More statistical implicational universals in Greenberg’s data (another computer-generated article)
Author(s): Vladimir Pericliev / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2000
This paper studies the statistical implicational universals in the 30 languages sample from the classical paper by Joseph Greenberg (1966). Some problems in the universals proposed by Greenberg are shown, as well as 43 previously undiscovered universals of this type. The whole text of the article was generated by the computer program UNIVAUTO (UNIVersals Authoring TOol) and only the formatting according to the style-sheet of the journal was manually added. A brief description of this program, as well as another article generated by it, were previously published by this journal (Contrastive Linguistics 1999, issue 4).
Author(s): Liudmilla Miteva / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 3/2000
The purpose of this article is to show what changes occur when translating children’s fiction from a formal gender system language into a semantic gender system language and vice versa. Children’s fiction was chosen for the abundance of examples that it provides and for the vividity of those examples. Moreover, in this type of fiction, the presence and the type of gender are often more than significant and so the rendition of one and the same text from one language into another poses interesting and challenging problems for the translator. Now I will briefly present two opinions on the gender systems of languages.
Particles, Interjections and Exclamations with the English Imperatives as a Problem of Translation
Author(s): Palma Zlateva / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2002
Particles, interjections and exclamations have a variety of structural, stylistic and pragmatic functions in human discourse. Their use in written dialogue gives it colour, rhythm and authenticity. In English the particles and interjections are relatively few in number, and have rather restricted textual functions, compared to Bulgarian or Russian. The exclamations, on the other hand, especially those referring to God and His kingdom, are much more numerous and can precede or follow the imperative utterances, often used as vocatives or in combination with vocative forms. This asymmetry is likely to cause a number of problems for translators who work from and into these languages. In this paper I discuss the semantic and pragmatic functions of particles, interjections and exclamations such as well, why, oh/aw, for God/Heaven/Christ’s sake, etc. with imperative utterances from English literary texts and their translations into Bulgarian. Building on the use of similar devices in original Bulgarian texts, I shall also suggest some ways of overcoming the various problems they cause for translators.
WHERE DOES THE WEST END? ON WRITING HISTORY, CATCHING UP, AND SELF-AWARENESS
Author(s): Pavel Himl / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 02/2020
Keywords: history writing; inequalities in research; (non-western) Europe; postcolonial criticism;
After the political changes of the late 1980s and early 1990s, East Central European societies started ‘returning to Europe’ or ‘reverting to the normal state of affairs’, as did the historical sciences in these countries. In historiography, this did not only entail a return to a plurality of methodologies, but also institutions and journals. This was considered to set also the Czech humanities on the road to being ‘comparable’ or ‘competitive’, at least on the European stage. This contribution argues that, three decades after the abovementioned changes, those expectations have only been met to a limited extent. The hypothetically free market of ideas and concepts appears to have sustained, or even deepened, various economic and cultural inequalities. Moreover, the lack of any supranational public institutions and publication platforms leads to serious doubt over equal access to this playing field. Historiography is not a universalist science; that fact holds not only from the perspective of ‘Third World’ countries, as demonstrated by post-colonial criticism, but also in relation to Eastern and Central Europe. This article does not see strategic essentialism, placing the specific experience of the East Central European countries above historiographic standards and values, as a solution. Instead, it argues that the way out of the current situation demands that we confront the various epistemological and even ‘operational’ assumptions and starting points of any historiography from a variety of perspectives, even where that involves uncomfortable self-awareness.
