor's dramaturgy; identity; theatre discipline; actor-dramatist; collectivity;

In trying to discover ourselves as artists, we are too often on the verge of making mistakes, or sometimes we may even commit acts that we will never be able to motivate or repair. There are many such acts, but two stand out among them. The first, as a common feature of every generation, is letting go of the past. The second, probably more dangerous than the first, coagulates in the future artist's desire to act similarly to the one who is successful or to the one whose work is said to represent the model and, therefore, success. On the wire stretched between these points each one of us dances at some point, until, if we're lucky, we fall and go our separate ways.

Research into the lexis in the field of folk costumes based on the Spiš Dialect Corpus data.

Badanie pola tematycznego z zakresu stroju ludowego na podstawie danych z Korpusu Spiskiego

Author(s): Helena Grochola-Szczepanek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: thematic vocabulary; folk costume; corpus data.

The purpose of the article is to discuss the names of folk costumes from contemporary speech of the inhabitants of Spiš in Poland. It is common knowledge that as the traditional forms of rural life disappear, so do archaic names replaced by new, more general terms.The data come from the Spiš Dialect Corpus. The obtained results consist of a collection of about 150 names of elements of folk costumes. The description is divided into thematic fields concerning men’s and women’s outfits. The names vary in terms of formality, semantics, geography and frequency.