Key elements of the criminal law conflict system, with special reference to Spanish criminal law
Author(s): ANTONIO OBREGÓN GARCÍA / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 3 ENG/2023
Keywords: Spanish Criminal Code; conflict of laws; conflict of rules;
Criminally relevant conduct often falls under several criminal precepts, regulating as many criminal notions as possible, and it is necessary to decide whether all, some or only one of them could be applicable. This phenomenon, termed ‘conflict’, occurs when a subject’s actions with criminal relevance are, wholly or partially, subsumed under different criminal precepts. To definitively classify the punishable act, it is then necessary to take a further step, which can be considered conclusive, and determine the precept or precepts applicable to the act. Hence, this paper analyses the meaning, content, and application of the conflict of laws and conflict of rules.
This study determines the degree of fiscal dominance and its implication on the conductof monetary policy in Nigeria. It adopts the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) estimationtechniques and covers the periods of 1980 to 2020. The regression result shows an estimatedcoefficient of 0.77, which indicate a high degree of fiscal dominance in the country. in the same vein,the estimated coefficient was compared with the average value of the consumer price index andinterest rate in the economy, and it was discovered that high degree of fiscal dominance correspondswith high consumer price index and interest rate in the economy. Flowing from the findings,it is concluded that there is high degree of fiscal dominance in Nigeria, and this has implicationon the conduct of monetary policies in the country. The degree of fiscal dominance in the countryis likely one of the factors responsible for high prices in the country. It was recommended thatThe Nigerian government should focus on widening the domestic revenue mobilization base of thecountry. This would include expanding the tax base, setting up appropriate mechanism to generatemore revenue from fines, fees and licenses, providing a conducive environment for remittancesinflow into the country. The Central bank should limit their finances of government expenditureto 10 percent of previous year’s revenue as suggested by the World Bank. They should limit theirborrowings to capital project, such that such project can boast aggregate supply and normalizeaverage prices in the economy.
Empirical Research on Social Stratification in the Visegrád Countries: An Overview
Author(s): Zdeněk R. Nešpor,Jiří Večerník / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: empirical research; social stratification; Visegrád countries; comparative surveys;
This article outlines developments in empirical research on social stratification in the four countries constituting currently the Visegrád Group (V4). Sociology has been developing, if unevenly, as a discipline in these countries since the 19th or early 20th century. Empirical research on social stratification, based on data collected in large surveys, started here by the mid-1960s, first in Poland, then in Hungary, and later in the former Czechoslovakia. In spite of the ideological pressure of the communist regimes in all of these countries, the conditions for sociological studies were much better in Poland and Hungary than in Czechoslovakia, where such research was frozen for a long time after the communist putsch of 1948 and again after the Soviet occupation in 1968. After 1990, this kind of research enjoyed an energetic new start in all the post-communist countries, as they opened fully to the West and integrated into international networks. In addition, comparative research within the V4 region started with the challenging project “Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989.” Many national surveys were conducted and East-West cooperation intensified. Currently, most empirical research on social stratification occurs on a national or bilateral basis, or is developed within larger European projects.
Keywords: Anthropocene; environmental sociology; future research; people and nature; sociology of natural resources;
Environmental sociology has been developing since the 1970s; however, it only recently became institutionalized in Poland with the establishment of a respective section in the Polish Sociological Association. We argue that environmental sociology in Poland and the broader area of Central and Eastern Europe has made an important contribution to international research on relations between humanity and nature in the Anthropocene. This paper presents the current state of the art in Polish environmental sociology and discusses future research questions. Our contribution is based on a literature review and the results of a workshop with Polish environmental sociologists. Future research areas discussed in this paper emerge from the following five main thematic domains: (I) social aspects of nature conservation; (II) environmental groups and movements; (III) sustainable development and the participation of local communities in rural and urban areas; (IV) environmental risks and threats and (V) and energy and society.