Early modern mobilities and people on the move: an epistemological challenge
Author(s): Marie-Elizabeth Ducreux / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 01/2020
Keywords: Circulations; mobility turn; temporality; early modern period; history writing; global and local perspectives; microhistory; religious affiliations;
This essay concentrates on various aspects of mobility and motion and explores the issues of approaches and methods in history research and forms of history writing on things and people on the move in early modern times. The so-called mobility turn initiated countless new studies. Nonetheless, those publications are strikingly heterogeneous in their approaches and practices. It seems sometimes that, although we historians may be fully aware of how many categories have been eroded, how profoundly the internal historiographical clusters and boundaries have been deconstructed, we are still grappling with how best to arrange and relate structures, facts, contexts and theoretical reassessments. This essay calls for a critical historiographical self-reflection. It sets out by broaching Migration and Mobility as a social sciences and history field. Then, it briefly deals with questions of temporality and the challenges in connection to the early modern period, before developing the touchstones of the archival and methodological challenges we are facing: Sources, Traces, Archives, Facts, Levels and Scales. In addition, this paper outlines a case study and connects it to suggestions made by other scholars who have addressed the role of exile and emigration in conversion and religious affiliation. Finally, it considers how new micro-historical approaches may help historians reconcile the encounter between the global and the local when writing history
LIESBETH CORENS – Confessional Mobility and English Catholics in Counter-Reformation Europe
Author(s): Veronika Čapská / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 01/2020
Keywords: book review; LIESBETH CORENS; Confessional Mobility and English Catholics in Counter-Reformation Europe;
Review of:
LIESBETH CORENS, Confessional Mobility and English Catholics in Counter-Reformation Europe, Oxford 2019, Oxford University Press, 240 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-881243-2.
On the semantics of some types of event construal in English and Bulgarian
Author(s): Aleksandra Bagasheva / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2003
The paper re-examines two specific features of morphological marking in Bulgarian from the perspective of verbal and satellite framing effects for the expression of grammatical relations. The dative and reflexive clitics in a special construction prefix+verb+dative -I- reflexive clitic is reanalyzed as constituted of a verb plus a satellite with aspectual or rather aktionsart meaning. The intricate, and as yet of undetermined status, particle “da” is reinterpreted as an auxiliary which again appears as a satellite. The contention is that English and Bulgarian are not so far apart in the correlation between verb framing and satellite framing in relation to temporality as it appears on the surface. The analysis is carried out within the framework of cognitive semantics (L. Talmy) and uses the findings of Heine, Kuteva and K. Rudin on problems concerning auxiliation processes.
Analyzing English-Language and Bulgarian-Language Political Speeches
Author(s): Nelly Tincheva / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2003
The paper aims to present, first, an integrated approach to whole texts and genres exemplifying the ‘triangle of discourse-cognition society which is indeed the site of multidisciplinary discourse analysis’ (Van Dijk, 97:24) and, secondly, to suggest an alternative perspective to ‘old’ areas of research such as the analysis of political speeches. It illustrates the potential of studying the production and perception of individual text genres as governed by particular mental models. Such mental models, it argues, are possible to isolate analytically and verify statistically. Differences in English- and Bulgarian-language political speeches are used to demonstrate the possible application of the suggested approach.
Author(s): Lyubomir Ivanov / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2003
The present work deals with the recent evolution of the non-academic practice of English transliteration of Bulgarian, starting with the introduction of the Streamlined System in 1995, its subsequent progress and official endorsement, as well as its present use for electronic communication in Romanized Bulgarian, and its possible relevance to the phonetic spelling of English.
Keywords: Logistics of service processes; telephone switchboard; process efficiency; information technology
In-house logistics is primarily about coordinating activities; quality planning; management, implementation, control of external and internal material flow, and synchronization of information and processes. Each process is closely related to the operator, who ensures optimal conditions for its operation. Implementing software and hardware for the telephone exchange and supporting corporate information management significantly increased customer satisfaction with the solution to their specific requirements. The impact of information technology, monitoring, data collection and processing in the company aims to make these processes more intelligent, emphasising obtaining certain strategic information important for further decision-making. A powerful and reliable communication platform is used in various industries, which is presented in the submitted manuscript. The advantage of a suitably chosen communication platform is that it offers a range of functions like traditional telephones combined with intelligent solutions for uniform communication. By applying service processes through implementing a software and hardware telephone exchange in the company, we focus on adapting solutions for each customer according to requirements. In the future, the research will focus on the digitization of the company and the use of smart technologies in the prediction of service processes in the company.
