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Real Deletion, Time, and Possibility

Author(s): Randall E. Auxier / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: time; process; artificial intelligence; temporality; possibility; potency; Whitehead; Bergson

Does anything ever really “go away,” completely? This paper is a search for “real deletion,” and the metaphysics that must accompany real deletion. Why is that important? In artificial intelligence studies, researchers have offered a moving target for when artificial intelligence has been achieved. It began with the Turing test and has evolved through a thousand arguments (e.g., Dreyfuss’s What Computers Can’t Do, through Kurzweil’s “singularity” and into a hundred other criteria and thousands of discussions about what intelligence is and what it would mean to simulate or, as I favor, emulate it). This whole discussion is still just sorting through analogies to human intelligence, not approaching the thing itself, but good analogies must approach much more than analogous function: they must approach real indiscernibility. My arguments here will therefore be largely in the field of metaphysics and ontology, which is how I understand the word “real” in the phrase “real deletion.” I do not think that current researchers have rightly understood time and how it bears upon the criterion or criteria of artificial intelligence. Hence, I offer “real deletion,” in the sense to be described, as the criterion. The AI argument has implications for all of metaphysics as it relates to the fundamental character of time.

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From Metapsychologie to Realpsychologie: Archetypal Imagery in the Psychologies of C. G. Jung and J. Hillman

Author(s): Krzysztof Czapkowski,Andrzej Pankalla / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: image; archetype; C. G. Jung; James Hillman; archetypal psychology

Although the relation between the theories of C. G. Jung and J. Hillman has been thoroughly analyzed, this paper brings a new aspect of their lineage of thought to academic light. By means of the ideas of psychic Image and archetype, it reconstructs their evolution of thought—here presented in the context of Freudian Metapsychologie (with its primary meaning a psychological science replacing metaphysics) and Dilthey’s project of Realpsychologie (a descriptive psychology of dealing with the real activity of the soul). This study focuses on the years 1912–1979, during which period the independent Jungian school was established, and Archetypal Psychology by J. Hillman was formulated. The text is designed to provide both critical and historical account for depth psychology and psychology of Image.

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Imago Dei in St. Thomas Aquinas: A Philosophical and Anthropological Analysis of Man Created in the Image of God

Author(s): Wojciech Kilan / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: image; imago Dei; human; Thomas Aquinas

Image as a philosophical concept has a long and complex history that begins as early as antiquity. Christian scholars included it in their philosophical studies in the form of imago Dei. In this paper, I analyzed the works of St. Thomas Aquinas to determine the anthropological consequences that follow from the idea of human creation in the image of God. I first establish that humans as beings created in the image of God participate through their intellect in God’s nature. I then present three stages of human participation in God. Subsequently, I defend the classical theory of Aquinas against contemporary reinterpretation of his thought. I argue that Aquinas rightly claims that only the intellectual part of the human soul is, strictly speaking, created in God’s Image, while the human body (and other irrational creatures) resembles God in the likeness of a trace.

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Imaging the Absolute: Can Philosophy Visualize Abstractions?

Author(s): Leon Miodoński / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: Imagery; iconology; Jacob Böhme; Romanticism

This article consists of three parts: the first gives a synthetic outline of intellectual tendencies in post-Renaissance thought (Hermeticism, Alchemy, Kabbalah, which generated the iconic turn (emblematics, iconology). Its essence boils down to the integral relationship of the motto (lemma), the engraving (imago), and the poetic text (subscription). The second part is a more detailed analysis of one of the illustrations contained in the first volume of the German edition of Jacob Böhme’s works from 1682 (Gutenberg Project). The epoch, aesthetic tastes prevailing at that time and the Theosophical content of the work allow us to read this illustration from the point of view of iconology. The third part is devoted to two issues: First, one of the central themes in German idealism was the discussion around the notion of the absolute—whether the absolute can be grasped in concepts (Hegel) or in internal intuition (Schelling). Romanticism was dominated by a tendency to a subjective and speculative approach to the absolute. The philosophy and art of Romanticism was modeled on, among other things, medieval German mysticism and Böhme’s theosophy, seeking in these sources the best representation of what is unrepresentable, i.e., the absolute. Secondly, philosophical and artistic Romanticism developed a new type of imagery–language images. The dilemma that resulted from the discussion in German idealism—the notion or inner vision—from the modern point of view should be solved by a compromise: word and image.

