Evaluation and Management of the Suicide Risk in Psychiatry Patients
Author(s): Emel Bahadır Yılmaz / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 4/2019
Keywords: suicide; risk management; safety;
The risk of suicide is very common among the patients with psychiatric disorder and needs an emergency response. There are some signs specific to the disorders indicating increased risk of suicide. It is important that firstly health workers must identify these early warning signs and determine the risk of suicide. After evaluating the risk of suicide, what needs to be done is to establish a safety plan with the patient. Safety plan is an important initiative that protects the patient from suicide attempt and guides the patient about what to do when the crisis is experienced. The safety plan includes information such as strategies to be used by the patient to stay safe, early warning signs, coping strategies, contact information for social supports, family members or friends and telephone numbers of crisis units. It is recommended that the security plan prepared in the light of this information should be used by psychiatric nurses in the clinic. The creation of a safety plan will prevent or delay the patient's risk of attempted suicide as much as possible.
Nowadays, it’s seen that one-way perspectives have been replaced by a multidisciplinary perspective in the evaluation of mental health disorders. One of them is developmental psychopathology approach that examines disorders in many ways. In this review, it is tried to investigate the literature about how the developmental psychopathology approach is defined, the basic principles and how it provides perspectives while examine different issues. As a result, developmental psychopathology approach still provides new insights into the definition, prevention and treatment of mental health disorders, and also sheds light on mental health professionals in both academic and clinical areas.
In this review, systemical evaluation of the potential relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity is aimed. Based on DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria, written in English and/or Turkish except the case reports, sistematic rewievs and meta-analysis published in the Pubmed database between January 1990 and December 2017 are included in the study. Evidence based on emprical analysis suggests that subjects with ADHD are heavier than expected. Moreover, nearly all reviewed studies indicate that the prevalence of ADHD in obese patients, especially those treated in obesity clinics, may be higher than expected. Future studies will be useful in regulating the health policies and increasing the quality of life for ADHD and obesity, both of which are high-risk morbidity.
Healing Mental Health through Reading: Bibliotherapy
Author(s): Gülşah Sevinç / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 4/2019
Keywords: bibliotherapy; major depressive disorder; trauma; grief;
Bibliotherapy is the method of healing through reading and it refers to the therapeutic process in which the client makes use of books and educative materials for improving his/her mental health. There are three types of bibliotherapy: the one which is used in clinical settings, developmental bibliyotherapy and creative bibliotherapy. The main purpose of this review is to provide information on the types of bibliotherapy. Another purpose of this review is to reflect the effectiveness of bibliotherapy for mental health problems. Research indicates that bibliotherapy is effective when it comes to treating a variety of pathological symptoms which prevail in major depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, grief and trauma.
It is an important necessity for individuals to feel the psychological effects of the events they experience at a minimum level and to continue their lives without being alienated from themselves, without experiencing identity confusion and to continue their lives within the public awareness and social unity. Meeting of this need is related to dealing, examining and fully understanding of the self-alienation problem together with terrorist attacks. In this respect, the aim of this review was to examine the terror and its ideological structure and to underline the problem of self - alienation which is considered to be related to the terrorist attacks.
Although hoarding has been considered as a type of obsessive-compulsive disorder before, some differences that were found lead to reclassify hoarding as a separate disorder under obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders in DSM-5. Patients with hoarding disorder have negative feelings like strong fear when considering getting rid of items and exaggerate the importance of possessions. Different cognitive behavioral therapy protocols including individual, group and self-help treatments are used for treating hoarding disorder. The aim of this study is to review empirical studies that were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of hoarding disorder. The 12 studies fitting the search criteria were included in this review and were summarized in terms of their methods used and their therapy characteristic. The studies included in this review suggested that cognitive behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder is effective in decreasing the symptoms of the disorder and/or the accompanying problems like depression and anxiety.
In recent years, the number of smart phone applications developed for physical and mental health has been rapidly increasing. The rapid growth in the use of smart phone applications provides an alternative and supportive option for the treatment of mental illnesses. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of mobile applications related to mental health by using randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Within the scope of the study, English articles published in several databases were searched using specific terms. Twelve eligible studies fulfilling the research criteria were evaluated in terms of contents, sampling, study method and findings of the applications. The findings of the current studies revealed that mobile applications are generally effective in reducing the symptoms of the mental illness and feasibility and usability of smart phone applications were reported by participants.
Neurofeedback Training in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Author(s): Ferhat Yaylacı,Handan Özek Erkuran,Fatih Hilmi Çetin,Halil Kara / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 4/2019
Keywords: ADHD; neurofeedback; treatment;
Identified with symptoms of deficits in attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence. With its neurobiological underpinnings, most effective treatment of the disorder has so far been reported as drug therapies. In addition to pharmacological interventions, other non- pharmacological treatment strategies have also been suggested, in order to efficiently improve symptoms and overall functioning. Among nonpharmacological ADHD treatment techniques,Neurofeedback has long been phrased as a treatment strategy for the condition,since early 1970s. Preliminary studies showed that neurofeedback was effective in treatment of ADHD. However, well-designed studies and meta-analyses show that the efficacy of neurofeedback is not clear.