Participation in modelling activities significantly facilitates the development of mathematical skills. By utilizing the concept of mathematical modelling, students may be able to develop a more grounded understanding of mathematics. The objective of this research was to explore how computational thinking and critical thinking are connected to the mathematical modelling proficiency of pre-service teachers. Correlational quantitative research was conducted on 140 pre-service mathematics teachers from the Institute of Teacher Education, Penang and the Institute of Teacher Education, Ipoh, using a correlational research design. Using cluster random sampling, the Institute of Teacher Education was selected at random. The results revealed that pre-service mathematics teachers exhibited a strong aptitude for computational and critical thinking, but demonstrated a limited level of proficiency in mathematical modelling. In terms of modelling proficiency, the results indicated a significant correlation between computational thinking and critical thinking.The findings from this research demonstrated a significant correlation between critical thinking, computational thinking, and proficiency in modelling. Therefore, computational thinking and critical thinking improve prospective mathematics teachers' modelling skills.
Keywords: Blockchain; smart contracts; Ethereum; real estate property
The real industry is crucial sector of the world wide financial system, with significant economic, social and environmental implications. However, real estate transactions are often slow, complex and costly and can be prone to fraud errors, which can lead to significant financial losses and legal disputes. This paper proposes the adoption of blockchain technology in real estate cadastral systems as a solution to the challenges encountered in managing property ownership and transactions. We have described the implementation of our prototype called REMS (Real Estate Management System) and we have presented the deployment of smart contracts in Ethereum platform. Based on measurement, benchmarks and other observation of the system, we have evaluated the server usage of the blockchain network and decided whether Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) should be involved or not in our system. The study results demonstrate the successful implementation of a real estate management system (REMS) using blockchain technology and Ethereum's smart contracts. This study is important because it confirms that similar solutions can be implemented in other areas of public administration, where the structure of the work is similar, i.e. where we deal with issuing documents to citizens.
The purpose of this study is to form several optimal portfolios based on the proportion of funds invested in stocks, then the most optimal portfolio will be selected among the optimal portfolios that have been formed. The method used in this study is the lexicographic goal programming method, which is to determine the optimal portfolio based on the proportion of invested funds, then the selection of the most optimal portfolio is determined using the expected shortfall method. This study used data from 5 companies contained in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The results showed that from the proportion of invested funds, 11 optimal portfolios were obtained. Using the expected shortfall method, the most optimal portfolio of 11 portfolios was obtained, namely type 5 portfolio.
Liquid Characterization of 2 GHz Complimentary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) for Water Quality Applications
Author(s): Muhammad Faris Sapuri,Mohd Khairil Adzhar Mahmood,Nur Emileen Abd Rashid,Nor Ayu Zakaria,Siti Amalina Enche Ab Rahim,Zuhani Ismail Khan / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 3/2023
Keywords: Complementary split-ring resonator; microwave sensor; water quality assessment
This study describes a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-based planar microwave sensor. Its capability in detecting several samples which are based on the usual water contaminant in Malaysia was investigated. The CSRR sensor was designed with an unloaded resonant frequency of 2.0 GHz, and it was fabricated on an FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.3. The S-parameter responses of the sensor were measured under two conditions; i) unloaded and ii) loaded. For the latter, samples of tap water, salt water, isopropyl alcohol, filtered water and cooking oil were used to load the resonant element of the CSRR. The measurement result of unloaded CSRR shows that the designed sensor resonates at 1.99 GHz, which is in line with the simulation. The measurement results also showed that the presence of all samples caused the resonant frequency of the CSRR to shift, with filtered water and cooking oil showing the biggest frequency shifts (0.84 GHz and 0.96 GHz, respectively). A sensitivity analysis of the CSRR was carried out and it shows that it achieves 0.25% sensitivity. The proposed sensor may be a useful substitute for pricey commercial sensors for applications involving water quality because of the inexpensive materials and ease of fabrication.
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