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An Investigation on Namings Around Bolu and Duzce Tombs

Author(s): Haktan Kaplan,Selçuk Peker / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Bolu; Duzce; tomb; entombed saint; folk beliefs;

Aim. The purpose of conducting a self-contained study on the naming of visiting places was the main motivation for this study. It is aimed to examine the historical background, visiting times, pre- and post-visit practices of mausoleum and grave visits seen in Turkish culture based on the regions of Bolu and Duzce, and to create a classification related to the ways in which the visi ting places are named. Methods. This study covers the places of visit in Bolu and Duzce provinces in general, and visits to mausoleums in particular. Research: traditions, customs, rites, ceremonies have been revealed based on folk beliefs by using the discipline and methods of folklore. The data were collected through interview, participatory observation, and unattended observation methods. Results. As a result of this study, in Bolu 50, in Duzce 17 the tomb and the grave were examined and it was determined how and according to what these sacred places received their names. Conclusions. In almost every study conducted on sacred places of visit, various researches have been carried out by different disciplines on the naming of sacred places, and a new naming study was being conducted each time according to the characteristics of the region. This has led to the emergence of independent classifications. In this regard, there has been a need to conduct a comprehensive study of the naming and including the characteristics of the person buried in the grave. Based on this need, it was both the first in this field of study and a classification was put forward.

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Higher Education System in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals (on the Example of Georgia)

Author(s): Manana Darchashvili / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Georgia; education; sustainable development; goals; relations;

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study, analyse and present the readiness of Georgia in the modern period to meet international problems – it is the main goal of sustainable development, including higher education. The government of Georgia, since ancient times correctly understood the role of education for future prosperity, currently the government is doing its best to meet the international challenges in the fourth goal of sustainable development - education, including higher education. Methods. The paper is presented based on official documents, scientific research papers, analysis, and the historical-comparative method. Results. The article presents important challenges for the integration of the Georgian state into the European space at the present stage, which is enshrined in the Constitution (Parliament of Georgia, 2018) and several important documents. In this context, promoting access to education is an important international agreement for the country to overcome modern global challenges - one of the most important goals of sustainable development - an important precondition for strengthening the socio-political and cultural development of society. Conclusion. The paper is based on the study/processing of international and local official materials, as well as expert research has the opportunity to assess the readiness of the higher education system to follow the goals of sustainable development. The country’s relevant structures are actively creating all the conditions for the convergence/engagement of the Georgian educational space under modern international standards which has been demonstrated in practice by the capabilities of higher education institutions.

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The Dual Model of Practical Professional and Pedagogical Training of Future Teachers for Vocational Schools in Germany

Author(s): Andrii Turchyn,Olexandra Kashuba,Tetiana Kravchuk,Halyna Navolska,Halyna Derkach / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: vocational school teacher; practical vocational training; occupational practice; school practice; pedagogical internship; duality; Germany;

Aim. The aim of the research is to identify and analyse the particularities of a dual model of practical professional and educational training of future vocational school teachers in Germany; to outline the prospects for the use of advanced ideas and positive experience of such a model in the training teachers in higher pedagogical educational institutions. Methods. The following methods have been used: interpretative - analytical method, some elements of general philosophical dialectical method (analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparing, systematisation, generalisation); empirical level methods (interview, observation); the method of theoretical generalisation. Results. The prospects of using the positive experience of a dual model of practical professional and pedagogical training of teachers of vocational school in Germany in a similar practice of teacher training have been determined: initiation of previous practical activity in the production of the chosen speciality as a necessary prerequisite for admission to a higher education institution; introduction of pedagogical internship; cooperation of higher education institutions with enterprises, institutions and organisations. Conclusion. A dual model of organising practical vocational training for future vocational school teachers, guarantees a high level of practical training for higher education applicants, makes balance among the educational needs of young people, labour market requirements and educational opportunities.