Tidal Model in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Practices
Author(s): Beyhan Bag / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 4/2019
Keywords: Psychiatric nursing; the Tidal model; nursing models;
The tidal model is an explanation for the care services offered in mental health and psychiatric nursing to the paradigm shift in illness-health axis. Using the Recovery approach in model construction, the attitude towards a mentally challenged individual is redefined independently of the diagnosis and treatment processes. The purpose of this article is to introduce the model and discuss its portability to the field of mental health and psychiatric nursing practice.
Keywords: skill training; community mental health, cognition;
The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of skill training provided in a community mental health center to cognitive functions and activities of daily living of patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder. Our study included 39 patients, who regularly attended the skill training carried out in a community mental health center. The patients were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale at the beginning of the study and at the end of 6th month. A statistically significant increase was observed at the end of 6th-month scores of both scales compared to their baseline values. As a conclusion, the skill training help patients improve their cognitive functions and they are assumed to enable patients to perform their daily activities on their own by having a positive contribution to their activities of daily living and to help them become more active in their social relationships.
The objective of the study is to investigate the psychometric properties of Turkish version of the Criminal Thinking Scales. The sample of study consisted of 627 persons, aged 18 years and over, 295 women and 332 men who declared not received psychiatric diagnosis and/or treatment at the time of the study or in the past. The reliability of the scale was analyzed using Cronbach alpha coefficient. The validity of the scale was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity methods. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a factor structure that close to the original form, 23 items and 6 factors: entitlement, criminal rationalization, power orientation, cold heartedness, justifica-tion/blaming others and personal irresponsibility. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that fit values of the model were satisfactory. Cronbach’s alpha for the scale was .79 and ranged from .50 to .74 for the dimensions. In conclusion, the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Criminal Thought Scales was acceptable.
The aim of this study was to investigate hope and hopelessness in infertile women by using Seligman’s theory of “learned helplessness”. The study was conducted using a phenomenological research design. Fifteen infertile women whose treatment had failed were purposively selected. Data were collected via a semi-structured interview technique. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The main themes relating to hope were individual and social/environmental factors; the main themes relating to hopelessness were individual and social/environmental factors, and the treatment processes. The infertile women made more statements expressing their sense of hopelessness than hope. Women experienced fluctuating feelings during treatment and that unsuccessful treatment resulted in a sense of hopelessness and helplessness. Hopelessness experienced as a result of negative unsuccessful experiences of treatment leads to feelings of helplessness by suggesting to infertile women that their treatment will fail and that they will not be able to live a successful life. These feelings cause women to cease treatment. Health professionals need to take infertile women’s psychological needs into account and consider their personal feelings and values.
The Relationship Between Premenstrual Syndrome and Mental Health Variables in Adolescents
Author(s): Gülgün Uzunoğlu,Zekeriya Deniz Aktan / Language(s): English
/ Issue: Suppl. 1/2019
Keywords: premenstrual syndrome; depression; quality of life; anger;
Premenstrual syndrome is a frequently encountered psychological and physiological disorder in adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of premenstrual syndrome with quality of life, level of anger and depression. One hundred fifty-six female high school students were recruited for the study. All completed sociodemographic form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Quality of Life Scale for Children (Adolescent Form) and The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Results indicated that whilst the severity of premenstrual syndrome increases, depression and level of anger significantly increase, however, quality of life decreases. The partial mediation effect of depression and anger on the relationship between quality of life and premenstrual syndrome were found to be significant when examined separately. Moreover, anger had a significant partial mediation effect on the relationship between depression and premenstrual syndrome. In conclusion, in the treatment of individuals with premenstrual syndrome, the dimensions of depression, anger and quality of life should be controlled first and the relationships between these variables should not be ignored.
The purpose of this study was to examine alexithymia levels and abilities to recognize facial emotions among psoriasis patients and compare with healthy controls. Sixty psoriasis patients diagnosed in dermatology clinics, and 65 age, sex and educationally matched healthy controls were assessed for this randomized controlled trial. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was applied to patients in dermatology clinics, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-1 Disorders, 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT) were applied to patients and controls in psychiatry clinics. Patients’ mean TAS-20 total scores were higher, while their ability to recognize negative facial emotions were lower than the control group Patients might have underestimated especially negative emotions over time, for a possible defense mechanism against depression and anxiety. Alexithymia levels were significantly related with psoriasis disease severity. Thus, alexithymia might be a predictor for severity of psoriasis.