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Images of Paradise, Images of Utopia: The Search for Community

Author(s): Karol Morawski / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: image; imaginarium; utopia; paradise; millennialism; revolution; community; exclusion

The aim of this article is not only to discuss specific images of paradise and utopia, which appear in various forms in European imaginaries throughout history, but also to show the connections of these images with political discourses aiming at changing the status quo and constituting a perfect, harmonious, and non-antagonistic community. The creation of such a community—despite the universalist visions that the imaginarium of paradise and utopia implies—is often based on the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion. Mechanisms of this type are above all characteristic of maximalist political visions and ideas that seek to solve all human problems definitively and completely. Such aspirations are linked with revolutionary attempts to realize utopia or to build the kingdom of God on earth.

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The Problem of the “Primeval Mind” and Symbolic Thinking in Early Anthropological-Philosophical Approaches..

Author(s): Ilona Błocian / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: symbol; image; symbolic thinking; primeval mind; development of thinking; “mythical thought;” “savage mind;” Cassirer; Lévi-Strauss

The article examines the concept of the “primeval mind,” the “savage mind,” and “mythical thought” in the approaches of early (Tylor, Lévy-Bruhl)) and later (Lévi-Strauss) anthropology with some philosophical approaches (Vico, Cassirer). The aim of the research is to demonstrate the common elements of these notions and to consider certain approaches from the point of view of contemporary research on the presence of the image in culture, indicating how much these early concepts help to understand the relationship between imaging and thinking, as well as its importance and impact on the “omnipresence of the image” in our culture.

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Androgyny and a Dream: Gaston Bachelard’s Question about a New Anthropology

Author(s): Kamila Morawska / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: Androgyny; anima; animus; dream; psyche; anthropology

Androgyny as the idea of unity and wholeness appears in the thought of Gaston Bachelard in the context of a poetic dream. It is in this dream, as we learn from “Poetics of Dreams,” that the reconciliation of anima and animus, female and male in one psyche, takes place. Bachelard calls the anima dream the philosophy of androgynous existence, which shows us a double idealization of humanity. The anima and animus, confirming the androgyny of the psyche, are Self-moments. This dual nature of mental being is expressed through two antagonisms represented by the function of reality (adaptation to reality and social life) and the function of irreality (the loneliness of dreams); supervised thought (criticism, censorship) and free dreaming (liking, acceptance, attachment); work (effort) and rest (relaxation); anxiety (project, anticipation) and peace (presence in oneself), especially around the duality that crystallizes in the distinction between the scientific mind (l’esprit scientifique) under the sign of the animus (concepts, knowledge) and the poetic mind (l’esprit poétique) anima (images, communion of souls). Androgyny, understood as the integral life of the psyche, is for Bachelard both a perspective and valuable, and he identifies attempts to seek it with the question of the meaning of human existence. The study of the dream shows its fundamental importance for the balance of the psyche. The power of images understood in this way then creates the art of living. In this sense, Bachelard becomes a precursor of a new perspective in the field of reflection on the issue of the image—it turns out that the image is responsible for the relationship between man and the world.

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Transgression of the Self—the Total Act in Jerzy Grotowski’s Laboratory Theatre and Jungian Archetype Experience

Author(s): Patrycja Neumann / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: archetype; Self; Grotowski; Jung; psychoanalysis

This article will be devoted to one of Jerzy Grotowski’s most important discoveries, the total act, a specific kind of action and experience. It was created as part of theatrical practice, but apart from the function related to the dramaturgy of performances, it had a higher purpose, associated with the search for the essence of humanity and sources of the experience of reality. Jerzy Grotowski sought to transform actors and observers, open them to what is authentic, alive and present. This achievement was a kind of experience in which the sacrum and the profanum are overcome. The total act allowed a person “to become watched” and, paradoxically, allowed them to participate in the duality of passive action, in which a person becomes an observer and agent at the same time. My goal is to describe the role of the principle of coexistence of opposites in the work of J. Grotowski. I am describing the total act as an opportunity to reach an experience of reality in which the mind and the body merge with each other. Humankind as a psychophysical unity precedes all differences in this experience, he or she is able to reach the very center of their own self, that which Jung called Selbst. According to J. Grotowski, this state is possible when the influence of myths and collective ideas is overcome.

