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Resilience, Burnout and Psychological Well-Being Levels of Oncology Nurses

Author(s): Yeter Sinem Üzar Özçetin,Gizem Sarıoğlu,Sümeyye İlayda Dursun / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: Cancer; oncology nurse;resilience; well-being;

The aim of this study was to examine the resilience, psychological wellbeing and burnout levels and related factors of oncology nurses it this study. The study was conducted using descriptive design with 61 Oncology nurses Data were collected with 'Introductory Data Form' evaluated by the researchers; Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; Maslach Burnout Scale; and 'Psychological Well-Being Scale. It is found that oncology nurses have moderate levels of resilience, burn out and psychological well-being. Moreover, it is found that resilience is an important predictor of burn out and psychological well-being. At the end of this study, it is showed that oncology nurses have moderate levels of burnout, resilience and psychological well-being. According to the data sheet, nurses emphasized higher burnout and powerlessness. This result is important because it emphasize that oncology nurses are effected deeply by the cancer process of patients and need support in overcoming their psychosocial problems.

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The Relationship Between Coping Styles and Avoidance on Posttraumatic Growth in Type II Diabetes Patients

Author(s): Mithat Durak,Emre Şenol Durak / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: posttraumatic growth;stress;coping and stress;diabetes mellitus;

Although there is a great deal of literature dedicated to the adverse effects of diabetes-related stress in these patients, the concept of posttraumatic growth has been studied in a few studies. The present study aims to examine the possible associations of the stressfulness of event, coping strategies, number of hospitalizations, number of children, and income on the posttraumatic growth in patients with diabetes. For this purpose, patients with Type-II diabetes (n=218) were recruited from various hospitals in Turkey. The model which is based on the “Life Crises and Personal Growth Model” of Schaefer and Moos was tested. Results revealed that when the effect of the number of hospitalizations, number of children, and income were controlled, higher problem-focused coping, seeking social support, avoidance coping styles, and cognitive avoidance were associated with higher posttraumatic growth. Considering the interventions to patients with diabetes in clinical settings, professionals specifically focus on problem-focused coping, seeking social support and avoidance.

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Effect of Basic Emotional Facial Expressions on Time Perception

Author(s): Şengül Erdoğan,Zeynel Baran / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: Time perception; attention; arousal; emotional facial expressions;

The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of stimulus duration manipulations of pictures expressing universal six basic emotions by using a prospective paradigm including verbal estimation and reproduction tasks. The study was conducted with 75 participants (47 female and 28 male) who verbally estimated and reproduced the duration of emotional facial expressions (anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, happiness and neutral) presented for different durations (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ms). In each presentation duration, durations of all emotional facial expressions were perceived to be shorter than target durations and temporal distortions increase with duration of intervals. On the other hand, durations of all emotional facial expressions except the sadness facial expression were perceived longer than the duration of neutral facial expression. According to internal clock model and in the context of arousal and attention, tendency to underestimate the duration of emotional stimuli compared to target duration was consistent with an attentional model while tendency to overestimate duration of the emotional stimuli compared to duration of neutral stimulus was consistent with the arousal based model. The findings of this study suggested that in regard to the effects of emotional facial expressions on time perception, not only the involvement of effects emanating from arousal and attention but also memory and decision making processes could have an effect due to the type of temporal task difference.

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Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of Compassion Fatigue Short Scale

Author(s): Sevgi Dinç,Mine Ekinci / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: Compassion fatigue; scale adaptation; reliability; validity;

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale (CF-SC) in Turkish. The data of the study were obtained from 128 nurses working in a university hospital. In order to determine the factor structure of the scale, explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Cronbach α coefficient, item-total correlation were used for criterion validity. In light of the results of the explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, the scale showed a two-dimensional structure. The factor loadings of all items of the scale were found to be over 0.40, and without subtracting any item from the scale, two sub-dimensional structures were accepted similar to the original scale (x2 = 106.72; df = 61; RMSEA = 0.007; p = 0.0001). CF-SC Cronbach α coefficient is 0.876; for secondary trauma sub-dimension of 0.748 and for job burnout sub-dimension of 0.852. As a result of this study, Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale has been found to be a valid and reliable assessment tool in evaluating compassion fatigue.