Valuations of Corporate Social Responsibility in Poland
Author(s): Mikołaj Lewicki / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: valuation; corporate social responsibility; justifications; calculative agency;
This study contributes to the ongoing research on CSR valuation and the emergence of indices associated with socially responsible investments (SRI) and corporate social responsibility. Valuation played an important role in the creation of business criteria for investing in the companies listed in the Respect Index of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The study reveals how responsibility has been transformed into liquidity criteria that ground the Index’s performance. Despite standardization in CSR reporting, the most recognized discourse on the legitimacy of CSR has revealed a diversity of justifications for the meaning companies declare and pursue. Thus, there are parallel practices of CSR valuation: reports demonstrate a diversity of values and their justification while the index enhances the drive for the business case in CSR policies. Despite these differences, the research reveals the power of numbers: quantifications that describe specific CSR activities simultaneously eliminate a company’s issues and challenges. Given that CSR activities are amorphous in nature, the quantification and collection of data in their regard does not mean that the activities and their reporting address the major challenges companies face nor claims articulated in their environment.
Concept of Social Responsibility
in the Context of the Russia-Ukraine Military Conflict
Author(s): Tatyana Khraban / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: social responsibility; military aggression; national mentality; Russia-Ukraine military conflict;
The aim of the article is to study the Ukrainians’ understanding of social collective and individual responsibility in the context of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict. Research methods and materials. Discourse analysis was selected as the most suitable method. The research material was publications and comments posted on Facebook in the period from 24.02.2022 to 15.05.2022 by Ukrainian social media users. Results and discussion. Although in the Ukrainian sector of social networks responsibility for military aggression is undoubtedly seen as collective, it is unequally shared among groups. During sharing of collective responsibility Ukrainians distinct two approaches: 1) all citizens of the aggressor country are equally to blame; 2) citizens of the aggressor country may be related to the crime on different scales, so they have different levels of responsibility. In the view of Ukrainians, the main responsibility should be ascribed to those who can be called a “random collection of individuals.” After the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict the concept of personal responsibility has been losing its meaning, and the relationship between an individual, social group and society as a whole is prioritized by collective responsibility. Herewith, it is not the culpable event or action that is emphasized, but the “metaphysical guilt” that is imposed on all citizens of the aggressor country on the basis of membership in a “vicious” community.
Co-production Practices in Public Social Services during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period.
An Example from Centers for Older Adults Organized under the Polish Government’s Multiannual Program “Senior+”
Author(s): Grzegorz Gawron / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: COVID-19 lockdown; public social services; co-production; older people; Poland;
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting our health and other aspects of our lives — work, family life, and contact with others. Everyday functioning has changed completely. The threat of the pandemic has forced us to develop new everyday practices, including co-producing services in conditions of minimal direct contact. The article aims to present co-production practices in public social services during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The discussion is based on the results of nationwide research conducted in Poland among formal organizers of services in local centers for older adults organized under the government’s multiannual program “Senior+” (155 from 772 centers throughout Poland). The author distinguished three primary forms of the older people co-production (Elementary, Individual, and Collective) filled with various service practices during the COVID-19 lockdown period.
The article examines some of the findings of a qualitative research project that looked into the issue of daily “boundary work” as experienced by working adults with and without children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We define boundary work as work that occurs at the intersection of two domains: work and life. We concentrate on border locations in the context of two major issues: first, how people identify borders (boundary identity), and second, what individual coping strategies (cognitive and emotional boundary work) were produced by the pandemic. Because of the frequent spatial overlap between the two spheres (work and life), temporal and spatial boundaries became ineffective, and the majority of the labor of creating borders was moved to mental and emotional levels.
Language, Religion, and Ethnicity-Making at Polish-language Schools in Lithuania
Author(s): Kristina Šliavaitė / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Lithuania; social integration; State language; minority language; schools with Polish language of instruction; Catholic religion;
The focus of this paper is the perceived relation of language (Polish) and religion (Catholicism) to the Polish identity and whether and how these dimensions of identity are employed in interpreting processes of social integration and mobility in Lithuanian society by research participants at schools where Polish is the language of instruction. This paper argues that the native language (Polish) is seen as an important dimension of ethnic (Polish) identity while both majority (Lithuanian) and minority languages are seen as helpful instruments in the process of social inclusion and social mobility since they are perceived as dependent on the social context. Polish-language schools reaffirm the interrelation of the Catholic religion and the Polish identity in discursive and practical ways (via various cultural means). Nevertheless, religion, an essential dimension of Polish identity, does not come to the forefront when discussing social integration or mobility.