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The Great Depression. Informal Citizenship Education in a Usurpatory Democracy

Author(s): Aleksander Kobylarek,Martyna Madej / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: informal education; citizenship education; democracy; usurpation; politics;

Many countries have had people in power who were mower-mad and hungry for money as their representatives. In the case of Poland, there is quiet acquiescence to unethical actions by the authorities for the sake of one’s own benefits, and a commonly accepted aversion to politicians (Zalec, 2022). of all kinds, which may be linked to the country’s history. Those in power have become usurpers who do not care about the rules, the constitution or EU law, nor are they afraid of any punishment. Those who oppose these precedents become enemies, murderers or are accused of spreading propaganda. The country is divided into two camps - those who support the current government and those who are against it. The consequences do not only affect individuals, they are sometimes extended to entire municipalities where the current ruling party has lost the election. Ignorance or lack of civic knowledge can cause some voters to ignore the fact/not realise that their passivity is nevertheless supporting the current government. Crucial to combating this phenomenon is reliable informal citizenship education, carried out in an ongoing, emotionally charged way, appealing to the positive sides of informed citizenship and not discouraging to politics. The value of democracy should be taught.

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Sustainability Values in Religious Education

Author(s): Peter Kondrla / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: sustainable development; Christian values; religious education curriculum; innovation; teacher training of religious education;

Aim. The aim of the article is to identify opportunities for religious education in the field of promoting the values of sustainable development. By identifying key concepts, define options for future strategies in the implementation of sustainable development values in school teaching of religious education. Methods. The starting point is the analysis of the current religious education curriculum, which governs the teaching of religious education and is approved by both state and church authority. Based on the analysis, identify strengths and weaknesses and define potential areas within the curriculum where sustainability values can be applied. Results. The values of sustainable development and Christian values are based on a common anthropological platform, which is based on the dignity of the human person. Religious education should also be based on this platform. Conclusion. In order to apply the values of sustainable development, it is necessary to adjust the current curriculum in terms of content and scope of topics. At the same time, it is necessary to innovate in the way of training future teachers. The goal of innovations is the internalization of sustainability values within the value orientation of both teachers and students

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Culture of Reminiscence as a Part of Cultural Education

Author(s): Kristína Jakubovská,Viera Jakubovská / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: reminiscence; cultural education; cultural institution; individual memory; collective memory; social frames of memory;

Aim. The study explores the importance of culture of reminiscence with its identificational and integrational potential for the society and the ways that culture of reminiscence is applied within cultural institutions by means of cultural education. Methods. We used several scientific methods such as relational and content analysis, observation, induction and heuristics. Results. The research study summarises the role of cultural institutions within the culture of reminiscence and outlines various forms of reminiscence to be observed in cultural educational programmes. It explains the potential of cultural institutions and the roles they play within collective commemorating. It has interdisciplinary and applicational character and includes practical tips for cultural managers and cultural educators. Conclusion. Collective memory is an important condition for reproduction of culture and cultural identities. Individual memory is determined by social and cultural contexts (reference to Maurice Halbwachs´s social frames of memory). Cultural education naturally works with the notions of collective memory, traditions, identity and reminiscence. At the same time, it resembles a tool by means of which cultural identity, character and collective memory of individuals and social groups can be consciously shaped. Beside identificational context, there is also a prospective integrational and inclusive potential of cultural education. Several forms of reminiscence are applied within cultural education: reminiscence as reconstruction; reminiscence as (re)interpretation; reminiscence as creation; reminiscence as prevention and civic involvement; reminiscence as a tool of forming cultural identity; reminiscence as an expert reflection.

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The Divergence of Experts’ Views on a Mentor Competence Profile

Author(s): Alena Hašková,Tereza Guziurová,Slavomíra Klimszová,Eva Malá / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: mentor; mentee; mentor competences; mentor training; international projects;

Aim. The paper focuses on the divergence of views of experts from four European educational institutions on key competences, which would become the basis for a successful performance of a mentor position. They should be taken as the key items of a mentor competence profile. Methods. A panel discussion – specifically, a focus group interview as its alternative form – was used to determine how the experts assessed particular competences of the mentor competence profile, i.e. to identify which competences they considered to be the key ones of the mentor competence profile. The panel discussion was led by six focus groups, members of which were experts representing four different countries from six universities: two from Slovakia and the Czech Republic, and one from Hungary and Serbia. Results. The intention of the conducted panel discussion was to find a common view and consensus on the key competences required for a successful performance of the mentor position. However, the results of the panel discussion showed a significant divergence of the opinions on the fundamental mentor competences depending on the country the experts were from. Differences in the views on the issue examined by experts representing different institutions from the same country also occurred, but proved to be inconclusive. Conclusion. Mentoring is currently considered one of the most important means of developing pedagogical competences of future and novice teachers. The results of the conducted panel discussion may contribute to the creation of a platform on which an adequate professional mentor training can be designed.