This study aims to investigate the relationship among alexithymia levels and automatic thoughts from cognitive behavioral therapy concepts. For this aim, Fisher Score analysis was applied to determine the most effective attributes of the automatic thoughts scale. In addition, the level of alexithymia was predicted by the introduction of the data set into the machine learning methods of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). It is aimed to develop a roadmap of what automatic thoughts should be given priorities in studies. The research, from 10 different provinces of Turkey, was performed with a total of 714 participants, of which 386 (54%) male and 328 (46%) female. Personal information form, Automatic Thoughts Scale and Toronto Alexithymia scale were applied to the participants. The data set obtained from the scale of automatic thoughts was applied to the feature selection by using the Fisher Score method and a data set containing 5 attributes was obtained. As a result of the implementation of the SVM method to this data set, the alexithymia level was predicted with 4.01 RMSE error. The results show that the features of the automatic thoughts are related to the alexithymia level.
The aim of present study is to examine the effect of neurofeedback training on attentional processes in two groups of healthy adult participants. During the experiment, participants in the experimental group were required to complete two puzzles displayed on the computer screen while having neu-rofeedback training. During this procedure, performance on the puzzles was based on participants’ brain activity that was recorded from the Cz area. Moreover, before and after completion of seven neurofeedback sessions, Stroop task was used to measure selective attention performance. Results for the Stroop task showed that although there was a significant reaction time difference before and after the neurofeedback training, there was no significant main effect of group (experimental vs. control group). Furthermore, the reaction time to complete the puzzles across the sessions did not differ significantly between the experimental and the control group. Improving the training program by increasing the number of training sessions and employing a more attention-demanding task in the training sessions might have resulted in an expected effect of neurofeedback.
Keywords: psoriasis; art therapy; group therapies;
This study aimed at investigating the themes that emerged after an art therapy and assessing the effectiveness of art therapy using psychological scales and dermatological evaluation indices before and after the therapy in individuals with psoriasis. The study included patients aged 18-65 with moderate psoriasis who had the disease for 5 or more years and were in need of systemic treatment. Those who had a concomitant physical disorder including another skin disease, an active joint disorder or a psychiatric diagnosis other than adjustment disorder were excluded from the study. A total of 15 sessions each lasting 150 minutes were held once a week. Various art techniques including music, painting, and ceramics were practiced to evaluate within the group patients’ understanding of the illness and their self-awareness. The outcomes of the study were presented over three patients who attended the sessions regularly. The dermatological evaluations, patient feedback, and observations of the psychotherapists have shown that art therapy can be an effective method in attenuating the symptoms of psoriasis and evoking awareness of repressed experiences or feelings.
Technology Addiction among Students According to Teacher Views
Author(s): Engin Karadağ,Burcu Kılıç / Language(s): English
/ Issue: Suppl. 1/2019
Keywords: technology; technology addiction; students; views of teachers; qualitative research;
The aim of this study is to analyses students’ technology addiction and the role of the school in preventing technology addiction based on teacher views. The study was designed in accordance with the phenomenological design which is one of the qualitative research designs. Maximum diversity sampling method was employed in the study. The participants were twenty-five teachers working in public or private schools. The data of the study were collected through semi-structured interview forms and analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. The findings showed that the students mostly had social network addiction, online game addiction and instant messaging addiction. In addition, it was emphasized by the teachers that those students with technology addiction had low academic achievement and had difficulty in communicating with people in their environment.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate emerging adulthood from a goal-setting perspective in the frame of a developmental regulation model. The sample consisted of 396 participants aged between 18 and 30 years. The participants were administered a battery that consisted of Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Loneliness Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and questions to determine their life goals and appraisals of these goals. Both future and pasts goals were assessed. Qualitative data analysis indicated that emerging adults’ future goals were mostly related to occupation, education and family and their previous goals were frequently related to education and occupation. Furthermore, older or engaged/married participants stated goals related to family, while single participants most frequently stated goals related with occupation. The study revealed that life satisfaction of the goal engagement participants was significantly higher than those of the goal striving participants. The results showed that young adults set goals appropriate to properties of their developmental period. Furthermore, the results were emphasized the importance of goal appraisals and goal engagement for emerging adults’ well-being.
Antipsychotic drugs have many known metabolic and cardiac effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between electrocardiographic parameters and antipsychotic drug use in inpatients with psychotic disorder. For this purpose, electrocardiograms (ECG) of 200 psychotic patients who were hospitalized in our clinic were examined and the relationship between QTc interval, R-R distance and PR interval, the number of antipsychotic drugs used and the effect of antipsychotics on QTc were investigated. According to the data obtained, QTc intervals of the patients using multiple antipsychotic drugs were found to be significantly longer than those using monotherapy. When antipsychotic drugs were classified according to their potency on QTc, QTc intervals were found to be significantly longer in those receiving moderately effective drugs compared to lower effective drugs. In conclusion, considering the frequency of cardiovascular side effects in the follow-up and treatment of patients with psychotic disorder, multiple antipsychotic drugs use should be avoided as much as possible and drug selection should be given importance.
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