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Relationship between Childhood Traumas and Eating Attitudes in College Students

Author(s): Pervin Tunç / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: eating disorders;childhood traumas;

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive effect of childhood trauma and several sociodemographic features on eating attitudes.. 612 university students participated in this cross-sectional work. Data were gathered using the Childhood Trauma Scale, Eating Attitudes Test, and Demographic Information Form. The hypothetical model which was planned to be tested in the study was designed with respect to the relational scanning model. According to the analysis, physical neglect was found to have a predictor role over ‘thinness obsession’; and sexual abuse was found to have a predictor role over ‘dieting’. Obesity anxiety and feeling of social pressure was found to be prevalent among females. Body mass index was found to have a predictor role over obesity anxiet’ and feeling of social pressure. In conclusion, assessing sexual abuse and physical neglect might be instructive in planning possible interventions in eating disorder cases and should be considered in treatment.

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Relationship between Attachment, Emotion Regulation Process and Sexual Dysfunction Level: A Model Proposal

Author(s): Fatma Mahperi Uluyol / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: Attachment; sexual dissatisfaction; emotion regulation; emotions;

From the beginning of adolescence, sexual life, which has an increasing importance in a person's life, is affected by psychological, sociological and biological factors. In this study, the role of emotion regulation processes and positive-negative experiences was tested with Structural Equation Models with Path Analysis to explain the relationship between insecure attachment patterns and sexual dysfunction that is frequently studied in the literature. The sample of the study consisted of 201 women, with 35 or above scores on the Golombok Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale, whose ages range between 18 and 31 years. When the direct relationships were examined, women who had insecure attachment patterns and who had higher negative experiences had higher sexual dysfunction levels. In contrast, the increase in emotion regulation difficulties was related to a decrease of sexual dysfunction level. However, difficulties in emotion regulation processes were positively related to sexual dysfunction level when indirect and total effects were taken into consideration. In addition, the avoidant attachment pattern predicted sexual dysfunction better than anxious attachment pattern.

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Relationship between Coping Strategies and Subjective Well-Being at Different Levels of Relative Deprivation

Author(s): Fatih Özdemir / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: subjective well-being; life satisfaction; perceived stress; coping strategies; relative deprivation theory;

The aim of this study is to control the demographic variables (age, gender and perceived social-economic status) and investigate the relationships between coping strategies (task-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping, and avoidance-oriented coping) and cognitive and affective dimensions of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and perceived stress, respectively) in low-level and high-level deprived samples. The research data were collected from 218 low-level deprived and 193 high-level deprived individuals aged between 18 and 26 years. Basic research hypotheses were tested with hierarchical regression analysis. Consistent with the hypothesis, regardless of the relative deprivation level, task-oriented coping strategy was positively associated with subjective well-being, whereas emotion-oriented coping strategy was negatively associated. The significance of the relationship between avoidance-oriented coping strategy and subjective well-being depended on the perceived deprivation level. This research has demonstrated the importance of providing the correct cognitive responses in the process of coping with a negative situation such as deprivation. Results supported that the effectiveness of the coping strategy is related to the severity of the negative situation and the cognitive and affective needs of the individual.

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Effect of Encounter Group Application Integrated with Psychodrama Techniques on Codependency

Author(s): Yağmur Ulusoy,S. Sonay Güçray / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: Codependency; psychodrama;

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of encounter group application, integrated with psychodrama techniques, on codependency. In the present study, the nested design method, a mixed design, was utilized. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with control group, where pre-test, post-test and follow-up test measurements were conducted. The study group randomly included 28 female junior and senior pre-service psychological counselors and 14 were included in the control group and 14 in the study group. The quantitative study data were collected with Composite Codependency Scale and focus group interviews were conducted to collect the qualitative study data. An encounter group application, which was integrated with psychodrama techniques, was implemented with the study group for 14 sessions. No intervention was conducted with the control group. As a result of the conducted analyzes, the quantitative findings demonstrated that experimental study was effective in reducing codependency, self-sacrifice and suppression of emotion scores. However, it was not effective in reducing interpersonal control scores. It was found that the qualitative study findings were similar to the quantitative findings.

