Advanced Search

Not specified any search criterion! Please specify at least one search criterion!

Result 255781-255800 of 317410
Back to the Treaties: Towards a 'Sustainable' Competition Law

Back to the Treaties: Towards a 'Sustainable' Competition Law

Back to the Treaties: Towards a 'Sustainable' Competition Law

Author(s): Andrea Piletta Massaro / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: competition law; article 101; TFEU; sustainability

Competition law, especially after the advent of the so-called Chicago School, has often been viewed as a policy interested in the pursuit of economic efficiency only, and sometimes it has also been enforced accordingly. However, the call to improve – if not save – the conditions of the environment in which we live has become urgent for our economic, social and legal systems. Therefore, every policy, competition law included, must play its part, as the protection of the environment represents a core value of our societies’ constitutional foundations. In the context of competition law, this means allowing sustainability agreements aimed at pursuing environmentally friendly objectives, such as new products or productive processes. This can be reached through various means, especially by means of the exemption provided by Article 101, paragraph 3, TFEU. This article will analyse the various approaches that can lead to an innovative and environmentally friendly application of competition law, bearing in mind that the inclusion of these concerns in the assessment of competition law cases is rooted in the ‘multi-value’ approach to competition required by the EU Treaties.

More...

An Intertextual Meditation on Edward W. Said’s Representations of the Intellectual: Roughly Thirty Years Later

An Intertextual Meditation on Edward W. Said’s Representations of the Intellectual: Roughly Thirty Years Later

Author(s): Andrew Urie / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: Edward Said; Representations of the Intellectual; culture wars; cultural criticism; public intellectuals;

In this wide-ranging article I engage in a detailed meditation on the book Representations of the Intellectual (1994) by the late, great Palestinian-American academic and cultural critic Edward W. Said (1935-2003). In the course of discussing and evaluating Representations of the Intellectual roughly thirty years after its initial publication, I historically contextualize the book in relation to key cultural and sociopolitical issues of its relative era while simultaneously positioning it in intertextual dialogue with a variety of texts that help shed light on its core strengths, key limitations, and ultimate enduring significance as work that compels readers to think and question.

More...

The Monstrous Return of the Commodified Female: How Zombie Strippers (2008) and From Dusk Till Dawn (2014) Transgress Foundational American Cultural Values

The Monstrous Return of the Commodified Female: How Zombie Strippers (2008) and From Dusk Till Dawn (2014) Transgress Foundational American Cultural Valuesv

Author(s): Atalie Gerhard / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2022

Keywords: frontier; horror cinema; feminism; Gothic Studies; eroticism;

This article examines how the film Zombie Strippers (2008, dir. Jay Lee) and the first season of the series From Dusk Till Dawn (2014, created by Robert Rodriguez) deploy the Gothic mode to stage monstrous transgressions of commodified females in the American historical and cultural contexts of the home front and the borderlands. By transforming into monsters, the erotic dancers in the two films above challenge the patriarchal foundations of their culture by subverting their objectification, literally consuming the bodies of male consumers. I further explain how their rebellions reference the frontier history of America, which provided Western horror cinema with tropes of evil “otherness” that blend stereotypes of Native Americans with Gothic fantasies of excess. My readings cite canonical theories from the fields of cultural and literary studies, but also more recent scholarship on the philosophical paradoxes of the eternal zombie condition or the sexually transgressive dimension of vampirism.

More...
Performing in the Frame of the State: Slavic Music Groups in the Latvian Amateur Art System

Performing in the Frame of the State: Slavic Music Groups in the Latvian Amateur Art System

Performing in the Frame of the State: Slavic Music Groups in the Latvian Amateur Art System

Author(s): Ieva Weaver / Language(s): English / Issue: 50/2023

Keywords: cultural policy implementation; national culture; cultural diversity; ethnic minorities; amateur art system; folklore; traditional music;