Zygmunt Bauman and the Theory of Culture By Dariusz Brzeziński Translated by Katarzyna Bartoszynska Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press 2022
Author(s): . Miscellaneous / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: book review; Dariusz Brzeziński;
Zygmunt Bauman and the Theory of CultureByDariusz BrzezińskiTranslated by Katarzyna BartoszynskaMontreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press 2022, pp. 200ISBN 9780228013976
Zygmunt Bauman History and Politics: Selected Writings, Volume 2 Edited by Mark Davis, Jack Palmer, Dariusz Brzezinski, Thomas P. Campbell Translated by Katarzyna Bartoszynska Cambridge and Oxford: Polity Press 2023
Author(s): . Miscellaneous / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: book review; Mark Davis; Jack Palmer; Dariusz Brzezinski; Thomas P. Campbell;
Zygmunt Bauman History and Politics: Selected Writings,Volume 2Edited byMark Davis, Jack Palmer, Dariusz Brzezinski, Thomas P. CampbellTranslated by Katarzyna Bartoszynska Cambridge and Oxford: Polity Press 2023, pp. 280 ISBN 9781509550746
Paul Meyvaеrt and Paul Devos Duo Candelabra Cyrillomethodiana
Author(s): Stilyana Batalova / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2023
Keywords: Meyvaert Paul (1921–2015) ; Devos Paul (1913–1995) ; Sts Cyril and Methodius ; Italian Legend ; Leo of Ostia (1046–1115) ; Martinov Jean (1821–1894) ; Moravian Legend ; Ludvikovský Jaroslav (1895–1984
The paper outlines in historiographical perspective Paul Meyvaert (1921–2015) and Paul Devos’ (1913–1995) contributions to the classification of the Latin hagiographical legends about Sts Cyril and Methodius. The author analyzes their three joint studies from 1955–1956. These studies first introduced into academic use the most comprehensive medieval copy of the so-called Italian Legend discovered to date. They also explored its links to the literary activity of Leo of Ostia (1046–1115). Through P. Meyvaert’s fortuitous discovery, the two scholars proved that only the second redaction of the Italian Legend has survived. As a result of their research, they narrowed down the chronological limits of the appearance of its first redaction, compiled by Johannes Hymmonides and Gauderic of Velletri. They studied the manuscript tradition (of the Italian Legend) and proved that the reference to the episcopal rank of St Cyril and St Methodius is a late interpolation in the text. They established what influence Leo of Ostia’s redaction of the Italian Legend exerted on the literary production in the Benedictine monastery of San Clemente a Casauria in the last quarter of the 12th century and on some legendaries containing abridged legendae novae of the 13th and 14th centuries. P. Meyvaert and P. Devos also attempted to clarify the place of the so-called Moravian Legend in the nexus of Latin Cyrillo-Methodian legends of the Bohemian lands.The paper discusses the contributions of Meyvaert and Devos from the perspective of the development of Cyrillo-Methodian studies. It analyses the main approaches used for the successful solutions to age-old issues and the hypotheses that provoked debate with Jaroslav Ludvikovský (1895–1984).
Photocopies of Lost Manuscript Copies of the “Prologue Vita of Methodius”, Bishop of Great Moravia, in the Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Author(s): Boyka Mircheva / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2023
The paper begins with the historical facts related to the collection of Cyrillo-Methodian sources’ photocopies in the Scientific Archive of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. It aims at identifying the original manuscript copies of some Prologue Vitaе of Cyril and Methodius whose photocopies were preserved in this archive, at finding out their present location, and at checking the available data about them. Three such manuscripts are located in the National Scientific Library of Ukraine in L’viv, one in the Shevchenko Scientific Society and another one in the holdings of the L’viv National Library. The originals of eight other photocopies, however, have not been located and most probably no longer exist, which makes these photocopies the only evidence at present and thus a precious part of the Slavonic Cyrillo-Methodian heritage. The author of the article presents all the available information about them and publishes the transcripts of three of these photocopies.