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Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale

Author(s): Zeynep Belma Gölge,Seda Akdemir / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: Transgenderism; Genderism, Transphobia; Gender bashing;

The purpose of this study was to adapt the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale to use in Turkish population. The study was conducted with 218 university students. Participants were asked to fill out, Genderism and Transphobia Scale, the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale developed by Walch et al., and demographic information form prepared by the researchers. Construct validity of the scale was first tested by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity of the scale was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient. The reliability value of the scale was calculated by Cronbach alpha coefficient. 158 (72.5%) of the participants defined their gender as female, 58 (26.6%) as male, and 1 (.5%) as other. CFA showed that the goodness of fit of the model was satisfactory (SRMR = .048, X2 = 437.534, df = 170, p <.001 X2/df = 2.574, IFI = 90, CFI = 90, RMSEA =.08). Factor loadings ranged from .46 to .84. The Turkish form of the scale showed one factor structure, which is fit with the original structure of the scale. The scale also demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= .95, Guttman split-half coefficient = .93). Given the results of statistical analyses, The Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals is found to be valid and reliable to use in Turkish population.

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Relationship Between Serum IgE Level and Anxiety, Depression, Somatization and Quality of Life in Pediatric Asthma

Author(s): Zekeriya Deniz Aktan,Özlem Sertel Berk,Fırat Erdoğan,Sedat Öktem / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Keywords: Asthma; pediatric asthma; IgE; mental health symptoms;

The main purpose of the current study is to explore the potential relationship of asthma with depression, somatic predisposition, quality of life, manifest anxiety and Serum levels of IgE level. 141 participants between 6 and 12 years old were recruited and the following scales were used: Child Depression Inventory, Revised Version of Child Manifest Anxiety Scale, Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Somatic Complaints Subscale of Child Behavior Check List. Based on asthma control level, severity of asthma was assessed by the specialists and the serum levels of IgE were assessed by using ELISA technique. Initially, correlation analysis conducted between expressed levels of anxiety, depression, quality of life, somatic complaints, asthma and serum levels of IgE. The results indicated that there was a highly correlated relationship between serum levels of IgE and manifest anxiety levels among uncontrolled asthma group. These results suggested that, since the strong correlational relationship between the serum levels of IgE and manifest anxiety would have an effect on asthma control, future research should focus on this relationship from the aspect of psychoneuroimmunology.

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Holistic Technological Addiction of Modern Age: Phubbing

Author(s): Faruk Caner Yam,Tahsin İlhan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Addiction; techology; smart phone; phubbing;

Recently, technology addiction and its types are one of the biggest problem areas of today's people. These types of issues have primarily gained a new dimension with the development of the smartphone while internet and gaming addiction and social media addiction. Individuals have become able to access all technological services at any time thanks to their smartphones. In the following period, a new problem area, called smartphone addiction, has been created with the improvements in smartphone technology and the intensity of usage of individuals. After these developments, it has been seen that smartphone addiction affects the social communication of people negatively and individuals focus on their smartphones instead of communicating in social environments. For this situation, which is difficult to explain by smartphone addiction, the concept of phubbing, which consists of the words phone and the word snubbing, has been developed. In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the related literature by explaining the components and dynamics of phubbing concept, internet addiction, game addiction, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, fear of abductions, nomophobia and netlessphobia.

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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Bipolar Disorder

Author(s): Burcu Ebru Aydoğdu,Gülay Dirik / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Bipolar disorder; mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy;

Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly utilized as a psychotherapy approach for bipolar disorder, empirical findings do not always support the effectiveness of CBT on bipolar disorder. Therefore, the need for different psychotherapy approaches that can be applied to bipolar disorder has arisen. Recently, the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on bipolar disorder has begun to be investigated. In the present review, studies investigating the effects of MBCT on bipolar disorder were gathered to investigate whether the MBCT, which was examined for many disorders recent years, is also effective or not in bipolar disorder. Therefore, 12 studies reached via databases were examined in terms of sample characteristics, methodological backgrounds, and results. In the reviewed studies, it has been found that MBCT provides a reduction in anxiety, depression or mania/hypomania symptoms and an increase in mindfulness levels of people with bipolar disorder. Moreover, participants were tended to indicate that they benefited from MBCT. It was also observed increase in the participants’ attention, information processing, memory, emotion regulation, and positive affect. However, it was seen that these findings were not supported in all studies. Because these studies were mostly conducted with people who were in remission period, whether MBCT leads reduction in manic and hypomanic symptoms was not totally clear.