Pētījums dokumentē nesenu posmu Latvijas kultūrpolitikas īstenošanā, kas saistīts ar etniskās daudzveidības reprezentēšanu nacionāla mēroga kultūras pasākumos. 2012. gadā Latvijas Nacionālais kultūras centrs kļuva par mazākumtautību amatiermākslu organizējošu institūciju. Pētījuma jautājums izrietēja no novērojuma, ka valsts amatiermākslas sistēmas pamatā ir vēsturiski izveidots estētiskais kanons, kurš nav pašsaprotams mazākumtautību vidū. Apvienojot etnomuzikoloģijas un politikas īstenošanas studiju pieejas, šis pētījums testē valsts amatiermākslas sistēmas savietojamību ar mazākumtautību ansambļiem. Padziļināti tika pētītas slāvu mūzikas grupas, kas savu darbību saista ar folkloru un tradicionālo mūziku. Salīdzinot ar latviešu folkloras kopām, vietējo slāvu mūzikas grupu priekšnoteikumi ir neskaidrāki. Folkloras kopu ideja par “sakņotu” repertuāru un izpildījuma stilu atklāj ne tikai dažādās mūziķu kultūras pieredzes un izvēles, bet arī viņiem pieejamos resursus un sociālos tīklus.

More...

’Sister’, ’Daughter’ and ’Brother’ — Etymological Discussion of a Few Borrowed Uralic Kinship Terms

’Sister’, ’Daughter’ and ’Brother’ — Etymological Discussion of a Few Borrowed Uralic Kinship Terms

Author(s): Niklas Metsäranta / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2023

Keywords: Uralic languages; etymology; loanword research; kinship terms;

In this article, three Indo-European loan etymologies for Uralic kinship terms meaning ’sister’, ’daughter’ and ’brother’ are discussed and a thorough etymological analysis of the words is given based on the latest research. An attempt is made to try and untangle the multitude of ways in which the relationship of these words can be interpreted and to provide the most probable scenario for whence the words entered the lexicons of Uralic languages. Both the phonological and the semantic side — which has often been greatly neglected in Uralic etymology — of the loan etymologies are explored.

More...

Vowel Harmony in the Kihnu Variety of ­Estonian: A Corpus Study

Vowel Harmony in the Kihnu Variety of ­Estonian: A Corpus Study

Author(s): Kaili Vesik / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2023

Keywords: Estonian dialects; Kihnu; corpus: vowel harmony;

This paper investigates back/front vowel harmony in the Kihnu variety of Estonian. Data from the Estonian Dialect Corpus are analyzed to inform the description of harmony in this dialect, a phenomenon that has been understudied in the literature. Previously reported patterns of categorical harmony (/u/-/y/ and /ɑ/-/æ/ pairs) and transparency (/i/) are confirmed. However, the corpus provides insufficient direct evidence to either support or refute previous descriptions of the /o/-/ø/ pair as non-participatory. Subtleties of a relationship previously described as variable (/e/-/ɤ/ pair) are explored in more depth, with /e/ proposed as a second transparent vowel. Vowel harmony is also explored in Kihnu Estonian’s rich inventory of diphthongs, with intra-syllabic harmony in diphthongs shown to occur at a similar rate to that of inter-syllabic harmony between monophthongs.

More...

The Illative Marker of Monosyllabic Words in Soikkola Ingrian

The Illative Marker of Monosyllabic Words in Soikkola Ingrian

Author(s): Fedor Rozhanskiy / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2023

Keywords: Ingrian; illative; vowel quality; morphology-phonology interface; variation;

This article analyses the vowel in the illative marker of monosyllabic nouns which usually copies the quality of the stem vowels. The data come from different questionnaires recorded by Soikkola Ingrian speakers in the 21st century. The main point of interest is the contradiction between the fact that the vowel in the illative marker copies the stem vowel and the fact that existing descriptions often indicate raising of mid vowels in the stem but not in the illative suffix. Both auditory analysis and acoustic measurements are used to check the correspondence between the quality of the stem and suffix vowels in the illative forms of monosyllabic nouns. The research reveals that there is both interspeaker and intraspeaker variation in the quality of the vowels under discussion, and several different strategies can be used for building the illative marker. The rounded stem vowels öö and oo are opposed to the unrounded ee: if raised in the stem, the latter does not influence the quality of the suffix vowel. In most cases, the quality of the rounded stem and suffix vowels is the same, so a transcription where these vowels are denoted differently is not justified. Pronunciations where both the stem and suffix vowels are half-raised argue for an alternative variant of the Soikkola Ingrian phonological system.