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Psychological Safety of Volunteers During the War

Author(s): Nina Pidbutska,Yuliia Demidova,Anastasiia Knysh / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: psychological safety; war; volunteers; resilience; team;

Aim. The article is aimed at determining the indicators of psychological safety inherent in volunteers with signs of emotional exhaustion in combat zones. Methods. The study included the following methods: a) testing: Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire (EEQ), Psychological Safety of Individual Questionnaire; b)statistical analysis: methods of descriptive statistics (percentage, minimum, maximum, range, standard error, mean, standard deviation). The group of respondents included 48 people, who were involved in volunteer activities in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine from March 2022 up to November 2022. Results. It was determined that the largest subgroup in the general group of respondents were volunteers with a high level of emotional exhaustion (46%) – these are people who feel general tension and do not remember the last time they experienced positive emotions. Among all the indicators of psychological safety, the indicators of moral-communicative and internal comfort turned out to be the least developed. Conclusions. Volunteer groups need specially organized psychological help and support, just like military or military medics. The constant danger of the activity, the need to be in contact with different people, moral fatigue lead to rapid emotional exhaustion and can causehealth disorders or even cost the volunteer’s life.

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Teachers in the Private and Public Spheres: Ethical Orientations in Educational Interactions

Author(s): Veronika Michvocíková,Mariana Sirotová,Krzysztof Rubacha,Ewelina Książek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: ethical orientations ;educational interactions; private sphere of teachers; public sphere of teachers; gender stereotypes; parental role; care;

Aim. The main aim of the article is a presentation of a comparative study of differences in ethical orientations used by teachers in educational practice in two settings: in private life as parents and in the public sphere, working as teachers. Methods. First, a hypothesis was proposed to test the observations by Lawrence Kohlberg (1984) and Carol Gilligan (1993) regarding the relative stability of ethical orientations in terms of the ethics of care and justice. To this end, an assumption was made that teachers prefer the former in contacts with their own children (private sphere) while favouring the latter in relationships with students (public sphere). The paired samples t-test confirmed this hypothesis. Results. Based on the analysis, gender was found not to influence teachers’ ethical orientations in the private sphere; however, it seems to play a part in the public sphere. This ambivalence was revealed in male teachers. Contrary to gender stereotype, in contacts with their own children, they tend to lean towards the “feminine” ethics of care, but when acting in their public capacity they perpetuate the “masculine” stereotype by following the ethics of justice in their school interactions. Conclusion. It is worth emphasising the ambiguity of the results obtained and the instability of their interpretations. The actions of the teachers studied do not confirm the thesis about the stability of ethical orientations in educational work and are, therefore, indicative of ambivalence towards the role of gender in this process.

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Do Adult Learners Who Engage in Torah Study as a Leisure Activity Report Higher Levels of Meaning in Life than Learners of General Enrichment Studies?

Author(s): Ora Alkan,Nitza Davidovitch,Talma Kushnir / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: adult learners; Torah study; leisure; meaning in life; enrichment studies; spirituality;

Aim. The aim of the research is to assess whether adult learners engaged in Torah/Bible studies report higher levels of psycho-social resources, specifically spirituality, meaning in life, hope, and social support, than learners who attend general enrichment courses, and whether psycho-social resources contribute to their meaning in life. Methods. Participants were 234 men and women over age 55 who study regularly in their leisure time: 56 Torah students in the hevruta (communal learning) method, 50 Torah students who participated in frontal Torah lectures, and 128 adults who attended lectures on various enrichment subjects. Participants completed self-report questionnaires that included demographic information and characteristics of the course, evaluations of the learning experience, the Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure, the Snyder Hope Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the PIL – Purpose in Life questionnaire. Results. Torah and enrichment learners did not differ in meaning of life and hope. Torah learners reported a stronger learning experience, higher levels of transcendentality (an aspect of spirituality), and more social support from their peer group. For all learners, social support from the family was the strongest contributor to meaning in life, followed by hope and finally the communality aspect of spirituality. Conclusions. Findings confirm the importance of the human need for relatedness in determining meaning and suggest that the social milieu in which the leisure activity is held may be more important for cultivating meaning in life than the discipline studied.