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In the Land of Metaxú

Author(s): Jan Krasicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 62/2023

Keywords: metaxu; image; icon; symbol; myth; Socrates; Plato

The article poses the question of the role of symbolic cognition in philosophical cognition. The starting point is the analysis of Diotima’s famous speech quoted by Socrates in Plato’s Symposium. The issue is presented in a panoramic approach from ancient to modern times

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FOLKLORIC ELEMENTS IN THE LYRICAL WORK OF EMIL BOTTA

Author(s): Mariana Ionela Mitrofan (Iorgulescu) / Language(s): English / Issue: 32/2023

Keywords: folklore; lyric; nature; existence; Emil Botta;

The folklore and the very history of our people is a source of inspiration and it seems that "poems are mentally polished to be written at once”. Poetry of the coordinates of existence (life and death, truth and beauty), Emil Botta's lyrical work evokes the emergence of profound and generally valid questions, which arouse signs of doubt and the impulse to try to unravel them. Starting from the idea that the poet is obviously more familiar with the nocturnal elements than with those given by the daylight, with the seasons than with the days, with the mountains than with the city environment, with the legendary life than with the daily one, with death than with living life itself, it can be said that Emil Botta's poetry envelops the reader with musicality, using a language that seems innate and uttered without mistake, with unique associations of words, exclamations and confessions. His poetic originality is given by the use of dissolved elements from a personal lyric, in which only folkloric expressions still retain some independence, through pleasures from folk tales, especially related to certain archaic heresies.

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FUNERAL CUSTOMS AND BELIEFS IN THE TRADITIONAL ROMANIAN VILLAGE. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LANDMARKS

Author(s): Viorica Pîrvan (Soavă) / Language(s): English / Issue: 32/2023

Keywords: beliefs; plants; burial; myths; symbols;

In man's attempt to decipher the mystery of death he wanted to understand the meaning of life. Life and death are connected, if life is the beginning of the line, death is its end. But the line is the same, the beginning and the end are part of the same process. Death is and remains an incomprehensible, undeciphered phenomenon, a great mystery, a great secret that only leaves room for the imaginary. If we can understand man's attitude towards death, we understand his attitude towards life. For the traditional man, who is himself a religious man, death is not just an end, but a life within another life. Death is even represented as a path to true life. He prepares for the great journey from his lifetime and makes sure that he lives in a faith-based way to secure a good place for himself in the next world. Thus, death is not seen as final or meaningless, but on the contrary, it brings with it a rebirth to another level of existence. The three great thresholds in every man's life are birth, marriage and death. Of these three great thresholds, the last threshold is of special importance because it, more than the others, brings to light all the beliefs, feelings and thoughts of man.

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BRITISH AESTHETICISM

Author(s): Maria Cristina Fulop / Language(s): English / Issue: 32/2023

Keywords: Aestheticism; Pre-Raphaelitism; Decadence; Victorian poetry;

Aestheticism was a counter-movement to the Victorian industrialism in mid-19th century. It has its roots in the Pre-Raphaelite movement and poets have been frequently labelled with both terms. Its central tenet is the cult of Beauty and the theory argued that the primary function of art was to elevate aesthetic standards, tossing off the idea initiated by Ruskin and Arnold that art should serve a higher moral or societal purpose. Artists draw inspiration from the past, either Hellenic, medieval or Renaissance and their symbolism. British Aestheticism is characterized by its heavy use of symbols, sensuality, suggestion rather than declaration, and synesthetic effects. Decadence and early symbolism are both linked with the late age of artistic development. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Walter Pater, and Oscar Wilde are all significant figures in British aestheticism.

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FLORIAN-ANDREI VLAD, SPACE, PLACE, NARRATIVE IN JOHN QUINN’S POETRY. BUCUREȘTI: EDITURA UNIVERSITARĂ, 2020

Author(s): Daniela Ianole / Language(s): English / Issue: 32/2023

Keywords: place; space; poetic cartography; regionalism; identity;

In his perceptive monograph of a significant poet, Florian Andrei Vlad sees John P Quinn as asserting and confirming his sense of self. This sense and of belonging to a common American identity is achieved, in Vlad’s opinion, by means of the poet’s artistic articulations having to do with, and in response to, cultural alterity. Quinn territorializes concrete places, thus artistically appropriating them, accommodating them in wider spatial cartographies. These cartographies that he forges and the various poetic narratives he puts forth, tell a lot about his poetic world, about his confirmation of a narrative of the self, what E. Erikson calls a firm ego identity, what F.A. Vlad considers to be a remarkable fusion of experiential and artistic identity itineraries.