More...
The impact of microfinance on economic development and the standard of life of individuals during the years 2018-2021. The case of Albania

The impact of microfinance on economic development and the standard of life of individuals during the years 2018-2021. The case of Albania

The impact of microfinance on economic development and the standard of life of individuals during the years 2018-2021. The case of Albania

Author(s): Sokol Ndoka,Arjol Sako / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Microfinance; economic development; life standard; sustainability of economic growth;

The goal of each country today is to have the highest and continuous economic growth. But sustainability of economic growth is very important. This is achieved only by making the right policies, providing the country with high income. Microfinance is not a new development. Its origins date back to 1976, when Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank as an experiment on the outskirts of the Chittagong University campus in the village of Jobra, Bangladesh. Since then, several microfinance institutions emerged and succeeded in helping the poor and over time created new strategies to fulfill their vision. This paper is about microfinance and its impact on people from different layers of society, with the main focus on the impact on the poor layer of the population in Albania during the years 2018-2021. The aim of this study is to show how microfinance works and how it affects the standard of living (income, savings, etc.) of poor people in Albania.

More...
Fiscal stamps’ concession – between high costs and absent economic logic

Fiscal stamps’ concession – between high costs and absent economic logic

Fiscal stamps’ concession – between high costs and absent economic logic

Author(s): Elvin Meka / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Fiscal stamps; excise-taxed products; Albania;

The fiscal stamps’ concession for excise -taxed and pharmaceutical products is part of a long list of many PPPs and other concessions, granted and approved by Albanian governments, over the years, whose purpose is to free the government and state entities from providing services and investments in different sectors of the economy. Beyond being a normal practice in many European countries and also in the region, this concession, approved since 2011, is almost unique and unusual, in terms of printing and selling price for fiscal stamps by SICPA, the concessionary company, where practically these prices are up to 7-10 times more expensive than the respective ones applied in other European countries and in the region, even by the same concessionary company. Despite this, such a concession applies a primitive technology for the production and printing of (domestic and imported) beer tax stamps, which does not justify the price of the stamp, furthermore, is senselessly burdening the cost of producers and importers, as well as the final consumer, in the domestic market. This concession remains unprecedented, as it imposes a fiscal stamp on beer as well, a practice not implemented in Europe, by burdening, without an economic logic, all the operators who produce and trade beer, as well as the final consumer in the domestic market. Given the fact of the lack of a deep analysis on the benefits and successes of the fight against fiscal evasion from trade of excise - taxed goods and, moreover, of the lack of a clear comparative analysis between the advantages and essential improvements, such a concession brought to the national economy, public finances and the consumer of the Albanian producer, but also through the analysis made with regard to the economic & financial indicators and the costs of the Albanian producers and consumer, the paper comes to the conclusion that this concession, in its closing stage, should be deeply revised, probably being temporarily offered by the government and then negotiated with more favorable terms and prices than the current ones and comparable to other countries in the region and Europe. Also, the government should be attentive to the concerns of beer producers and importers and the unjustifiable costs on final consumer. Moreover, it must clarify and specify, from a legal point of view, the possible consequences, or “gaps” of the concession contract with SICPA company, related to its international arbitration proceedings.

More...
Necessity for a grand strategy

Necessity for a grand strategy

Necessity for a grand strategy

Author(s): Blendi Lami,Kristaq Xharo / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: national power; power capacities; hegemonic power; strategic allies; grand strategy;

Articulations of notions such as “infringement of sovereignty”, “national union”, “national strategy” or “power capacities” should be done with great prudence by Albanian policy makers. Declarations of Albanian actors have also a direct impact on the behavior of international factor. Declarations of this nature must be filtered first in the “laboratory” of a national – or even grand strategy. Albanian national power determines the behavior of states such as Albania and Kosova. National power is the most popular “currency” for communication in International Relations. Each state uses its power to secure its interests in the international arena. The nature of this struggle for power can only be examined through an analysis of power competition with other nations. No nation can punch above its weight in international relations first and foremost without considering alliances. In this context, this article aims to shed light on the weight of a small state in the international arena, which can be determined by a national strategy. This article concludes that the Albanian geopolitical space need a Grand Strategy and small countries like Albania and Kosova must harmonize their foreign policy with its strategic allies.