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Social Interventions in the Family in the Post-COVID Pandemic Period

Author(s): Martina Pavlíková,Patrik Maturkanič,Amantius Akimjak,Sławomir Mazur,Tsafi Timor / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: social intervention; pandemic; post-pandemic situation; social work;

Aim. The main aim of the authors of this study is to indicate the problem areas of individuals and the families during the pandemic and post-pandemic situation which occurred in connection with a deteriorating social and societal situation. Methods. Using a literary descriptive and deductive method, the authors identify, indicate and analyze not only epidemiological measures and the possibilities of applying social interventions in the individual and in the family, but also draw attention to state measures taken to manage new conditions of family life. Results. The analysis indicates a broad issue that affects individuals, families, and groups, as well as societal sectors. The authors point to the provision of interventions through social work, which takes into account the basic characteristics of the family. Social intervention therefore becomes an important tool in solving problematic situations of any small or large social group. Conclusion. The pandemic and post-pandemic situation brought about a number of problematic situations that had to be solved dynamically and, in many cases, through crisis intervention. Forms of assistance to individuals and families brought cohesion and unity, but also brought a number of other concerns reflecting the current adverse societal situation into the wider environment.

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The Equal and the More Equal: Pupils’ Experiences of School in Lithuania in the late Soviet Era

Author(s): Irena Stonkuvienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Soviet school; egalitarianism; Lithuanian SSR; late Soviet era; oral history;

Aim. The aim of the article is to reveal the experiences and attitudes of pupils who attended schools in the late Soviet era (1960s-1980s) towards the implementation of egalitarianism policies in the schools of the Lithuanian SSR. The analysis of the qualitative research material focuses on the word “felt” in the phrase “We all felt equal then”, i.e., not so much on the fixation of social (in)equality by analysing the indicators of social class or economic status, but on the subjective experience of equality as a manifestation of human dignity. Methods. Following the methodology of oral history, material was collected during 32 in-depth interviews with people who had attended schools in the Lithuanian SSR in the late Soviet era. Results. Several themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews relating to the expression of egalitarianism in the Soviet school: the social class of the pupils; the economic situation of the parents; and the ability of the parents to have the socalled “blat”. Conclusions. The study revealed that the implementation of the policy of egalitarianism officially declared by the Communist Party in the education system was subject to several reservations. In Soviet Lithuania, just as in the whole society, there were a lot of manifestations of blat, corruption, and favouritism. These were influenced by the positions held by pupils’ parents, belonging to the nomenklatura and/or the ability to establish informal contacts. Pupils from rural schools had fewer opportunities to pursue higher education.

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Mass Communication as a Part of a Military Strategy: The Military Base of the Russian Federation in Occupied Abkhazia and Management of Local Public Attitudes

Author(s): Manon Bokuchava,Serhiy Shturkhetskyy,Mariia Zubarieva,Nataliia Voitovych / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: mass communication; media; military purposes; Abkhazia; Russia; NATO; Georgia; influence on the Black Sea;

Aim. The aim of this article is to define and analyse the intention and effects of the use of mass communication and media for military purposes. The authors examine the issue on the example of the Russian Federation and the unrecognized Republic of Abkhazia Methods. The method of the research is a qualitative, discursive analysis of media texts. Results. The study of the content of information platform sputnik-abkhazia.ru, created by the Russian Federation in Abkhazia, allows us to identify the main messages the above-mentioned platform disseminates and tries to enroot in the local community of Abkhazia. In the messages identified during the study an attempt is shown to convince the local audience of the military “invincibility” of the Russian Federation, a clear discredit of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) - and an open attempt to create an icon of the enemy from Georgia and the United States. In this way we see harmful, threatening cooperation of the means of mass media communication against society, carrying out military tasks. Conclusions. A study of the content of Sputnik-Abkhazia shows a clear example of the use of an information platform for military purposes. Given the current situation, we can argue that the informational efforts that the Russian Federation is making in Abkhazia will soon become a problem, not only for Georgia. Such cooperation between military tasks and information platforms serves to sow fear and mistrust in society, which creates fertile ground to rule the public opinion.