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Medicine as an inspiration for the literature. Selected examples

Author(s): Katarzyna Rakoczy,Julita Kulbacka / Language(s): English / Issue: 28/2022

Keywords: literature; medicine; social consciousness; art; poetry;

The literature plays underestimated role in creating the definition of medicine as it serves us with variety of images that make metaphorical references to our existence. The fact that the medicine remains the section of an art in the expanse of which the envoy of poetry and prose finds its expression emphasizes that those two, apparently unrelated worlds, interpermeate and breathe sense into each other’s existence. Literature that cannot refer to the medical reality is unable to achieve the reader’s soul and affect his inner hierarchy of values, whereas the medicine deprived of multidimensionality that is hidden underneath the literary words deteriorates into the field devoid of spirituality.

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Meaning, translation and cross-cultural communication: an African philosophical debate

Author(s): Philip Ogo Ujomu / Language(s): English / Issue: 28/2022

Keywords: Africa; culture; philosophy; development; universals; meaning; translation;

The subject to be interrogated is the problem of the extent to which differences in meaning across cultural experiences often affect translation and the chances of human communication. This is particularly significant in a world currently plagued by oppression, domination, colonialism, conflicts, prejudices, intolerance, discrimination, inequity and misconceptions. We are examining the issue of the perception that difference is a threat to cooperation, harmony and dialogue among peoples and institutions of the world. The aim of this study is to philosophically examine this idea and to show that cultural difference could be a tool for building up a world where the much required values of harmony, respect for others, reciprocity and cooperation can be established using philosophical arguments by prominent or eminent African philosophers such as Wiredu and Diop among others. Methodologically, this study is necessary because there is a need to examine the philosophical dimensions of this issue from an African philosophical viewpoint.

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Stress and burnout syndrome among health care personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic

Stres i wypalenie zawodowe wśród pracowników ochrony zdrowia w okresie pandemii COVID-19

Author(s): Joanna Golec,Monika Nowak,Mateusz Malinowsk,Elżbieta Szczygieł,Edward Golec / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; burnout syndrome; mental health; health care workers;

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, workload and physical and mental exhaustion became more extensive, especially among health care workers (HCWs). Material and Methods: This study involved 50 people aged 25 to 64, of whom 37 were women and 13 men. These HCWs were physiotherapists (48%), nurses (30%) and physicians (22%), all professionally active during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted between June and October 2020, using an on-line survey. The COPE, LBQ and ISI questionnaires were used. Results: Analysis of occupational burnout (LBQ) and its various aspects showed that the Deterioration of relations with clients (patients) was significantly higher among those with up to five years and between 15 and 24 years of experience than in the group with 25–35 years of experience. Sense of professional ineffectiveness and Disappointment were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group with the most work experience. 30% of the medical workers surveyed obtained a result indicating subliminal insomnia (ISI) and 28% – clinical insomnia. Comparison of COPE and LBQ scores showed that Psychophysical exhaustion (LBQ) correlated negatively with Religious coping (p = 0.032). Deterioration of relations with clients (patients) (LBQ) correlated negatively with such strategies (COPE) as Active coping (p = 0.048), Planning (p=0.006), Positive reinterpretation and growth (p < 0.001). Sense of professional ineffectiveness (LBQ) correlated negatively with Acceptance strategies (p = 0.017) and Behavioral disengagement (p = 0.021). Disappointment correlated positively with the Positive reinterpretation and growth strategy (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the development of burnout amongst the HCWs surveyed, especially that related to psychophysical exhaustion, a sense of lack of effectiveness and a sense of disappointment. The sleep cycle was affected. Cognitive-behavioral oriented workshops are recommended when facing burnout.

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Influence of the level of physical fitness on the symptoms of back pain syndrome

Wpływ poziomu sprawności fizycznej na dolegliwości w zespole bólowym kręgosłupa

Author(s): Jolanta Nawara,Wojciech Dziedzic,Marta Dziadkowiec-Sądej,Kamila Makulec / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: back pain; physical activity; fitness;

Introduction: Spine pain syndrome, which significantly limits everyday functioning, is one of the most common symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study is to assess the impact physical fitness has on the symptoms of back pain syndrome. Material & Methods: A EUROFIT fitness testing battery was used to assess the fitness level of 34 participants with back pain. Measurements of aerobic fitness, lateral and sagittal mobility, strength, movement speed and precision were recorded, and the pain levels of the participants were taken into account. Results: No statistically significant impact of physical fitness on back pain was noted. Conclusions: Physical activity and fitness do not impact on the symptoms of back pain syndrome in any significant way. Further research into back pain syndrome is required in the future.