More...
Interest articulation and lobbying in unregulated legal contexts: The case of Albania

Interest articulation and lobbying in unregulated legal contexts: The case of Albania

Interest articulation and lobbying in unregulated legal contexts: The case of Albania

Author(s): Gerti Sqapi / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Lobbying; Lobbyist; Interest Articulation; Interest Groups; Trading in Influence; Public Policy; Political Clientelism; Corruption;

The main argument of this paper is that the legal regulation of lobbying is an important factor for disciplining/curbing the undue (illicit) influence of different interests’ groups on the political-making process, especially in countries with post-communist and nonconsolidated democracies as Albania. In three decades of political and economic transition from a one-party communist system to a democratic one and towards a market economy, the democratization of Albania has faced various problems, which have often led to a loss of public confidence in the political class and apathy of citizens towards the political system. In many cases, this has come as a result of the perception or even the disclosure by the media and the public of corruption scandals, political clientelism, or undue influences in the decision-making processes in Albania. Surely, it can be said that that political scandals of trading or exercising illicit influences on public officials can affect, as numerous cases have shown, every democratic political system in the world. However, they are more likely to occur in new democracies (post-communist) countries that face weak state structures and a legal environment that is not yet well consolidated and where a culture of informality exists alongside written rules and laws. For this purpose, that of disciplining and controlling the influences that specific interests exert on the decision-making process of governments, legislatures, or other regulatory agencies, a good part of European countries have considered undertaking legal regulatory initiatives for lobbying activity in their environments.

More...
Public policy at times of pandemic. Policies on teleworking as a tool to achieve territorial redistribution of human resources and narrow down unequal distribution of wealth and development

Public policy at times of pandemic. Policies on teleworking as a tool to achieve territorial redistribution of human resources and narrow down unequal distribution of wealth and development

Public policy at times of pandemic. Policies on teleworking as a tool to achieve territorial redistribution of human resources and narrow down unequal distribution of wealth and development

Author(s): Anjeza Xhaferaj,Kreshnik Bello / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Public policy; pandemics; teleworking; redistribution of human resources; remote work;

The paper is an attempt to analyse the benefits that remote work could bring in the development of the country. It is organized in three parts. In the first part it engages with the concept of public policy, how it is shaped and should be done to make visible problems that need to be addressed. The second part analysis the benefits of teleworking and potential models for city organization and population distribution to support country development. The last part analyses the case of Albania to discover that remote work, demography, and country development are concepts not yet analysed in connection for exploring the benefits they could bring. The paper concludes that government should invest in developing human resources in the field of digitalisation, so that the number of employees who could telework and companies that could use that expertise is increased. In this way, companies and staff do not necessarily need to locate in the capital or big cities but could locate in medium size cities and periphery. This would contribute to the development of currently neglected areas and decrease living expenses in big cities, making thus more affordable the life for the low-income workers. In doing so, not only the living conditions will improve but the gap between centre and periphery will narrow down and lead to a better distribution of economic benefits across country.

More...
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – FOCUSING ON CAUSES OF INFRINGEMENT
REFERRING TO ROMANIA

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – FOCUSING ON CAUSES OF INFRINGEMENT REFERRING TO ROMANIA

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – FOCUSING ON CAUSES OF INFRINGEMENT REFERRING TO ROMANIA

Author(s): Claudia Elena Marinică,Maria-Luiza Hrestic / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2023

Keywords: EU environment; infringements; Romania; European Green Deal; climate change;

The European Union is currently facing unprecedented environmental, climate and sustainability challenges, so a better environmental policy represents an overview that the European Union must consider in order to achieve a sustainable ecological transition for its citizens. In order to achieve the proposed objective, the article exhaustively addresses the European Union legislation, specialized literature, the political guidelines adopted within the Presidency of the Council of the European Union between 2021-2022, but also the implementation and current perspectives of environmental measures in Romania. The purpose of this article st o analyse the latest measures in environmental policy, by referring to situations of non-fulfilment of obligations by the member states, respectively Romania, which determine actions of the European Union enacted by the European Commission. In order to achieve this objective, an analysis of the regulations relating to environmental policy was the main resource, having as a guide the scope of the European Commission’s decisions towards Romania and its effects, qualitative and quantitative methods being used in this respect. Finally, the article proposes some recommendations at the national and European level for the preparation of a better implementation of the environmental policy.