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Peer Mediation as a Means of Eliminating Conflict in the School Environment

Author(s): Lýdia Lešková,Lenka Haburajová Ilavská / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: conflict; mediation; conflict resolution; peer mediation; social pathology; school environment;

Aim. Peer mediation is a tool for the prevention of socio-pathological phenomena occurring in the school environment, is an opportunity to resolve conflicts through reconciliation. The paper focuses on the perception of the importance of peer mediation and on the presentation of the results of a questionnaire survey, the aim of which was to determine the respondents’ preferences after completion of the project process. Methods. The aim of the questionnaire survey was to determine how pupils and students perceive peer mediation. The survey sample consisted of selected pupils from 6 primary schools aged 10 to 15 years and students from 6 secondary schools aged 15 to 18 years. The questionnaire was completed at the beginning (year 2020 - N = 189, including 90 primary school pupils) and end of the project implementation (year 2021 - N = 124, including 56 primary school pupils). Results. The responses in the entry and exit questionnaires, the respondents declared after participating in the project process an increase in their experience with peer mediation, expressed an interest in becoming peer mediators and resolving personal and school conflicts through peer mediation. Conclusion. Peer mediation engages pupils in a common dialogue to resolve conflicts at school through reconciliation and is a suitable way to prevent undesirable social phenomena in the school environment. The results of the research showed that respondents preferred peer mediation and perceived it as an appropriate form of conflict resolution in the school environment.

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Methods of Re-Education of Specific Learning Disorders

Author(s): Ervin Weiss,Beáta Akimjaková,Gabriel Paľa,Yulia Biryukova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: methods; reeducation; case study; specific learning disabilities; individual education;

Aim. In a qualitative empirical exploration, the authors use case study research to identify opportunities for re-education of specific learning disabilities in two cases. They identify and analyse the methods and organisation of teaching and the intervention plan for change. They evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention procedures and highlight specific practical experiences of educators in working with pupils. Methods. The study analyses and interprets the risk of specific learning disabilities, identifies specific learning disabilities. In an empirical qualitative investigation, the authors use case studies and case studies that highlight two types of specific learning disabilities. Results. The studies confirm that specific developmental learning disabilities affect the lives not only of the pupils themselves, the parents, but not least the educators in the teaching process. The authors analyse and identify specific re-education methods in the implementation of the teaching process, pointing out the difficulty of solving the problem and unlearning special educators. Conclusion. The authors point out the need for selection of different methods of re-education of learning disorders on the basis of the individuality of the pupil, but also on the basis of different forms of solving problem areas in terms of recommendations of the special educator and the actual implementation of the teaching process by the educator.

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Reflection of Political and Social Development in the Religious Street Names of the City of Trnava and their Potential in Tourism

Author(s): Viliam JUDÁK,Lucia Petrikovicova,Henrich Grežo,Amantius Akimjak / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: toponymy; tourism; Trnava; pedagogy of place; place-based education; non-formal education;

Aim. From the point of view of the period of creation and historical development, we consider the streets of the historical core of Trnava to be the most dynamic, and why we focused on street name changes in the period from 1900 to the present in the area of the historical core of the city. Methods. As part of the methodology the classification by urbanonym, with the help of which we included the names of streets and squares into individual categories. A classification was used that divides urbanonyms into socially motivated and socially non-motivated, which are further divided into several subcategories. Urbanonyms are further divided into domestic and foreign. This classification is the most up-to-date of those mentioned and includes a category of religious names. Results. The category of socially significant street names, are divided at a lower level into the categories of politics, art and culture, church, science, crafts and trade, historical names and institutions. The most numerous is the group of names in the art and culture category, which includes 70 domestic and 10 foreign names, which together represent 25.89% of the total number of streets in the city. There are 15 streets in the categories of politics, church and science (4.85% of all 309 streets). Conclusion. Currently, Trnava can be characterised as a modern, dynamic city with a great influence on its surroundings. The restrictive measures taken in connection with the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 greatly affected the tourism sector and meant permanent closure for many businesses

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The Discourse of Daily Life during the War: the 2022 Ukrainian Projection

Author(s): Larysa Klymanska,Maryna Klimanska,Inna Haletska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian war; daily life in the wartime; qualitative research methods; war discourse; position of an outside observer; position of an optimistic fatalist; position of a rational optimist;

Aim. To define and describe the positions of Ukrainians in their attitude to the war with Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime. Methods. 25 transcripts of semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis. Relying on the categories identified through thematic analysis, the criteria differentiating the attitude of Ukrainians to the war, viz. personalisation/depersonalisation, media practice of content consumption, assessment of the we-they-relationship, reflection on the changes in daily life, the process of adaptation to changes, ideas of exemplary behaviour were established. Results. The analysis of the results enabled us to outline the problematic field of assessment of the attitude of Ukrainians to the full-scale war with Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime. Relying on the criteria differentiating this attitude, three typical positions were outlined – that of external observer, optimistic fatalist, and rational optimist Originality. The study was conducted in October-November 2022, on the ninth month of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, and it reflects the thoughts of Ukrainian civilians concerning the war and the process of adaptation to this complex situation. The use of quality methods (semi-structured interview) for the study ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of war and daily life during in wartime. Conclusions. The typology of ideas, types of attitudes of Ukrainians to the reality of war requires verification and further specification within a quantitative study aimed at clarification of quantitative figures representing the prevalence of the established positions.

