Recenze: Origins of the Hussite Uprising. The Chronicle of Laurence of Březová (1414–1421), ed. Thomas A. Fudge, Routledge, London 2020.
Author(s): Martin Pjecha / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1-2/2021
Keywords: reviews;
This paper contains following book review: Origins of the Hussite Uprising. The Chronicle of Laurence of Březová
(1414–1421), ed. Thomas A. Fudge, Routledge, London 2020
298 pp., ISBN 978-0-367-43811-1
This study investigates weather expressions in Croatian, focusing on precipitation and non–precipitation weather phenomena. It highlights the complexity of the weather domain as described by extant syntactic, semantic and lexical studies showing variation both inter– and intralinguistically, and as the focus of future investigations. Croatian is examined with respect to proposed typologies of weather expressions, built around the notion of coding weather occurrences with the predicate or the argument of the sentence, or both, as well as investigations of lexicalization patterns of weather verbs with regards to Figure, Path and Manner. Though such classifications are based on cross–linguistic comparisons, their applications for systematizing intralinguistic variability are investigated on Croatian data. Since descriptions of weather expressions in Croatian have mostly focused on a subset of the most common weather verbs, verba meteorologica, a corpus–based approach is used to expand the dataset with different types of syntactic structures and predicates used in describing weather events, complemented by lexicographic sources. Weather expressions in Croatian are analyzed according to the semantic properties of dynamic and static weather phenomena, contextual grounding of a weather expression, manner of occurrence and the notions of primary and secondary weather expressions. Based on the overview of lexicographic and corpus data, this paper sketches an outline for future systematic study of the weather domain in Croatian.
Keywords: interruption; overlapping; disfluency; political interview; comparative analysis; Croatian; English;
The genre of political interview includes informational and communicative persuasive strategy, as each interlocutor wants to establish their dominance. Th e desire for dominance results in frequent interruptions and speech overlaps, which can also be associated with speech fluency. A comparative analysis was used to examine the discourse strategy of negative interruptions and overlaps in relation to other parameters of fluency in the television genre of political interview in the pre–election period, between Croatian and British journalists and politicians. In total, 24 speakers, evenly represented by language, occupation and gender, were analysed based on 12 news programmes for each language. Th e analysis revealed that journalists tend to interrupt and overlap politicians in a more conflicting way. Men tend to interrupt and overlap interlocutors more than women, and statistically, Croatian speakers do it more often. Moreover, Croatian journalists interrupt politicians more than their British peers. An interesting piece of research data reveals that women interrupt women and men to the same extent. Based on the overall data, it can be concluded that English speakers were more fluent, and that British journalists used fewer negative interruptions than Croatian.
Verbal humor in intercultural workplaces and second language learning: an overview of main research directions in the last 20 years
Author(s): Marie Møller Jensen,Lotte Dam / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 95/2023
Keywords: verbal humor; intercultural communication; professional communication; second language learning;
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the work within the field of intercultural communication which specifically investigates interactions through verbal humor. By the term intercultural we mean encounters by speakers of different languages and we defi ne verbal humor as natural (i.e. not pre-planned or scripted) and expressed via spoken language in face–to–face interactions. We have specifically sought to include studies published within the last 20 years, which rely on naturalistic data (as opposed to experimental data). We found that studies within the areas of workplace interactions and second language learning were the most prominent. We reflect on the reviewed studies and the methods employed. Finally, we suggest avenues for further research.
Development of Controlling: A Review of Literature
Author(s): Elman Nadžaković,Azra Bajramović / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 17/2022
Keywords: Controlling; instruments; management control systems; framework; development;
As a business function that deals with the establishment of efficient and effective processes for planning and control of the company's operations, controlling has become a crucial function of any business organization. The global changes have forced companies to very intensively and quickly adapt their operations to new market conditions, and controlling bears the most significant burden of this adaptation to global changes. To expand the scope of knowledge about controlling, this paper provides a literature review of controlling development in modern businesses, focusing on selected developed and developing countries. According to the findings of various studies, controlling is used in the majority of firms in developed economies, and his role has expanded. Existing studies support the conclusion that controlling contributes to improved business performance. Based on the literature review, the paper presents an analysis of the current state of controlling function development in companies of selected developed and developing countries, with special emphasis on Bosnia and Herzegovina, where controlling is not fully implemented with limited practical use. Therefore, some recommendations for adequate development of controlling function in Bosnia and Herzegovina and developing countries are proposed.