More...
WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

Author(s): Koça Markelian,Teliti Ersida / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2023

Keywords: Climate change; women; gender; agenda; sustainable development; international law;

Climate change is a very real global phenomenon, which requires urgent solutions both at the international level and at the level of each domestic legal order. The climate crisis and the fight for women’s rights have more in common than it seems at first sight, as climate change reinforces discrimination against women in dealing with issues related to sustainable development. After having identified some effects of climate change on women's rights, this paper is going to explore in detail the direct and indirect links between notions of gender, sustainable development and Climate Change, with a view to formulating appropriate proposals for the improvement of international policies for the protection of women's rights. While efforts are already palpable towards mainstreaming gender in international level, the desired "parity" or "representativeness" of women is not still an acquired

More...
THE EMPLOYMENT PROCESS OF LGBT
IN THE ALBANIAN SOCIETY

THE EMPLOYMENT PROCESS OF LGBT IN THE ALBANIAN SOCIETY

THE EMPLOYMENT PROCESS OF LGBT IN THE ALBANIAN SOCIETY

Author(s): Teliti Adisa / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2023

Keywords: LGBT community; prejudice; discrimination; employers; employees;

Humans have a direct impact on culture evolution. Similar or adaptable behaviour, mindsets and beliefs between people constitute the foundation of social interaction. Facts about topics that are unrealistic to the Albanian culture are being introduced to our society more and more frequently. Differences in opinions, actions, and preferences were largely acknowledged, but the most challenging ones are those related to sexual orientation. This paper aims to address the position of the LGBT community in employment relations in the city of Tirana. Based on the qualitative methodology of research, the author aims to identify the level and degree of prejudice, social exclusion, stigmatization or discrimination of those who are different from the rest of the employees. The paper deals with the aspects of inclusion in the work process of individuals of the LGBT community, from the moment of interviewing until their final employment. Upon the analysis, the author concludes that there is little to no workplace discrimination against members of the LGBT community, with the exception of occasional harassment and incendiary remarks about sexual orientation which only occur when people are first confronted with the reality of their situation. No employee from the LGBT community has ever had their employment terminated because of their sexual orientation. The paper also provides a number of recommendations to the Albanian government, groups that defend their rights, and the LGBT community itself in an effort to raise societal awareness of their acceptance and equal treatment.

More...
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
IN THE BOTSWANA PUBLIC SECTOR

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN THE BOTSWANA PUBLIC SECTOR

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN THE BOTSWANA PUBLIC SECTOR

Author(s): Tshukudu Theophilus Tebetso / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2023

Keywords: Botswana public sector; Human resource development; management perspective;

The need for an effective Human Resources Development is critical for many organisations, especially to those tasked with service provision in the public domain. The purpose of this paper to investigate the challenges In Human Resource Development Implementation within the Botswana Public Sector Setting, with a focus on management perception. The paper was a qualitative study, and utilised content analysis to gather and analyse secondary on the subject matter. The study concluded that there is a need for management should engage personnel matters of employee motivation to ensure that serving in the public sector have the necessary professional and personal development required to service in the public domain. Furthermore, there should be elements of technology introduced in HRD implementation in the public sector setting. The paper recommends that HRD implementation courageous leadership and effective planning be at the forefront from HRD implementation.

More...
ARIANIT BUQINCA, THE DARDANS OF ILLYRIA (VI-I B.C.)

ARIANIT BUQINCA, THE DARDANS OF ILLYRIA (VI-I B.C.)

ARIANIT BUQINCA, DARDANËT E ILIRISË (VI-I P.E.S.)

Author(s): Michael Galaty / Language(s): English / Issue: 52/2022

Keywords: book review; Illyria; the Dardanians of Illyria (VI-I BC); Arianit Buqinca;

Review of: Arianit Buqinca, Dardanët e Ilirisë (VI-I p.e.s.), Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë, 2022.

More...