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Neurological Basis of Bodily Self-Consciousness and Related Psychopathologies

Author(s): Ege Tekgün,Burak Erdeniz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Bodily self-consciousness; out-of-body experiences; multisensory integration; rubber hand illusion; full-body illusions;

The change in the body awareness of people depending on the dynamic processing of the multisensory signals from the body has been revealed the bodily self-consciousness approach. Recent studies have proposed that the processing and integration of multisensory signals (i.e. vestibular, somatosensory) are fundamental requirement for bodily self-consciousness. Perception of body-parts and global aspect of whole body can dynamically change depending on the congruency between signals from multiple modalities (i.e. vestibular, somatosensory). The basic assumption of the studies investigating bodily self-consciousness is that the bodily experiences are related with the multisensory signal processing. The aim of the present article is to review how the bodily self-consciousness is studied experimentally and discuss the underlying sensory processes. In addition to that, we discussed the limitations of the previous experimental studies.

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Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Zeynep Hilal Çelik,Oya Mortan Sevi / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: smoking cessation; cognitive-behavioral therapy; treatment; intervention;

Smoking has become one of the most prevalent problems worldwide that causes significant illnesses even deaths. To specify, it has been found that people suffer from cancers, heart diseases and strokes due to the use of tobacco. As soon as the investigations about this field progressed, researchers discovered the physiological and psychological dependence behind smoking. By the reason of its hazardous consequences, a variety of treatment options are now available. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is accepted as an effective method in treatment of smoking cessation. In this article, it is aimed to review the studies which investigate the effect of CBT on smoking cessation. For this purpose, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and PsychARTICLE databases has been searched and studies that include CBT intervention are selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Specifically, the studies in which the participants are not diagnosed with any psychological or physiological disorder, older than 18 years, and does not use any kind of medication were included to the review. 20 studies fitting the including criteria are assessed in detail. As a result, CBT-based treatments can be accepted as a successful method for smoking cessation, especially when combined with medication and NRT.

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Mindfulness-Based Interventions in The Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Gülşah Durna,Selva Ülbe,Gülay Dirik / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Mindfulness; female sexual dysfunction; treatment

Female sexual health has become a growing field of research and focus of clinical practice in the last 10-15 years. Mindfulness-based interventions, which emphasize the focus of attention on here and now experiences without being judgmental but with an accepting attitude, have emerged as a promising treatment option for women with sexual dysfunction. In this context, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of mindfulness-based psychological interventions in women having difficulty at various stages of sexual functioning. In line with this purpose, several databases were searched with the keywords of “sexual dysfunction AND mindfulness”, “sexual desire AND mindfulness”, “sexual arousal AND mindfulness”, “sexual pain AND mindfulness”, and “orgasm disorder AND mindfulness”. Based on PRISMA decision criteria, 13 research article published between 2000 and 2017 have been identified. The findings indicated that both individual and group-oriented mindfulness-based therapies significantly improved sexual dysfunctions in various aspects of the sexual response cycle and these improvements were maintained in the long term. Besides the primary outcomes related to sexual functioning, it appears to cause positive changes in many areas such as depression, anxiety, couple harmony, and communication as well.

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Recovery in Mental Illness: Concept Analysis

Author(s): Reyhan Doğan,Neşe Mercan,Çiğdem Yüksel / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: recovery; mental illness;concept analysis;

The concept of recovery is used by different disciplines. In the mental health field, various definitions are encountered for recovery. The meaning of recovery is unique for every individual with mental illness and there is no universal definition for it. In the field of mental health, it seems to have more than one sense of recovery from the view of the person, his/her family, health professional and clinic perspective. It is of great importance to clarify the concept of recovery in order for health professionals to construct practical, concrete interventions that are built on the definition of recovery and also specific to the individual with mental illness. The aim of this study is to analyze the concept of recovery in mental illnesses. Concept of recovery was examined by Walker and Avant's concept analysis method. By reviewing the literature; between May -September 2018, in Pubmed, Science Direct, Ovid and Google Academic databases with key words of “recovery, healing, wellness, mental health, concept analysis” and 5 Turkish and 18 English articles, 2 books, Turkish Language Institution dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary were reached and examined. The analysis is carried out according to Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method and in the first step, the concept is selected as 'recovery' and in the second step the purpose of concept analysis is determined. In the third step, lexical definition of the concept of recovery determined and all uses of concept that may be discovered is identified. In the fourth step, the defining attributes of the concept are determined as individual, hope, meaning, relationship, support, empowerment. In the fifth and sixth steps, the concept is discussed in terms of defining attributes in a model case, in borderline case and contrary case. In the seventh step, the anteceden factors leading to the emergence of the concept are trust, acceptance, respect, human rights, culture and recovery programs; the consequences that emerged after recovery has been identified as insight, coping, responsibility and functionality. In the last step, empirical referens are defined and various measurement tools were introduced to evaluate recovery. It is thought that a detailed concept analysis of recovery in mental illnesses will contribute to both clarification of the concept and presentation of recovery-focused services in the mental health field.