The possibilities of virtual reality in B2B marketing are increasingly recognized in scientific discussions as well as articles on interesting examples of early adopters such as IKEA and Airbus. However, while there is a growing recognition of its potential, the specific impact of virtual reality on B2B marketing remains part of the unexplored research area. From a business point of view, virtual reality technologies are already largely attracting investments that encourage research in the field hoping to discover the full potential of this technological innovation in optimizing business operations and processes. The great interest in virtual reality in marketing is not limited to the needs of the market but also comes from the gap in academic research and literature. Therefore, this research aims to bridge the gap between managerial and academic understanding and to improve knowledge of the influence of immersive reality technologies, namely virtual reality, on B2B sales and marketing. The basic method of work in this article is desk research. This paper draws upon reliable sources such as academic journals, published books, and case studies. Following an exploratory approach, the theoretical background provides a starting point for future empirical studies. This paper gives a realistic theoretical consideration of the topic by developing a framework and providing suggestions describing the impact of virtual reality on the perception of B2B customers, also providing B2B marketers and experts with several directions for future research and provides recommendations for B2B marketers who are interested in using the vast array of opportunities offered by virtual reality.
Keywords: Euroization; Bank Performance; Deposit Euroization; Credit Euroization; Regression Analysis;
Financial euroization is a significant phenomenon in developing countries. The key financial institutions for macroeconomic stability in these countries are the banks. Conversion of most of the financial assets and liabilities into foreign currency creates a currency mismatch between the assets and liabilities in domestic and foreign currency. Banks in the role of intermediaries between depositors and borrowers face the risks of accepting foreign currency deposits and placing foreign currency loans. With this, financial euroization can impact the performance of banks. The paper’s main objective is to analyze the impacts of euroization on the performance of banks in North Macedonia, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period from 2010 to 2020. For performance measure, we use bank profitability. The paper uses a pre-set empirical model, in which the dependent variable is ROA (annual data for the return on assets - as a variable for measuring the profitability of banks) and a set of independent variables, including the degree of euroization. The results suggest that the model is robust, and the variables are statistically significant. In conclusion, this outcome can be ascribed to the segmentation of the bank credit portfolio in credit denominated in domestic versus foreign currency credit denomination. Moreover, the degree of euroization proved to be statistically significant for predicting the performance of banks, hence is high bank management decision-making information.
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL ON HOW TECHNOLOGY ASSISTED SUPPLEMENTAL WORK LEADS TO WORK-LIFE CONFLICT: ENTANGLEMENTS OF ICTS WITH WORK-LIFE EXPERIENCES
Author(s): Sulakshana De Alwis / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: Work-family conflict; Technology-Assisted Supplemental Work (TASW); Work-life boundaries; ICTs at the workplace; Sociomateriality;
Empirical evidence suggests that technology-assisted supplemental work is becoming more prevalent in modern workplaces. Employees are often expected to be available to work even after working hours via Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) devices, which leads to work-life conflict. Using three recent empirical studies and relevant literature, this conceptual paper argues that ICTs alone cannot contribute to the employees’ work-life conflict because the work-life conflict in today’s hyper-connected world results from the constitutive intertwining between ICTs and people’s choices, beliefs, norms, and behaviors. Hence, to understand the work-life experiences in modern-day workplaces, it is vital to study the mutual interdependencies between ICT and social elements. Therefore, it is proposed to view contemporary employees’ work-life experiences as socio-material assemblages. Depending on the nature of the intertwining between ICTs and social elements, these socio-material assemblages create different experiences for different people. Using this socio-material perspective, the proposed conceptual model calls for more research on technology-assisted supplemental work and work-life conflict. Future research in this area could focus on the role of organizational norms, organizational and national culture, gender norms, segmentation preferences, boundary management tactics, and policies to manage after-hours work via ICTs. The model is presented with possible research suggestions and recommendations for theory and practice.