The Cultural and Historical Legacy of Acad. Stefan Mladenov (1880–1963)
Author(s): Iva Trifonova / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2023
Keywords: archive ; comparative and Indo-European linguistics ; etymology ; Bulgarian-Polish scientific relations ; Mladenov Stefan (1880–1963)
The article is dedicated to the life and professional path of Acad. Stefan Mladenov (1880–1963) as commemoration of the 60th anniversary of his death. It summarizes the cultural and historical dimensions of his research, which has remained eternal in time. The emphasis is placed on his personal documents kept at the Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SA-BAS). They are described and analyzed in historical and research perspectives with a focun on those that are directly related to the Bulgarian-Polish scientific relations in the first half of the 20th century. A list of the selected studies dedicated to the memory of Acad. Mladenov can be found after the article.
Some Remarks about the Cyrillo-Methodian Bibliography in Bulgaria and Its Electronic Version
Author(s): Nely Gancheva / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2023
Keywords: Cyrillo-Methodian bibliography ; MARC 21 ; bibliographic database ; full-text database ; bibliographic citations ; information exchange
The article presents the work in Bulgaria on the preparation and publication of the Cyrillo-Methodian bibliography. It has been highlighted that since 1980 the Cyrillo-Methodian Research Centrе at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences has been the institution responsible at international level for the collection, processing and publishing of the Cyrillo-Methodian Bibliography. The stages of automation of the bibliography are traced and the need to convert the records from the bibliographic database to a machine-readable format for data exchange is justified. The main prospects for the development of the electronic Cyrillo-Methodian Bibliography are outlined as follows: full-text presentation of the publications described therein; application of bibliographic citation measurement software; constructing an application in which users can add bibliographic records and electronic resources in the field of Cyrillo-Methodian studies.
The Slavonic Manuscript Heritage of the Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos ‒ Past and Present
Author(s): Andrey Bobev / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 2/2023
Keywords: Zograf Monastery ; Mount Athos ; manuscripts ; archives
The literary treasures of the Holy Monastery of St. George the Zograf (widely known as Zograf Monastery) on Mount Athos, Greece, have attracted the scholarly attention for almost two centuries now. Built back in the X c., the Monastery has been inhabited by Slavic monks, predominantly Bulgarian in origin, for a millennium. Numerous medieval books have been taken by different visitors from the Monastery’s Library and “migrated”, mainly to the lands of the former Russian Empire. Despite that, due to the relative difficulties in terms of access, the Library and its manuscripts have neither seen proper cataloguing so far, nor have been studied to a sufficient extent. The present article makes an overview of several topics. First, it sketches the history of cataloguing attempts made for Zograf’s Library since XIX c. to contemporary undertakings. Second, it describes the current state of the Library’s repertoire, which is by far wider than expected until recently, and the formation of several teams with different fields of research in order to cover the whole range of thousands of hand-written books and documents spanning all over ten centuries. Third, the article traces the stages of the decade lasting (and still continuing) process of digitalization of the Zograf’s literary heritage and the attempts of providing its accessibility to the scholars – at least for its most valuable pieces, if not in total.
Author(s): Richard J. Fafara / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 29/2019
Keywords: ideology; philosophy; Aristotle; Thomas Aquinas; Destutt de Tracy;
To get a basic understanding of ideology, the author sketches briefly its philosophical underpinning as conceived by its founder. Then he compares ideology to an alternative way of philosophizing by examining Aristotle’s philosophy which will include one of the most important philosophers in the Aristotelian tradition, St. Thomas Aquinas. In conclusion, he determines what pedagogical benefits flow from such a comparison.
Moral life as a journey towards human transcendence
Author(s): Michael Nnamdi Konye / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 29/2019
Keywords: personalism; morality; person; metaphysics; Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec; transcendence; virtue;
Personalism in the Lublin School of Philosophy is developed on the foundation of metaphysics of being. One of the most prominent names associated with this school is Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec. I devoted my doctoral dissertation to the search for the basis of human transcendence in the light of Krapiec’s metaphysics of man. This article is originally part of that doctoral research work. The basic thrust of the article centers on the moral life, which is one of the dimensions in which context human transcendence is realized. In order to demonstrate this, I presented moral life metaphorically as a journey towards a destination, namely human transcendence. Given that moral virtues are indispensable for moral transcendence, I considered them to be the very means of transportation which brings the human being to this destination so described. Besides the introductory and concluding parts, the article consists of four segments, viz: a consideration of the social context of morality, a discourse on the moral journey towards human transcendence, and the discussion of two co-related examples of human transcendence in the moral domain – moral correction and overcoming moral evil.
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