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Reflections on War in Creative Context of Design Education in Ukraine

Author(s): Violetta Radomska,Solomiia Ponkalo / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: reflections on war; creativity; design education; pedagogical variability; creative motivation; topics and directions;

Aim. The aim of the research is focused on the analysis and determination of changes and priorities in the Ukrainian artistic and design discourse of education as inspired by the military actions in Ukraine in 2022–2023. Concept. The research materials are inspired by the basic concept of practical application of motivational aspects in modern design education. The outlined areas of research are aimed at refuting the stereotype of negative intentions in the subconscious perception of full-scale military operations. Results. The results of the dynamics of formal and conceptual priorities in the design of students in the conditions of the liberation war in Ukraine were obtained. Monitoring data is an essential basis for improving innovative, and most importantly, creative and variable pedagogical practice, which makes it possible to comprehensively implement it in the authoritative administrative state hierarchy. Conclusion. The results of the monitoring demonstrated the experience of the creative potential of the students of the Department of Design and Architecture Fundamentals (DOA) in difficult social and political conditions, which is directed to the positive aspects of the future victory.

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Realising Women’s Political Rights in Ukraine

Author(s): Marta Malets,Nataliia Lesko,Iryna Khomyshyn,Olha Skochylias-Pavliv,Halyna Lukіanova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: women’s right; gender quotas; election; political rights; Election Code;

Aim. The article attempts to study legal fundamentals of realising women’s political rights in Ukraine. Equal rights for women and men in all spheres of social and political life is the important condition and guarantee for strengthening democracy in Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted by applying general scientific methods of learning (analysis, synthesis, modelling) and private-scientific methods of learning (historical, retrospective, comparative and legal, formally logical). The general methodological basis of the article is made by dialectics, ensuring comprehensive studying the problems of realising women’s political rights in Ukraine. Results. Having analysed particularities of realising women’s political rights in Ukraine, it is worth noting that since 2010 gender quotas have not been set in the Ukraine’s election legislation until 2015. However, 2015 was the year of the first introduction of gender quotas, but they were not of imperative character. According to the new Election Code of Ukraine of 19 December 2019, gender quotas have become a mandatory regulation at the nomination stage. Conclusions. It is reasonable to make transformation of the stereotypes of the women’s role in politics and to draw more attention to mass media, contributing to extension of women’s political rights and destruction of the bias about women’s position in politics. Gender quotas in the election legislation of Ukraine are of great significance for all members of society in the political sphere, whilst it needs improvement of the administrative and legal mechanisms to ensure gender quotas.

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Gender Digital Divide in Migratory Contexts: The Case of Peruvian Migrant Women in Italy and Spain

Author(s): Mónica Ortiz Cobo,Renzo Ismaél Jeri Levano / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: migrations; inequality; gender; digital divide; Information and communication technologies; digital competencies; Peruvian migrant women; domestic services;

Aim. This ethnographic study explores the impact of the digital divide within the collective of Peruvian migrant women employed in a highly precarious sector, such as domestic services. Methods. This has become evident in this multisite and virtual ethnography, with the following objectives: to analyse the variables that affect digital exclusion, in addition to identifying and deepening the different digital competencies and uses of Information and communication technologies (ICT) in the migratory projects of Peruvian migrant women. In order to achieve these objectives, we undertook fieldwork during the COVID-19 pandemic in two contexts, Italy and Spain, using semistructured interviews and virtual observation, during which we employed online social networks as research tools. Results. Although digital inequality was a reality prior to COVID-19, it has been worsened by the pandemic, at which time we began our fieldwork. Inequalities between men and women in the different areas of society are reproduced within the context of new technologies. This is termed the gender digital divide and is considered a form of social exclusion, which intensifies and feeds back into itself. Gender inequality in terms of the use of ICT and digital skills intensifies in communities that are even more vulnerable, such as migrant women, whose plenary incorporation into information society is limited.

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