Keywords: Human resource management; health care system; structural model; planning; health care workforce; analysis; Slovenia;
The healthcare system’s effectiveness depends mainly on healthcare workers’ knowledge, skills, and motivation, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Systematic planning of human resources is, therefore, an essential prerequisite for ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of the health care system. This article outlines a structural human resource planning model in health care and explores the complexities involved. A detailed analytical framework is proposed, drawing on various materials and evidence to outline the factors that influence human resource planning in health care. The in-depth analytical process employs an extensive literature review to provide greater credibility to research findings. It investigates numerous sources and materials, both in national and international contexts. The purpose of human resource planning initiatives in healthcare is to calculate the needed number of healthcare workers in the future based on past and current data and assumptions about future supply and demand trends. The research findings reveal this is a very challenging task, as there are typically many unknowns when planning for the future. In addition, planners often need more reliable data and systemic deficiencies. Furthermore, the study shows that unplanned and delayed solutions concerning human resource needs in healthcare can only alleviate problems. Still, they cannot replace effective strategic measures and timely structural changes within the healthcare ecosystem.
The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of competitive strategies (CS) in the relationship between HRM practices and company performance (CP). Although the existing literature adequately addresses HRM practices and CS, there is limited empirical evidence linking internal resources and strategies with CP. Therefore, using the contingency approach, this study uncovers the role of CS in realizing the potential impact of HRM practices on CP. The data used to test, explore, and develop the moderating role of CS were collected from 157 manufacturing companies and analyzed using hierarchical linear regression. The results show a positive effect of HRM practices and CS on CP. The results also show that cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy moderate the relationship between HRM practices and CP. The theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.
The brain drain problem has been studied in the literature as an interaction between push factors in developing countries and pull factors in wealthy countries. It is essential to measure these factors to address the problem efficiently. This study aims to improve the process of prioritizing brain drain factors among Croatian students. The study was conducted among university students from all schools of the University of Zagreb and across seven scientific fields. This research combined two methods: the neural network analysis and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Neural network analysis is used to identify push and pull factors that most strongly influence students’ potential decision to leave a country. The AHP is used to prioritize the most critical pull and push factors according to the results of the neural network analysis. The study results indicate that pull factors are more important than push factors for students in all fields of study, except in Arts. Developing countries should strive to adopt policies to create new employment opportunities, improve the quality of life, and create a favorable business climate.
THE DETERMINANTS OF INDIVIDUAL’S RECYCLING BEHAVIOR WITH AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE POSSIBILITY OF EXPANDING THE DEPOSIT REFUND SYSTEM IN GLASS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CROATIA
This study investigates the recycling behavior of Croatian citizens and identifies the determinants of individual recycling intention. It also addresses whether the existing deposit refund system for glass bottles in Croatia can be replaced by an expanded system that includes the return and reuse of almost all types of glass containers. A total of 427 Croatian citizens participated in the survey. Quantitative data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling. In addition to the survey, a focus group was conducted with the relevant experts. The results confirmed the assumption about the pro-environmental orientation in Croatia. Citizens have a positive attitude towards the expanded deposit refund system in waste glass disposal and intend to implement it. The most significant predictor of their intention is their attitude towards the expanded deposit refund system, followed by familiarity with recycling. A person’s recycling intention is mainly determined by familiarity with recycling and perceived behavioral control. In the qualitative study, Croatian experts were generally positive about an expanded deposit refund system for glass containers but warned that implementation would not be without certain obstacles. The added value of the study is the creation of new knowledge for the design of local and national policies that can promote individuals’ environmentally friendly behavior and improve the glass waste disposal system in Croatia.
WHAT ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES DRIVE NGOS TO BE SUCCESSFUL? EVIDENCE FROM POLISH NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs) AND THE THEORY OF MANAGEMENT BY VALUES
Author(s): Paweł Mikołajczak / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: success; Management by Values; NGOs; organizational values;
This paper aims to identify the relationships between organizational values and the success of Polish NGOs in the context of the theory of management by values. The study indicates that different categories of NGO success are related to different priorities of the organizations’ CEOs in survival values. Results show that ethical values associated with organizational success are viewed in financial terms compared to organizations whose managers do not consider these values important. The article also shows that the quality of an organization’s services and its competitiveness are rated lower by organizations that prioritize conservative values. It also shows that honesty’s core ethical organizational value is related to NGO performance to varying degrees. The results show that the quality of an organization’s services is rated higher by organizations whose leaders prioritize honesty. Still, the level of cooperation between the organization and public and local government institutions is rated lower. This has clear implications for NGO managers: they should review the organizational values they prioritize concerning their organization’s performance goals to implement value management more effectively.