Socioeconomic Status, Parenting Stress And Parenting Practices During The COVID-19 Lockdown In Serbia

Socioeconomic Status, Parenting Stress And Parenting Practices During The COVID-19 Lockdown In Serbia

Author(s): Milana Rajić,Marina Videnović,Ksenija Krstić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: COVID-19; parenting practices; parenting stress; early childhood development;

The lockdown in Serbia imposed major challenges for parents to take on a 24/7 shift in caretaking, educating, and entertaining their children, while managing to complete the demands of their professional roles and everyday household functioning, along with the constant fear of the virus spreading and potential job loss. This study examines parenting practices (enriching activities, harsh parenting, daily structure, screen time and perception of the increase in screen time) during the COVID-19 lockdown in relation to the perceived parenting stress, parents’ socioeconomic status and their working conditions (i.e., without work obligation, working online, working from the workplace). The sample consisted of 1510 mothers of preschool children. Four socioeconomic clusters were identified using the relevant variables (education level, economic status and impact of the pandemic on the financial situation). The results showed that highly educated mothers who worked remotely during the lockdown experienced significantly higher stress of balancing working and parenting than other parents. Mothers who did not work during the pandemic spent more time in enriching activities (p<0.01) and maintained the daily structure better (p<0.01), while mothers who worked remotely perceived a larger effect of the pandemic impact on screen time. The results indicate that, in times of crisis, it is necessary to design the support for the parents of early-aged children corresponding to their specific financial and educational background.

More...

“Pretty boys do not cry”  the role of facial expressions in facial attractiveness rating

“Muškarci ne plaču”: Uloga facijalne ekspresije u proceni atraktivnosti lica

Author(s): Vesna Barzut,Jelena D. Blanuša / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: facial expressions; beauty; facial attractiveness; aesthetic;

Facial attractiveness is the concept that has been widely explored in previous studies. The findings suggest that some of the factors that affect aesthetical judgment of faces include symmetry, averageness, and facial expressions. The role of facial expressions is not fully established, but it seems that faces with the facial expression of happiness are rated higher (at least female faces). The aim of our study is to explore whether the presence of facial expressions has a different effect on the aesthetic judgment of female and male faces. Unlike previous studies, in which this was not explicitly controlled, we only considered facial expressions that were correctly recognized at 90% or more. A total of 61 respondents participated in this study. They evaluated female and male faces with the expressions of happiness, anger, sadness, or neutral on several scales: Beautiful, Pleasant, Attractive, and Harmonious. Overall, female faces were rated as more attractive, beautiful, and pleasant, but not harmonious. In addition, faces with the expressions of anger and sadness were rated lower on each scale compared to neutral and happy faces, and sad male faces were rated lower compared to sad female faces. One of the possible explanations for such a result could be the role of the social context in which the society discourages the display of certain emotions, particularly for men. Sad men are seen as weak and weak man are not attractive (because this does not fit into their gender role).

More...

Lexical-semantic representation of body parts in Serbian child language

Leksičko-semantička reprezentacija delova tela kod dece na srpskom jeziku

Author(s): Darinka Anđelković,Maja Savić,Maša Popović,Milena Jakić Šimšić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: body parts; lexical development; semantic development; meronymy; early school age; Serbian language;

Although words for human body parts appear early in children’s vocabulary, relatively little is known about the conceptual and semantic development related to the body part words in preschool and early school ages. In this paper, we examine how children at ages 5, 7 and 9 use words and expressions to refer to the human body and its parts, and how these correspond to the segmentation and lexicalization of the body part terms in adults. Participants were asked to name the body parts that were depicted in the drawings showing the whole body (front or back) and the face, with a red dot marking the specific part. The results of the comparison between children and adults indicate that for the most parts of arms, legs, and face there is a gradual conceptual segmentation of body with age, reflected in a decrease in the use of holonyms and an increase in the use of meronyms in naming parts. However, such hierarchical organization could not be confirmed for other parts (trunk, shoulders, neck, head, some parts of the face), revealing different pathways in the acquisition of words. Children of all ages, especially 7- and 9-year-olds, seek alternative solutions for naming the body parts for which labels are missing in their vocabulary. In such cases, they name adjacent body parts, internal organs, and parts of the skeleton, or use prepositional phrases to refer to the surrounding areas. The results are compared with the findings of the previous studies, while the lexical-semantic change in the body parts terms and the hierarchical organization of the body part lexicon in child language are discussed.

More...
Result 255781-255800 of 317410
Please note that there is a planned full infrastructure maintenance and database upgrade of the CEEOL repository.
The search is temporarily unavailable.
We apologize in advance for the inconvenience and thank you for your kind understanding.