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Nursing Interventions Applied to Alcohol Dependent Individuals: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Zeliha Yaman,Mualla Yılmaz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Alcohol dependence; nursing; intervention; systematic review;

This study is a systematic review designed to explore the research conducted by nurses with alcohol-dependent individuals and to determine the effects of the reviewed studies on those individuals. The literature search was conducted for studies published between July 1, 2013 and July 30, 2018 in Turkish Psychiatry Directory, ULAKBIM Medical Database, Turkish Medline Database, PubMed, EBSCO Host and Science Direct databases, and a total of seven studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The reviewed studies reported on interventions administered to alcohol-dependent individuals based on the Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention Program, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Self Help Booklet, Psychoeducational Program, Yang Style T’ai Chi Practice, Cognitive-behavioral Model-based Psychoeducation and Exercise Intervention, Psychiatric Nursing Approach Based on the Tidal Model, and Electroencephalography-based Neurofeedback Training. The procedures performed in the reviewed studies were found to have positive effects on alcohol-dependent individuals’ mental health. Given the scarcity of research conducted in Turkey by nurses with alcohol-dependent individuals, it is important to conduct randomized controlled studies in this area and transfer their implications to practice in order to improve individuals’ quality of life.

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Animal Assisted Therapy

Author(s): Arzu Çakıcı,Mehmet Kök / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Pets; Animal Assisted Therapy; Human-Animal Interaction;

Animal assisted therapy is an alternative treatment method based on human-animal interaction, used as complementary to the main therapy in order to cure and enhance the living conditions in individuals affected by chronic diseases or mental disorders. Animal assisted therapy is known to be used as a complementary therapy in many illnesses and disorders such as widespread developmental disorder, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, loneliness, anxiety and depression. In various researches carried out abroad, duly conducted therapies along with an expert and competent team has given positive results. In our country, the number of studies conducted in this area is limited. In this review which tries to study animal assisted therapy in multiple dimensions, the definition, history, areas of use of animal assisted therapy and the animal species used in the treatment have been presented, and the different lifestyle applications such as childhood and old age have been interpreted. Given the positive results of animal assisted therapy in the treatment of illnesses and mental disorders, it is believed that its implementation as a complementary therapy in our country, trials of varying animal species in the treatment and its practice in other mental disorders and illnesses will be of benefit.

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Nomophobia: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment

Author(s): Ece Bekaroğlu,Tuğba Yılmaz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Nomophobia; DSM-5; anxiety disorders; differential diagnosis; therapy;

Developing communication technologies have enabled mobile phones to develop and perform many functions. Common and frequently used mobile phones can cause some behaviors and emotions in humans. Nomophobia is one of these disorders and is called fear of people being away from mobile phones. Nomophobia was found to be related with some demographic variables (young age), personality characteristics (extraversion), emotions (fear of missing out), and needs (need for touch). From a clinical psychology viewpoint, depression, anxiety and stress were examined in the etiology of nomophobia. Diagnostic criteria for nomophobia were developed and nomophobia was proposed to be included in psychiatric disorders in DSM-5. In this study, nomophobia and a range of psychological disorders such as separation anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, impulse control disorders and addictions were compared in terms of differential diagnosis criteria. In addition to being risky in terms of physical health of the person, nomophobia negatively affects psychological health. Nomophobia increases stress and it is associated with depression and anxiety disorders. Moreover, it can cause insomnia and it adversely affects the academic success of the young adult group. Cognitive behavioral treatment interventions and existential psychotherapy approaches are known to be effective in the treatment of nomophobia.

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Ontological Well-Being (Life Project)

Author(s): İlker Kaba / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Ontological well-being; a life project; positive psychology; well-being;

There has been an increase in the emphasis on the positive feelings and strengths of individuals in the mental health by the emergence of positive psychology approach. Subjective well-being, one of the most important concepts of positive psychology; that consists of life satisfaction, positive and negative emotional components, and is considered as an emotional and cognitive assessment of the individual's life. The concept of ontological well-being, apart from subjective well-being, focuses on the evaluation of one's own life as a project and is the evaluation of life with the consideration of the past, the future, and the present. In this review, "ontological well-being" will be examined in various dimensions as a contemporary subject and several suggestions will be presented to researchers who share this perspective.

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