THE EMERGENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND HUMAN FACTORS IN DIGITAL MATURITY MODELS
Author(s): Nikoletta Kaszás,ldikó Ernszt,Bálint Jakab / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: digital maturity; digital maturity models; learning organization; human resources;
Digital maturity encompasses a company’s performance on the path to digital transformation. Various barriers can hinder the improvement of companies on the path to digital maturity – such as organizational culture and various human elements. The starting point for this study was that, regardless of digitization, the human factor is becoming an increasingly important resource in organizations and that digital maturity models (DMM) also focus on these aspects. The purpose of this study is twofold: to investigate the emergence of organizational culture and the human factor in DMMs through a comparative analysis and conduct empirical research in Hungary. In this study, we also aim to investigate the different factors of digital maturity of Hungarian companies and find a correlation with digital maturity based on the characteristics of a learning organization. According to our hypothesis, companies with the characteristics of a learning organization achieve a higher level of digital maturity. To prove this, we surveyed 776 Hungarian companies using a structured questionnaire. Based on our survey, we confirmed the hypothesis using three variables: the business organization anticipates and predicts change, focuses on long-term impacts when making organizational decisions; employees can achieve personal success.
ENTREPRENEURIAL AND INTRAPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF THE CURRENT LABOUR FORCE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: THE ROLE OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION
Author(s): Azra Bičo,Emil Knezović / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions; theory of planned behavior; entrepreneurial orientation; current labor force; Bosnia and Herzegovina;
This article investigates the relationship between the dimensions of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (which includes attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived control behavior) and entrepreneurial intentions and intrapreneurial intentions, considering entrepreneurial orientation as a moderator. Using the snowball sampling method, cross-sectional data were collected from 437 respondents. After testing for reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis, hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression. The results indicate that the attitudes toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control positively relate to entrepreneurial intentions. In contrast, attitude toward intrapreneurship is the only dimension of the theory of planned behavior positively related to intrapreneurial intentions. The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation is only significant for the relationship between attitude toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. Based on the results, several recommendations are made for businesses and policymakers to boost entrepreneurial activity among the current labor force.
WHAT ARE THE REASONS BEHIND PUBLISHING NONFINANCIAL REPORTS BY CROATIAN PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES? – A SURVEY OF PUBLIC MANAGERS
Author(s): Martina Dragija Kostić,Sanja Broz Tominac,Matko Ljubić / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: non-financial reporting; public sector; public managers; reforms; Croatia;
The number of studies on non-financial reporting by public sector entities is steadily increasing. Public sector entities have begun to report non-financial data to meet the needs of various stakeholders. Previous research has shown that public entities have begun to disclose non-financial information through various non-financial reports, such as sustainability reports, popular reports, integrated reports, and reports on websites or social media. This paper examines the disclosure of non-financial information in the form of non-financial reports by Croatian public sector entities and the reasons for publishing or not publishing such reports. The research is based on a questionnaire survey of Croatian public sector executives conducted in 2022. The results show that Croatian public sector entities have started to publish non-financial reports and that publication in the future is viewed positively. However, most of those who indicated that their institution does not prepare non-financial reports and those who do not know if their institution prepares the report are unfamiliar with non-financial reporting and non-financial reporting standards. This paper adds to the limited literature on non-financial reporting in the public sector. It reveals that the most important reason for not publishing non-financial reports by public sector entities is the absence of a legal requirement for non-financial reporting.