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THE FEASIBILITY AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT THROUGH VIRTUAL LABORATORY LEARNING AND ITS EFFECT ON INCREASING STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC PERFORMANCE

Author(s): Muhammad Yakob,Ratih Permana Sari,Molani Paulina Hasibuan,Nahadi Nahadi,Sjaeful Anwar,R. Ahmad Zaky El Islami / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2023

Keywords: authentic assessment; expert validation; scientific performance; virtual laboratory;

In the virtual laboratory learning process, students' scientific abilities in solving a problem are very important to explore. This study aims to develop classroom-based authentic assessment instruments through virtual laboratory learning in chemistry to see an increase in students' scientific performance. The research was conducted at a public high school in Langsa City with a sample of 11th-grade students Academic Year 2021/2022, the utilized subjects being a total of 118 students taken based on purposive sampling. The research data are needs analysis through interviews with chemistry teachers who have implemented technology-based learning, analyzing the feasibility of instruments through expert validation questionnaires before the learning process, and scientific performance through learning observation sheets during the learning process. The increase in students' scientific performance data was then analyzed using the N-Gain formula and t-test to see the difference in improvement after the authentic assessment was applied. The results show that authentic assessment is feasible to use an increase in students' scientific performance. From the small-scale test, the students' scientific performance was a high category and there is a significant difference in improvement. The use of authentic assessment through virtual laboratories is expected to provide active learning solutions to improve student learning outcomes.

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PHYSICS TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY, INNOVATIVE TEACHING AND COMPREHENSIVE TEACHING APPROACH: LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS

Author(s): Qiang-Wen Lin,Yu-Zhou Luo / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2023

Keywords: physics teachers; self-efficacy; innovative teaching; comprehensive teaching approach; Latent Profile Analysis;

Physics education aims to develop sophisticated thinking abilities and enhance conceptual depth, but student interest has decreased, emphasizing the importance of teacher quality in fostering success and positive attitudes. The aim of the study was to examine the physics teachers' self-efficacy, innovative teaching, and comprehensive teaching approach levels. As data collecting instruments, self-efficacy, innovative physics teaching, and comprehensive teaching approach scores were utilized. In the pilot research group, validity and reliability assessments were conducted on the scales. The primary research involved 241 physics teachers. As the measurement variables were constantly changeable, Latent Profile Analysis was utilized. The present study's results suggest that teachers have high self-perceptions in various dimensions related to teaching effectiveness, including self-efficacy, innovative teaching, and comprehensive teaching approach. These results are consistent with previous research that has shown a positive relationship between teacher self-perceptions and teaching effectiveness. Future research could explore the relationship between teacher self-perceptions and student achievement to better understand the impact of self-perceptions on student outcomes. Overall, the results of this study highlight the importance of supporting teachers' self-efficacy and providing opportunities for innovative teaching and professional development to improve comprehensive teaching approach.

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Ventricular fibrillation in a patient supported by a left ventricular assist device: a case report on the challenge for nurses

Migotanie komór u pacjenta z mechanicznym wspomaganiem układu krążenia. Opis przypadku dotyczący wyzwania dla pielęgniarek

Author(s): Irena Milaniak,Sylwia Wiśniowska-Śmiałek,Izabela Górkiewicz-Kot,Grzegorz Wasilewski,Michał Kaleta,Ferdynanda Krupa-Hübner,Karol Wierzbicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: ventricular fibrillation; a left ventricular assist device; nursing care

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) effectively manage advanced heart failure as a bridge to heart transplantation or as destination therapy. Ventricular arrhythmias remain common after LVAD implantation, and such treatment allows dangerous arrhythmias to be tolerated hemodynamically. The main aim of this study is to report a ventricular fibrillation (VF) episode in a patient supported by a LVAD in terms of nursing care. A medical document review and review of the literature on VF were carried out. This case report describes the clinical data of a 61-year-old patient who had VF for several days.

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