FIRM VALUE AND WORKING CAPITAL DECISIONS: FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM AN EMERGING MARKET
Author(s): Rümeysa Bilgin,Sema Turan / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: liquidity management; firm valuation; emerging market; working capital; cash holdings; system GMM;
This study investigates the effects of working capital management decisions on market values using a sample data set containing annual measurements for 317 Turkish publicly traded companies between 2010 and 2018. Cash ratio, Current ratio, Net Working Capital, and Cash Conversion Cycle are used as indicators of the liquidity policies of the sample firms. The specified dynamic model is estimated using the System GMM estimator. The findings show that firms can affect their market values by managing their liquid assets efficiently. However, this relationship weakens as cash holdings increase. In other words, a long cash conversion cycle and a large amount of net working capital are not considered negative signals by investors if accompanied by sufficient cash holdings. Hence, it can be said that cash management can help reduce the negative impact of working capital investments on firm value. This study found no evidence of the effects of the current ratio and net working capital on firm value.
DETERMINANTS OF GOVERNMENT BOND SPREADS IN EUROPEAN TRANSITION ECONOMIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Author(s): Berat Havolli / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: government bonds; transition economies; Europe; SME implications;
Given the need for transition economies to finance some of the investment required for development through borrowing, this paper empirically examines the determinants of government bond spreads, focusing on institutional quality as a contextual dimension. The literature generally assumes that market assessments of sovereign risk - i.e., the probability of default - and hence the cost of sovereign borrowing over the risk-free rate are based on the borrower’s macroeconomic fundamentals, solvency, and liquidity indicators related to fiscal and financial variables, and indicators of external financial market volatility. Using fixed effect estimation, our findings suggest that government bond spreads in European transition economies are sensitive to domestic macroeconomic fundamentals and global financial market volatility. From macroeconomic fundamentals, fiscal deficit levels, inflation rates, and countries’ effective exchange rates emerge as the leading indicators determining bond spreads over the observed period. Moreover, our results suggest that financial markets consider the quality of institutions when assessing default probabilities; hence, the potential risks arising from the quality of institutions are factored into the cost of sovereign borrowing. These results are robust to various extensions and robustness tests.
This study tests the existence and direction of the relationship between investment in intangible assets and export and internationalization growth using the VAR, IRF, and VECM approaches. To gain a deeper understanding of this relationship, the following research question was posed: How does investment in intangible assets affect Croatian exporters’ export and internationalization growth? How long does this effect last? Based on the microfinance data of the largest Croatian exporters, the results suggest a relationship between exports and investments in intangible assets in previous periods. Accumulated impulse responses suggest that investment in intangible assets reduces and increases export growth. This U-shaped relationship between intangible asset investment and export growth does not converge to equilibrium within the ten years studied. The VECM shows that increased intangible assets lead to increased exports in the long run. However, the speed of adjustment to long-run equilibrium is slow, only 6.42% annually. The study is significant in two ways. First, it points out the relationship between investment in intangible assets and long-term export growth. Second, it provides information for policy implementation on the choice of strategic direction companies need to take to reposition themselves, preferably in forward-looking value chains, while opening discussion of the institutional infrastructure needed for this repositioning.
ANALYSIS OF CROATIAN PUBLIC MUSEUMS’ DIGITAL INITIATIVES AMID COVID-19 AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MUSEUM MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE
Author(s): Edgar Buršić,Tea Golja,Hermina Maras Benassi / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 1/2023
Keywords: museum management and governance; digitisation; digital strategies; innovative museum experiences; digital transformation;
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented challenges for public museums in Croatia. This study examines how museum management and professionals have responded to the closure of museums during the pandemic by exploring digital initiatives and online engagement with remote audiences. The authors analysed data from 162 Croatian museums registered in the Museum Documentation Centre in Zagreb to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic indicators and museums’ digital activities using multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that half of the museums in the sample were active online, with social media being a commonly used platform. Interestingly, museums with a stronger online presence, lower regional unemployment rates, and a lower tourism development index were more likely to engage in activities during the pandemic. The authors conclude with recommendations for museum management and governance to embrace digital acceleration and adapt to the digital age. The study findings hold significant relevance for museums preparing for future pandemics or crises as they highlight the importance of digital initiatives and online presence in ensuring continued engagement with audiences during periods of closure. By leveraging digital tools and platforms, museums can overcome physical limitations and effectively reach remote audiences, thereby enhancing their resilience and adaptability in times of crisis. This study contributes to the understanding of museums’ digital transformation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and provides valuable insights for museum practitioners, policy-makers, and researchers to shape future strategies. Further research could explore the long-term impacts of digital initiatives on museums’ sustainability and visitor engagement beyond the pandemic context.
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